1、实验任务1：
（1）代码部分
1 //t.h
2 #pragma once
3
4 #include <string>
5
6 // 类T: 声明
7 class T {
8 // 对象属性、方法
9 public:
10 T(int x = 0, int y = 0); // 普通构造函数
11 T(const T &t); // 复制构造函数
12 T(T &&t); // 移动构造函数
13 ~T(); // 析构函数
14
15 void adjust(int ratio); // 按系数成倍调整数据
16 void display() const; // 以(m1, m2)形式显示T类对象信息
17
18 private:
19 int m1, m2;
20
21 // 类属性、方法
22 public:
23 static int get_cnt(); // 显示当前T类对象总数
24
25 public:
26 static const std::string doc; // 类T的描述信息
27 static const int max_cnt; // 类T对象上限
28
29 private:
30 static int cnt; // 当前T类对象数目
31
32 // 类T友元函数声明
33 friend void func();
34 };
35
36 // 普通函数声明
37 void func();
38
39
40
41 //t.cpp
42 // 类T: 实现
43 // 普通函数实现
44
45 #include "t.h"
46 #include <iostream>
47 #include <string>
48
49 using std::cout;
50 using std::endl;
51 using std::string;
52
53 // static成员数据类外初始化
54 const std::string T::doc{"a simple class sample"};
55 const int T::max_cnt = 999;
56 int T::cnt = 0;
57
58
59 // 对象方法
60 T::T(int x, int y): m1{x}, m2{y} {
61 ++cnt;
62 cout << "T constructor called.\n";
63 }
64
65 T::T(const T &t): m1{t.m1}, m2{t.m2} {
66 ++cnt;
67 cout << "T copy constructor called.\n";
68 }
69
70 T::T(T &&t): m1{t.m1}, m2{t.m2} {
71 ++cnt;
72 cout << "T move constructor called.\n";
73 }
74
75 T::~T() {
76 --cnt;
77 cout << "T destructor called.\n";
78 }
79
80 void T::adjust(int ratio) {
81 m1 *= ratio;
82 m2 *= ratio;
83 }
84
85 void T::display() const {
86 cout << "(" << m1 << ", " << m2 << ")" ;
87 }
88
89 // 类方法
90 int T::get_cnt() {
91 return cnt;
92 }
93
94 // 友元
95 void func() {
96 T t5(42);
97 t5.m2 = 2049;
98 cout << "t5 = "; t5.display(); cout << endl;
99 }
100
101
102 //task1
103 #include "t.h"
104 #include <iostream>
105
106 using std::cout;
107 using std::endl;
108
109 void test();
110
111 int main() {
112 test();
113 cout << "\nmain: \n";
114 cout << "T objects'current count: " << T::get_cnt() << endl;
115 }
116
117 void test() {
118 cout << "test class T: \n";
119 cout << "T info: " << T::doc << endl;
120 cout << "T objects'max count: " << T::max_cnt << endl;
121 cout << "T objects'current count: " << T::get_cnt() << endl << endl;
122
123
124 T t1;
125 cout << "t1 = "; t1.display(); cout << endl;
126
127 T t2(3, 4);
128 cout << "t2 = "; t2.display(); cout << endl;
129
130 T t3(t2);
131 t3.adjust(2);
132 cout << "t3 = "; t3.display(); cout << endl;
133
134 T t4(std::move(t2));
135 cout << "t3 = "; t4.display(); cout << endl;
136
137 cout << "T objects'current count: " << T::get_cnt() << endl;
138
139 func();
140 }
View Code
（2）运行结果
（3）问题1：
不能运行
func函数在类内仅声明了友元关系，并没有对函数进行声明
问题2：
普通构造函数：根据传入参数为m1,m2赋值，若没有参数则按默认值赋值；
复制构造函数：根据传入的类，将类的成员值复制给m1,m2；
移动构造函数：将另一个类的成员值移动到当前类中；
析构顺序：t5,t4,t3,t2,t1;
问题3：
编译错误
2、实验任务2：
（1）代码部分：
1 //complex.h
2 #ifndef X_H
3 #define X_H
4 #include<string>
5 using std::string;
6
7 class Complex{
8 public:
9 Complex(double x=0.0,double y=0.0);
10 Complex(const Complex &c);
11 double get_real();
12 double get_imag();
13 void add(const Complex &c);
14 friend Complex add(const Complex &c1,const Complex &c2);
15 friend bool is_equal(const Complex &c1,const Complex &c2);
16 friend bool is_not_equal(const Complex &c1,const Complex &c2);
17 friend double abs(const Complex &c);
18 friend void output(const Complex &c);
19 private:
20 double num1;
21 double num2;
22 public:
23 static const string doc;
24 };
25
26 #endif
27
28 //complex.cpp
29 #include<iostream>
30 #include<math.h>
31 #include "Complex.h"
32 using std::cout;
33 using std::endl;
34 using std::string;
35
36 const string Complex::doc{"a simplified Complex class"};
37 Complex::Complex(double x,double y):num1{x},num2{y}{};
38 Complex::Complex(const Complex &c):num1{c.num1},num2{c.num2}{};
39 double Complex::get_real(){
40 return num1;
41 }
42 double Complex::get_imag(){
43 return num2;
44 }
45 void Complex::add(const Complex &c){
46 num1+=c.num1;
47 num2+=c.num2;
48 }
49 Complex add(const Complex &c1,const Complex &c2){
50 Complex c3(c1.num1+c2.num1,c1.num2+c2.num2);
51 return c3;
52 }
53 bool is_equal(const Complex &c1,const Complex &c2){
54 if(c1.num1==c2.num1&&c1.num2==c2.num2)
55 return true;
56 return false;
57 }
58 bool is_not_equal(const Complex &c1,const Complex &c2){
59 if(c1.num1!=c2.num1||c1.num2!=c2.num2)
60 return true;
61 return false;
62 }
63 double abs(const Complex &c){
64 return sqrt(c.num1*c.num1+c.num2*c.num2);
65 }
66 void output(const Complex &c){
67 if(c.num2>=0)
68 cout<<c.num1<<"+"<<c.num2<<'i'<<endl;
69 cout<<c.num1<<c.num2<<'i'<<endl;
70 }
71
72 //task2
73 // 待补足（多文件组织代码时，需要包含的头文件）
74 #include <iostream>
75 #include<math.h>
76 #include<string>
77 #include "Complex.h"
78
79 using std::cout;
80 using std::endl;
81 using std::boolalpha;
82 using std::string;
83
84 void test() {
85 cout << "类成员测试: " << endl;
86 cout << Complex::doc << endl;
87
88 cout << endl;
89
90 cout << "Complex对象测试: " << endl;
91 Complex c1;
92 Complex c2(3, -4);
93 const Complex c3(3.5);
94 Complex c4(c3);
95
96 cout << "c1 = "; output(c1); cout << endl;
97 cout << "c2 = "; output(c2); cout << endl;
98 cout << "c3 = "; output(c3); cout << endl;
99 cout << "c4 = "; output(c4); cout << endl;
100 cout << "c4.real = " << c4.get_real() << ", c4.imag = " << c4.get_imag() << endl;
101
102 cout << endl;
103
104 cout << "复数运算测试: " << endl;
105 cout << "abs(c2) = " << abs(c2) << endl;
106 c1.add(c2);
107 cout << "c1 += c2, c1 = "; output(c1); cout << endl;
108 cout << boolalpha;
109 cout << "c1 == c2 : " << is_equal(c1, c2) << endl;
110 cout << "c1 != c3 : " << is_not_equal(c1, c3) << endl;
111 c4 = add(c2, c3);
112 cout << "c4 = c2 + c3, c4 = "; output(c4); cout << endl;
113 }
114
115 int main() {
116 test();
117 }
View Code
（2）运行结果：
3、实验任务3：
（1）代码部分：
1 #include <iostream>
2 #include <complex>
3
4 using std::cout;
5 using std::endl;
6 using std::boolalpha;
7 using std::complex;
8
9 void test() {
10 cout << "标准库模板类comple测试: " << endl;
11 complex<double> c1;
12 complex<double> c2(3, -4);
13 const complex<double> c3(3.5);
14 complex<double> c4(c3);
15
16 cout << "c1 = " << c1 << endl;
17 cout << "c2 = " << c2 << endl;
18 cout << "c3 = " << c3 << endl;
19 cout << "c4 = " << c4 << endl;
20 cout << "c4.real = " << c4.real() << ", c4.imag = " << c4.imag() << endl;
21 cout << endl;
22
23 cout << "复数运算测试: " << endl;
24 cout << "abs(c2) = " << abs(c2) << endl;
25 c1 += c2;
26 cout << "c1 += c2, c1 = " << c1 << endl;
27 cout << boolalpha;
28 cout << "c1 == c2 : " << (c1 == c2) << endl;
29 cout << "c1 != c3 : " << (c1 != c3) << endl;
30 c4 = c2 + c3;
31 cout << "c4 = c2 + c3, c4 = " << c4 << endl;
32 }
33
34 int main() {
35 test();
36 }
View Code
（2）运行结果:
（3）对比任务：
问题1：进行复数运算时直接使用运算符号不用通过调用函数add；输出时直接使用cout不用调用output函数
问题2：通过与标准库的交互可以使类的操作更加简洁
4、实验任务4：
（1）代码部分：
1 //Fraction.h
2 #pragma once
3 #include<string>
4
5 using std::string;
6
7 class Fraction
8 {
9 public:
10 Fraction(int x=1,int y=1);
11 Fraction(const Fraction &f);
12 int get_up();
13 int get_down();
14 Fraction negative();
15 friend void output(const Fraction &f);
16 friend Fraction add(const Fraction &f1,const Fraction &f2);
17 friend Fraction sub(const Fraction &f1,const Fraction &f2);
18 friend Fraction mul(const Fraction &f1,const Fraction &f2);
19 friend Fraction div(const Fraction &f1,const Fraction &f2);
20 private:
21 int up,down;
22 public:
23 static const string doc;
24 };
25
26 //Fraction.cpp
27 #include<bits/stdc++.h>
28 #include"Fraction.h"
29
30 using namespace std;
31
32 const string Fraction::doc{"Fraction类 v 0.01版.\n目前仅支持分数对象的构造、输出、加/减/乘/除运算.\n" };
33 Fraction::Fraction(int x,int y):up{x},down{y}{};
34 Fraction::Fraction(const Fraction &f):up{f.up},down{f.down}{};
35 int Fraction::get_up() {
36 return up;
37 }
38 int Fraction::get_down(){
39 return down;
40 }
41 Fraction Fraction::negative(){
42 Fraction f1(-1*up,down);
43 return f1;
44 }
45 void output(const Fraction &f){
46 if(f.up==0){
47 cout<<0<<endl;
48 return;
49 }
50 if(f.down==0){
51 cout<<"分母不能为零"<<endl;
52 return;
53 }
54 int num1=1,num2=1,mod=1,bigger;
55 if(f.up<0){
56 num1=-1;
57 }
58 if(f.down<0){
59 num2=-1;
60 }
61 if(num1*f.up==num2*f.down)
62 cout<<num1*num2<<endl;
63 if(num1*f.up>num2*f.down)
64 bigger=num1*f.up;
65 else
66 bigger=num2*f.down;
67 for(int i=2;i<=bigger/2;i++){
68 if(f.up%i==0&&f.down%i==0)
69 mod=i;
70 }
71 if(f.down/mod==1||f.down/mod==-1){
72
73 cout<<f.up/mod<<endl;
74 return;
75 }
76 if(num1<0&&num2<0){
77 cout<<f.up/mod*num1<<'/'<<f.down/mod*num2<<endl;
78 return;
79 }
80 cout<<f.up/mod<<'/'<<f.down/mod<<endl;
81
82 }
83 Fraction add(const Fraction &f1,const Fraction &f2){
84 Fraction f3(1);
85 f3.up=f1.up*f2.down+f2.up*f1.down;
86 f3.down=f1.down*f2.down;
87 return f3;
88 }
89 Fraction sub(const Fraction &f1,const Fraction &f2){
90 Fraction f3(1);
91 f3.up=f1.up*f2.down-f2.up*f1.down;
92 f3.down=f1.down*f2.down;
93 return f3;
94 }
95 Fraction mul(const Fraction &f1,const Fraction &f2){
96 Fraction f3(1);
97 f3.up=f1.up*f2.up;
98 f3.down=f1.down*f2.down;
99 return f3;
100 }
101 Fraction div(const Fraction &f1,const Fraction &f2){
102 Fraction f3(1);
103 f3.up=f1.up*f2.down;
104 f3.down=f1.down*f2.up;
105 return f3;
106 }
107
108 //main.cpp
109 #include "Fraction.h"
110 #include <iostream>
111
112 using std::cout;
113 using std::endl;
114
115
116 void test1() {
117 cout << "Fraction类测试: " << endl;
118 cout << Fraction::doc << endl << endl;
119
120 Fraction f1(5);
121 Fraction f2(3, -4), f3(-18, 12);
122 Fraction f4(f3);
123 cout << "f1 = "; output(f1); cout << endl;
124 cout << "f2 = "; output(f2); cout << endl;
125 cout << "f3 = "; output(f3); cout << endl;
126 cout << "f4 = "; output(f4); cout << endl;
127
128 Fraction f5(f4.negative());
129 cout << "f5 = "; output(f5); cout << endl;
130 cout << "f5.get_up() = " << f5.get_up() << ", f5.get_down() = " << f5.get_down() << endl;
131
132 cout << "f1 + f2 = "; output(add(f1, f2)); cout << endl;
133 cout << "f1 - f2 = "; output(sub(f1, f2)); cout << endl;
134 cout << "f1 * f2 = "; output(mul(f1, f2)); cout << endl;
135 cout << "f1 / f2 = "; output(div(f1, f2)); cout << endl;
136 cout << "f4 + f5 = "; output(add(f4, f5)); cout << endl;
137 }
138
139 void test2() {
140 Fraction f6(42, 55), f7(0, 3);
141 cout << "f6 = "; output(f6); cout << endl;
142 cout << "f7 = "; output(f7); cout << endl;
143 cout << "f6 / f7 = "; output(div(f6, f7)); cout << endl;
144 }
145
146 int main() {
147 cout << "测试1: Fraction类基础功能测试\n";
148 test1();
149
150 cout << "\n测试2: 分母为0测试: \n";
151 test2();
152 }
View Code
（2）运行结果：
5、实验任务5
（1）代码部分：
1 #pragma once
2
3 class SavingAccount {
4 private:
5 int id;
6 double balance;
7 double rate;
8 int lastDate;
9 double accumulation;
10
11 static double total;
12
13 void record(int date, double amount);
14
15 double accumulate(int date) const {
16 return accumulation + balance * (date - lastDate);
17 }
18
19 public:
20 SavingAccount(int date, int id, double rate);
21
22 int getId() const { return id; }
23 double getBalance() const { return balance; }
24 double getRate() const { return rate; }
25
26 static double getTotal() { return total; }
27
28 void deposit(int date, double amount);
29 void withdraw(int date, double amount);
30 void settle(int date);
31 void show() const;
32
33 };
34 #include"account.h"
35 #include<iostream>
36 #include<cmath>
37
38 using namespace std;
39
40 double SavingAccount::total = 0;
41
42 SavingAccount::SavingAccount(int date, int id, double rate)
43 : id(id), balance(0), rate(rate), lastDate(date), accumulation(0) {
44 cout << date << "\t#" << id << "is created" << endl;
45 }
46
47 void SavingAccount::record(int date, double amount) {
48 accumulation = accumulate(date);
49 lastDate = date;
50 amount = floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100;
51 balance += amount;
52 total += amount;
53 cout << date << "\t#" << id << "\t" << amount << "\t" << balance << endl;
54 }
55
56 void SavingAccount::deposit(int date, double amount) {
57 record(date, amount);
58 }
59
60 void SavingAccount::withdraw(int date, double amount) {
61 if (amount > getBalance())
62 cout << "Error: not enough money" << endl;
63 else
64 record(date, -amount);
65 }
66
67 void SavingAccount::settle(int date) {
68 double interest = accumulate(date) * rate / 365;
69 if (interest != 0)
70 record(date, interest);
71 accumulation = 0;
72 }
73
74 void SavingAccount::show() const {
75 cout << "#" << id << "\tBalance: " << balance;
76 }
77 #include "account.h"
78 #include <iostream>
79
80 using namespace std;
81
82 int main() {
83 SavingAccount sa0(1, 21325302, 0.015);
84 SavingAccount sa1(1, 58320212, 0.015);
85
86 sa0.deposit(5, 5000);
87 sa1.deposit(25, 10000);
88 sa0.deposit(45, 5500);
89 sa1.withdraw(60, 4000);
90
91 sa0.settle(90);
92 sa1.settle(90);
93
94 sa0.show(); cout << endl;
95 sa1.show(); cout << endl;
96 cout << "Total: " << SavingAccount::getTotal() << endl;
97
98 }
View Code
（2）运行结果：
标签：std,const,int,double,Complex,实验,Fraction From： https://www.cnblogs.com/sunnyllyy/p/18494457