转自：https://www.cnblogs.com/yhq1314/p/10870998.html
1 启动数据库，查看trace，在mount到open
SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 784998400 bytes
Fixed Size 2257352 bytes
Variable Size 511708728 bytes
Database Buffers 264241152 bytes
Redo Buffers 6791168 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> alter session set events '10046 trace name context forever,level 8';
Session altered.
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
SQL> alter session set events '10046 trace name context off';
Session altered.
SQL> select value from v$diag_info where name='Default Trace File';
VALUE
------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_ora_11247.trc查看文件，在启动的是，先检查各个数据文件的1号块
[oracle@DSI ~]$ more /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_ora_11247.trc
WAIT #139760412634104: nam='control file sequential read' ela= 2 file#=0 block#=23 blocks=1 obj#=-1 tim=1557884751568850
WAIT #139760412634104: nam='db file sequential read' ela= 3 file#=1 block#=1 blocks=1 obj#=-1 tim=1557884751568874 ##数据文件1的1号块
WAIT #139760412634104: nam='db file sequential read' ela= 1 file#=2 block#=1 blocks=1 obj#=-1 tim=1557884751568894
WAIT #139760412634104: nam='db file sequential read' ela= 2 file#=3 block#=1 blocks=1 obj#=-1 tim=1557884751568911
WAIT #139760412634104: nam='db file sequential read' ela= 1 file#=4 block#=1 blocks=1 obj#=-1 tim=1557884751568922
WAIT #139760412634104: nam='db file sequential read' ela= 1 file#=5 block#=1 blocks=1 obj#=-1 tim=15578847515689292 system数据文件1号块损坏修复
测试之前先做冷备，防止修复不成功
[oracle@DSI oradata]$ cp -rf orcl/ /home/oracle/.
BBED> info
File# Name Size(blks)
----- ---- ----------
1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf 94720
2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf 76800
3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf 144640
4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf 640
5 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/test01.dbf 6400
BBED> set file 1 block 1
FILE# 1
BLOCK# 1
BBED> map /v
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 1 Dba:0x00400001
------------------------------------------------------------
Data File Header
struct kcvfh, 860 bytes @0
struct kcvfhbfh, 20 bytes @0
struct kcvfhhdr, 76 bytes @20
ub4 kcvfhrdb @96
struct kcvfhcrs, 8 bytes @100
ub4 kcvfhcrt @108
ub4 kcvfhrlc @112
struct kcvfhrls, 8 bytes @116
ub4 kcvfhbti @124
struct kcvfhbsc, 8 bytes @128
ub2 kcvfhbth @136
ub2 kcvfhsta @138
struct kcvfhckp, 36 bytes @484
ub4 kcvfhcpc @140
ub4 kcvfhrts @144
ub4 kcvfhccc @148
struct kcvfhbcp, 36 bytes @152
ub4 kcvfhbhz @312
struct kcvfhxcd, 16 bytes @316
sword kcvfhtsn @332
ub2 kcvfhtln @336
text kcvfhtnm[30] @338
ub4 kcvfhrfn @368
struct kcvfhrfs, 8 bytes @372
ub4 kcvfhrft @380
struct kcvfhafs, 8 bytes @384
ub4 kcvfhbbc @392
ub4 kcvfhncb @396
ub4 kcvfhmcb @400
ub4 kcvfhlcb @404
ub4 kcvfhbcs @408
ub2 kcvfhofb @412
ub2 kcvfhnfb @414
ub4 kcvfhprc @416
struct kcvfhprs, 8 bytes @420
struct kcvfhprfs, 8 bytes @428
ub4 kcvfhtrt @444
ub4 tailchk @8188
BBED> dump
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 1 Offsets: 0 to 511 Dba:0x00400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
0ba20000 01004000 00000000 00000104 9bec0000 00000000 0004200b cf766f5b
4f52434c 00000000 c0170000 00770100 00200000 01000300 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
08024000 07000000 00000000 512bfa3b 4f2bfa3b 01000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000420 8c000000 b993173c 8b000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 06005359 5354454d 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 01000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 0a000a00
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 21fd1700 00000000 3e171a3c 01000000 75000000 1e7b0000 10000000
<32 bytes per line>模拟损坏，用4号文件的10号块覆盖1号文件1号块
BBED> copy file 4 block 10 to file 1 block 1
Warning: contents of previous BIFILE will be lost. Proceed? (Y/N) y
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 1 Offsets: 0 to 511 Dba:0x00400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1ea20000 0a000001 553e0000 00000104 a6010000 04000000 80403600 00000000
00000000 00f80000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
<32 bytes per line>
BBED> sum apply
Check value for File 1, Block 1:
current = 0x01a6, required = 0x01a6#正常关闭不了数据库，直接abort
SQL> shutdown immediate
ORA-01122: database file 1 failed verification check
ORA-01110: data file 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf'
ORA-01210: data file header is media corrupt
SQL> shutdown abort
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 784998400 bytes
Fixed Size 2257352 bytes
Variable Size 511708728 bytes
Database Buffers 264241152 bytes
Redo Buffers 6791168 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01122: database file 1 failed verification check
ORA-01110: data file 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf'
ORA-01210: data file header is media corrupt#只能启动到mount阶段，提示需要介质恢复
BBED> set file 1 block 1
FILE# 1
BLOCK# 1
BBED> map /v
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 1 Dba:0x00400001
------------------------------------------------------------
BBED-00400: invalid blocktype (30) ##查看文件，提示无效数据块构造文件头结构
用2号文件的1号块覆盖给1号文件1号块
BBED> set file 2 block 1
FILE# 2
BLOCK# 1
BBED> map /v
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf (2)
Block: 1 Dba:0x00800001
------------------------------------------------------------
Data File Header
BBED> copy file 2 block 1 to file 1 block 1
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 1 Offsets: 0 to 511 Dba:0x00400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
0ba20000 01008000 00000000 00000104 c4d80000 00000000 0004200b cf766f5b
4f52434c 00000000 c0170000 003b0100 00200000 02000300 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 07070000 00000000 522bfa3b 4f2bfa3b 01000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000400 8c000000 b993173c 8b000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 01000000 06005359 53415558 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 02000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 21fd1700 00000000 3e171a3c 01000000 75000000 1e7b0000 10000000
<32 bytes per line>
BBED> sum apply
Check value for File 1, Block 1:
current = 0xd8c4, required = 0xd8c4
查看文件头的结构
BBED> set file 1 block 1
FILE# 1
BLOCK# 1
BBED> map /v
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 1 Dba:0x00400001
------------------------------------------------------------
Data File HeaderBBED修复文件头
1. rdba_kcbh(offset 4) 文件头block的rdba地址
2. kccfhfsz (offset 44) 文件大小
3. kccfhfno (offset 52) datafile文件号
4. kcvfhrdb (offset 96) root dba
5. kscnbas (offset 100) v$datafile.creation_change#
6. kcvfhcrt (offset 108) v$datafile.creation_time
7. kcvfhsta (offset 138) 文件状态
8. kcvfhtsn (offset 332) 表空间号v$datafile.ts#
9.kcvfhtln (offset 336) 表空间名称字符长度
10. kcvfhtnm (offset 338) 表空间名称v$tablespace.name
11. kcvfhrfn (offset 368) 相对文件号v$datafile.rfile#
12. kscnbas (offset 484) checkpoint scn
13.kcvcptim (offset 492) last checkpoint time
14.kcvfhcpc (offset 144) Datafile checkpoint count
1 BBED修复文件头block的rdba地址
BBED> p kcvfhbfh
struct kcvfhbfh, 20 bytes @0
ub4 rdba_kcbh @4 0x00800001
rdba地址转换
SQL> select dbms_utility.data_block_address_file(TO_NUMBER('800001','XXXXXXXX')) file_id,dbms_utility.data_block_address_block(TO_NUMBER('800001','XXXXXXXX')) block_id from dual;
32个字节，前10个bit文件号，后22个bit块号
0000 0000 1000 >>0000 0000 10 得出是2号文件，现在要修改为1号文件0000 0000 0100>>0x00400001 转换成十六进制
BBED修复文件头block的rdba地址 ( Cont … )
BBED> set file 1 block 1 offset 4 count 32
FILE# 1
BLOCK# 1
OFFSET 4
COUNT 32
BBED> dump ##查看值
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 1 Offsets: 4 to 35 Dba:0x00400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
01008000 00000000 00000104 c4d80000 00000000 0004200b cf766f5b 4f52434c
<32 bytes per line>
BBED> modify /x 01004000 offset 4 ##修改
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 1 Offsets: 4 to 35 Dba:0x00400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
01004000 00000000 00000104 c4d80000 00000000 0004200b cf766f5b 4f52434c
<32 bytes per line>
BBED> sum apply ##提交
Check value for File 1, Block 1:
current = 0xd804, required = 0xd804
BBED> dump ##再次查看，已经修改为01004000
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 1 Offsets: 4 to 35 Dba:0x00400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
01004000 00000000 00000104 04d80000 00000000 0004200b cf766f5b 4f52434c
<32 bytes per line>2 BBED修复文件头的文件大小
BBED> p kcvfhhdr
ub4 kccfhfsz @44 0x00013b00
从系统层面查看system数据文件的大小
[oracle@DSI orcl]$ ll -l |grep system*
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 786440192 May 15 15:32 system01.dbf
计算大小
SQL> select (786440192-8192)/8192 from dual; ##-8192是减去os层面的0号块
(786440192-8192)/8192
---------------------
96000
SQL> select to_char(96000,'xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx') from dual;
TO_CHAR(96000,'X
----------------
17700
BBED> set file 1 block 1 offset 44 count 32
FILE# 1
BLOCK# 1
OFFSET 44
COUNT 32
BBED> dump
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 1 Offsets: 44 to 75 Dba:0x00400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
003b0100 00200000 02000300 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
<32 bytes per line>
BBED> modify /x 00770100 ##需要把17700反一下，先补全00017700,然后在反
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 1 Offsets: 44 to 75 Dba:0x00400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
00770100 00200000 02000300 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
<32 bytes per line>
BBED> sum apply
Check value for File 1, Block 1:
current = 0x9404, required = 0x9404
BBED> dump
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 1 Offsets: 44 to 75 Dba:0x00400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
00770100 00200000 02000300 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
<32 bytes per line>3 BBED修复文件头的文件号
BBED> p kcvfhhdr
ub2 kccfhfno @52 0x0002
BBED> set file 1 block 1 offset 52 count 32
FILE# 1
BLOCK# 1
OFFSET 52
COUNT 32
BBED> dump
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 1 Offsets: 52 to 83 Dba:0x00400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
02000300 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
<32 bytes per line>
BBED> modify /x 01 offset 52
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 1 Offsets: 52 to 83 Dba:0x00400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
01000300 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
<32 bytes per line>
BBED> sum apply
Check value for File 1, Block 1:
current = 0x9407, required = 0x9407
BBED> dump
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 1 Offsets: 52 to 83 Dba:0x00400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
01000300 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
<32 bytes per line>4 BBED修复文件头的root数据块号
SQL> select fhrdb,FHFNO from x$kcvfh order by 2;
FHRDB FHFNO
---------- ----------
4194824 1
SQL> select to_char(4194824,'xxxxxxxxxx') from dual;
TO_CHAR(419
-----------
400208
SQL> select dbms_utility.data_block_address_file(TO_NUMBER('400208',
'XXXXXXXX')) file_id,dbms_utility.data_block_address_block(TO_NUMBER('400208', 'XXXXXXXX'))
block_id from dual;
FILE_ID BLOCK_ID
---------- ----------
1 520 =>1号文件520号块
SQL> select to_char(520,'xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx') from dual;
TO_CHAR(520,'XXXXXXX
--------------------
208 =>00400208
BBED> p kcvfhrdb
ub4 kcvfhrdb @96 0x00000000
BBED> set file 1 block 1 offset 96 count 32
FILE# 1
BLOCK# 1
OFFSET 96
COUNT 32
BBED> dump
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 1 Offsets: 96 to 127 Dba:0x00400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
00000000 07070000 00000000 522bfa3b 4f2bfa3b 01000000 00000000 00000000
<32 bytes per line>
BBED> modify /x 08024000 ##同样这里也取反
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 1 Offsets: 96 to 127 Dba:0x00400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
08024000 07070000 00000000 522bfa3b 4f2bfa3b 01000000 00000000 00000000
<32 bytes per line>
BBED> sum apply
Check value for File 1, Block 1:
current = 0x964f, required = 0x964f
BBED> dump
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 1 Offsets: 96 to 127 Dba:0x00400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
08024000 07070000 00000000 522bfa3b 4f2bfa3b 01000000 00000000 00000000
<32 bytes per line>5 BBED修复文件头的文件创建SCN
BBED> p kcvfhcrs
struct kcvfhcrs, 8 bytes @100
ub4 kscnbas @100 0x00000707
ub2 kscnwrp @104 0x0000
SQL> select file#,creation_change# from v$datafile;
1 7
2 1799
3 2821
4 15940
5 929531
SQL> select to_char(1799,'xxxxxxxxxxxx') from dual;
TO_CHAR(1799,
-------------
707
BBED> set file 1 block 1 offset 100 count 32
FILE# 1
BLOCK# 1
OFFSET 100
COUNT 32
BBED> dump
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 1 Offsets: 100 to 131 Dba:0x00400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
07070000 00000000 522bfa3b 4f2bfa3b 01000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
<32 bytes per line>
BBED> modify /x 07000000 offset 100 ###由于这里是用的2号文件的1号块覆盖的，所以这里的值是2号文件的707，要修改为7
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 1 Offsets: 100 to 131 Dba:0x00400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
07000000 00000000 522bfa3b 4f2bfa3b 01000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
<32 bytes per line>
BBED> sum apply
Check value for File 1, Block 1:
current = 0x914f, required = 0x914f6 BBED修复文件头的文件创建时间
BBED> p kcvfhcrt
ub4 kcvfhcrt @108 0x3bfa2b52
BBED> set file 1 block 1 offset 108 count 32
FILE# 1
BLOCK# 1
OFFSET 108
COUNT 32
BBED> dump
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 1 Offsets: 108 to 139 Dba:0x00400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
522bfa3b 4f2bfa3b 01000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000400
<32 bytes per line>
SQL> select file#,to_char(creation_time,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') creation_time_file,
(to_char(creation_time,'yyyy')-1988)*12*31*24*3600+
(to_char(creation_time,'mm')-1)*31*24*3600
+(to_char(creation_time,'dd')-1)*24*3600
+to_char(creation_time,'hh24')*3600
+to_ 2 3 4 5 6 char(creation_time,'mi')*60
+to_char(creation_time,'ss') creation_name_scn
from v$datafile order by 1; 7 8
FILE# CREATION_TIME_FILE CREATION_NAME_SCN
---------- ------------------- -----------------
1 2019-04-22 10:07:13 1006250833
2 2019-04-22 10:07:14 1006250834
3 2019-04-22 10:07:15 1006250835
4 2019-04-22 10:07:20 1006250840
5 2019-04-22 17:12:12 1006276332
SQL> select to_char(1006250833,'xxxxxxxxxxxx') from dual;
TO_CHAR(10062
-------------
3bfa2b51
BBED> dump
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 1 Offsets: 108 to 139 Dba:0x00400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
522bfa3b 4f2bfa3b 01000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000400
<32 bytes per line>
BBED> modify /x 512bfa3b offset 108 ##取反，如果这里报错无效的number，则分开修改 108,109,110,111
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 1 Offsets: 108 to 139 Dba:0x00400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
512bfa3b 4f2bfa3b 01000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000400
<32 bytes per line>
BBED> sum apply
Check value for File 1, Block 1:
current = 0x914c, required = 0x914c7 BBED修复文件头的文件状态
BBED> p offset 138
kcvfh.kcvfhsta
--------------
ub2 kcvfhsta @138 0x0004 (KCVFHOFZ)
BBED> set file 1 block 1 offset 138 count 32
FILE# 1
BLOCK# 1
OFFSET 138
COUNT 32
BBED> dump
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 1 Offsets: 138 to 169 Dba:0x00400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
04008c00 0000b993 173c8b00 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
<32 bytes per line>
#当一个datafile处于fuzzy状态的时候，其kcvfhsta为0x04，这里是abort关闭，状态时04，不修改，如果是正常关闭，则是0x20008 BBED修复文件头的表空间号
BBED> p kcvfhtsn
sword kcvfhtsn @332 1
BBED> set file 1 block 1 offset 332 count 32
FILE# 1
BLOCK# 1
OFFSET 332
COUNT 32
BBED> dump
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 1 Offsets: 332 to 363 Dba:0x00400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
01000000 06005359 53415558 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
<32 bytes per line>
SQL> select file#,ts# from v$datafile;
FILE# TS#
---------- ----------
1 0
2 1
3 2
4 4
5 5
BBED> modify /x 00 offset 332 ##这里是system数据文件，ts为0
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 1 Offsets: 332 to 363 Dba:0x00400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
00000000 06005359 53415558 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
<32 bytes per line>
BBED> sum apply
Check value for File 1, Block 1:
current = 0x914d, required = 0x914d9 BBED修复文件头的表空间长度
BBED> p kcvfhtln
ub2 kcvfhtln @336 0x0006
BBED> p kcvfhtnm
text kcvfhtnm[0] @338 S
text kcvfhtnm[1] @339 Y
text kcvfhtnm[2] @340 S
text kcvfhtnm[3] @341 A
text kcvfhtnm[4] @342 U
text kcvfhtnm[5] @343 X
SYSTEM表空间长度一致10 BBED修复文件头的表空间名称
BBED> p kcvfhtnm
text kcvfhtnm[0] @338 S
text kcvfhtnm[1] @339 Y
text kcvfhtnm[2] @340 S
text kcvfhtnm[3] @341 A
text kcvfhtnm[4] @342 U
text kcvfhtnm[5] @343 X
修改为SYSTEM
BBED> set file 1 block 1 offset 338 count 32
FILE# 1
BLOCK# 1
OFFSET 338
COUNT 32
BBED> dump
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 1 Offsets: 338 to 369 Dba:0x00400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
53595341 55580000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000200
<32 bytes per line>
SQL> select dump('SYSTEM',16) from dual;
DUMP('SYSTEM',16)
-------------------------------
Typ=96 Len=6: 53,59,53,54,45,4d
BBED> set file 1 block 1 offset 341 ##直接从341偏移量开始修改，前面SYS都一样
FILE# 1
BLOCK# 1
OFFSET 341
BBED> modify /x 54454d
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 1 Offsets: 341 to 372 Dba:0x00400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
54454d00 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000002 00000000
<32 bytes per line>
BBED> sum apply
Check value for File 1, Block 1:
current = 0x915d, required = 0x915d11 BBED修复文件头的相对文件号
BBED> p kcvfhrfn
ub4 kcvfhrfn @368 0x00000002
BBED> set file 1 block 1 offset 368
FILE# 1
BLOCK# 1
OFFSET 368
BBED> dump
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 1 Offsets: 368 to 399 Dba:0x00400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
02000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
<32 bytes per line>
SQL> select file#,rfile# from v$datafile;
FILE# RFILE#
---------- ----------
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
BBED> modify /x 01 offset 368 #修改为对于的 RFILE
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 1 Offsets: 368 to 399 Dba:0x00400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
01000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
<32 bytes per line>
BBED> sum apply
Check value for File 1, Block 1:
current = 0x915e, required = 0x915e12 BBED修复文件头的检查点SCN
BBED> p kcvfhckp
struct kcvfhckp, 36 bytes @484
struct kcvcpscn, 8 bytes @484
ub4 kscnbas @484 0x0017fd21
ub2 kscnwrp @488 0x0000
ub4 kcvcptim @492 0x3c1a173e
SQL> set pagesize 999
SQL> set linesize 999
SQL> select file#,CREATION_CHANGE#,CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# ,UNRECOVERABLE_CHANGE#,LAST_CHANGE#,OFFLINE_CHANGE# from v$datafile order by 1;
FILE# CREATION_CHANGE# CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# UNRECOVERABLE_CHANGE# LAST_CHANGE# OFFLINE_CHANGE#
---------- ---------------- ------------------ --------------------- ------------ ---------------
1 7 1572129 0 0
2 1799 1572129 0 0
3 2821 1572129 0 0
4 15940 1572129 0 0
5 929531 1572129 0 0
SQL> select to_char(1572129,'xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx') from dual;
TO_CHAR(1572129,'
-----------------
17fd21
这里的值跟 ub4 kscnbas @484 0x0017fd21是一样的，不用修改13 BBED修复文件头的检查点时间
BBED> set file 1 block 1 offset 492
FILE# 1
BLOCK# 1
OFFSET 492
BBED> dump
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 1 Offsets: 492 to 523 Dba:0x00400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
3e171a3c 01000000 75000000 1e7b0000 10000000 02000000 00000000 00000000
<32 bytes per line>
select file#,to_char(CHECKPOINT_TIME,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')
CHECKPOINT_TIME_file,
(to_char(CHECKPOINT_TIME,'yyyy')-1988)*12*31*24*3600
+(to_char(CHECKPOINT_TIME,'mm')-1)*31*24*3600
+(to_char(CHECKPOINT_TIME,'dd')-1)*24*3600
+to_char(CHECKPOINT_TIME,'hh24')*3600
+to_char(CHECKPOINT_TIME,'mi')*60
+to_char(CHECKPOINT_TIME,'ss') CHECKPOINT_TIME_scn
from v$datafile order by 1;
SQL> select file#,to_char(CHECKPOINT_TIME,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')
CHECKPOINT_TIME_file,
(to_char(CHECKPOINT_TIME,'yyyy')-1988)*12*31*24*3600
+(to_char(CHECKPOINT_TIME,'mm')-1)*31*24*3600
+(to_char(CHECKPOINT_TIME,'dd')-1)*24*3600
+to_char(CHECKPOINT_TIME,'hh24 2 3 4 5 6 ')*3600
+to_char(CHECKPOINT_TIME,'mi')*60
+to_char(CHECKPOINT_TIME,'ss') CHECKPOINT_TIME_scn
from v$datafile order by 1; 7 8 9
FILE# CHECKPOINT_TIME_FIL CHECKPOINT_TIME_SCN
---------- ------------------- -------------------
1 2019-05-15 15:14:06 1008342846
2 2019-05-15 15:14:06 1008342846
3 2019-05-15 15:14:06 1008342846
4 2019-05-15 15:14:06 1008342846
5 2019-05-15 15:14:06 1008342846
SQL> select to_char(1008342846,'xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx') from dual;
TO_CHAR(1008342846,'XXXX
------------------------
3c1a173e
这里的值与ub4 kcvcptim @492 0x3c1a173e一样，不用修改通过dbv检查下文件头修改是否都正确
[oracle@DSI ~]$ dbv file=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf start=1 end=2
DBVERIFY: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Wed May 15 16:48:53 2019
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
DBVERIFY - Verification starting : FILE = /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
DBVERIFY - Verification complete
Total Pages Examined : 2
Total Pages Processed (Data) : 0
Total Pages Failing (Data) : 0
Total Pages Processed (Index): 0
Total Pages Failing (Index): 0
Total Pages Processed (Other): 2
Total Pages Processed (Seg) : 0
Total Pages Failing (Seg) : 0
Total Pages Empty : 0
Total Pages Marked Corrupt : 0
Total Pages Influx : 0
Total Pages Encrypted : 0
Highest block SCN : 1352932 (0.1352932)
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.这里成功打开数据库
如果打开数据库报错，根据提示再检查修改相应的块内容
如果是提示控制文件太旧
方法一：修改checkpoint count
kcvfhcpc (offset 144) Datafile checkpoint count
kcvfhccc (offset 148) Controlfile Checkpoint Count
kcvfhcpc>kcvfhccc+1 一般是这样
方法二：手工创建control file
测试题目：
1.模拟2号文件头损坏恢复的实验（详细操作步骤）
--这里2号文件跟1号文件类似，不用修改4. kcvfhrdb (offset 96) root dba
2.Oracle 11g 没有备份的情况下，1号文件520号块坏了，还能恢复吗?
如果不能恢复请给出原因?如果能恢复请给出方法和思路？
不能简单的从其他块进行覆盖修改，这里没有其他的文件快可以替换，结构都不一样，不清楚这个520号块的作用，是否可以从其他实例cp这520号块
查看本地其他数据文件的520号块
BBED> set file 1 block 1
FILE# 1
BLOCK# 1
BBED> p offset 520
pad
---
ub1 pad @520 0x00
BBED> set file 1 block 520
FILE# 1
BLOCK# 520
BBED> map /v
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 520 Dba:0x00400208
------------------------------------------------------------
Unlimited Data Segment Header
struct kcbh, 20 bytes @0
ub1 type_kcbh @0
ub1 frmt_kcbh @1
ub1 spare1_kcbh @2
ub1 spare2_kcbh @3
ub4 rdba_kcbh @4
ub4 bas_kcbh @8
ub2 wrp_kcbh @12
ub1 seq_kcbh @14
ub1 flg_kcbh @15
ub2 chkval_kcbh @16
ub2 spare3_kcbh @18
struct ktech, 72 bytes @20
ub4 spare1_ktech @20
sword tsn_ktech @24
ub4 lastmap_ktech @28
ub4 mapcount_ktech @32
ub4 extents_ktech @36
ub4 blocks_ktech @40
ub2 mapend_ktech @44
struct hwmark_ktech, 32 bytes @48
struct locker_ktech, 8 bytes @80
ub4 flag_ktech @88
struct ktemh, 16 bytes @92
ub4 count_ktemh @92
ub4 next_ktemh @96
ub4 obj_ktemh @100
ub4 flag_ktemh @104
struct ktetb[1], 8 bytes @108
ub4 ktetbdba @108
ub4 ktetbnbk @112
struct ktshc, 8 bytes @4148
ub2 ktshcnxf @4148
ub2 ktshcnfl @4150
ub2 ktshcnfb @4152
ub1 ktshctyp @4154
struct ktsfs_seg[1], 20 bytes @4156
ub2 ktsfsflg @4156
struct ktsfsxid, 8 bytes @4160
ub4 ktsfslhd @4168
ub4 ktsfsltl @4172
struct ktsfs_txn[16], 320 bytes @4176
ub2 ktsfsflg @4176
struct ktsfsxid, 8 bytes @4180
ub4 ktsfslhd @4188
ub4 ktsfsltl @4192
ub4 tailchk @8188
BBED> dump
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 520 Offsets: 0 to 511 Dba:0x00400208
------------------------------------------------------------------------
10a20000 08024000 b9010000 00000204 43e40000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 01000000 07000000 20100000 00000000 03000000 07000000 0c024000
00000000 00000000 01000000 03000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 01000000
00000000 3b000000 00000040 09024000 07000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
<32 bytes per line>
BBED> set file 2 block 520
FILE# 2
BLOCK# 520
BBED> map /v
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf (2)
Block: 520 Dba:0x00800208
------------------------------------------------------------
BBED-00400: invalid blocktype (32)
BBED> p offset 520
BBED-00400: invalid blocktype (32)
BBED> set file 3 block 520
FILE# 3
BLOCK# 520
BBED> p offset 520
freespace[478]
--------------
ub1 freespace[478] @520 0x00
BBED> map /v
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf (3)
Block: 520 Dba:0x00c00208
------------------------------------------------------------
Undo Data
struct kcbh, 20 bytes @0
ub1 type_kcbh @0
ub1 frmt_kcbh @1
ub1 spare1_kcbh @2
ub1 spare2_kcbh @3
ub4 rdba_kcbh @4
ub4 bas_kcbh @8
ub2 wrp_kcbh @12
ub1 seq_kcbh @14
ub1 flg_kcbh @15
ub2 chkval_kcbh @16
ub2 spare3_kcbh @18
struct ktubh, 22 bytes @20
struct ktubhxid, 8 bytes @20
ub2 ktubhseq @28
ub1 ktubhcnt @30
ub1 ktubhirb @31
ub1 ktubhicl @32
ub1 ktubhflg @33
ub2 ktubhidx[4] @34
ub1 freespace[7806] @42
ub1 undodata[340] @7848
ub4 tailchk @8188查看并修改1号文件520号块
SQL> select distinct dbms_rowid.rowid_relative_fno(rowid) file#,
dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number(rowid) block#
from bootstrap$; 2 3
FILE# BLOCK#
---------- ----------
1 521
1 523
1 522
查看并修改1号文件520号块
BBED> info
File# Name Size(blks)
----- ---- ----------
1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf 94720
2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf 76800
3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf 144640
4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf 640
5 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/test01.dbf 6400
这里从别处cp一个system01数据文件过来，由于这个是单实例，我从一个rac集群拷贝一个system过来试试
ASMCMD> cp SYSTEM.259.1001364555 /tmp/.
copying +data/bol/datafile/SYSTEM.259.1001364555 -> /tmp/./SYSTEM.259.1001364555
[grid@rac03 tmp]$ scp SYSTEM.259.1001364555 [email protected]:/tmp/.
[oracle@DSI ~]$ vim filelist.txt
[oracle@DSI ~]$ bbed
BBED> info
File# Name Size(blks)
----- ---- ----------
1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf 94720
2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf 76800
3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf 144640
4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf 640
5 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/test01.dbf 6400
6 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/SYSTEM.259.1001364555 0
BBED> copy file 6 block 520 to file 1 block 520
Warning: contents of previous BIFILE will be lost. Proceed? (Y/N) y
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 520 Offsets: 0 to 511 Dba:0x00400208
------------------------------------------------------------------------
10a20000 08024000 d0010000 00000204 43e40000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 01000000 07000000 20100000 00000000 03000000 07000000 0c024000
00000000 00000000 01000000 03000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 01000000
00000000 3b000000 00000040 09024000 07000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
<32 bytes per line>
BBED> sum apply
Check value for File 1, Block 520:
current = 0xe443, required = 0xe443
启动成功
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 784998400 bytes
Fixed Size 2257352 bytes
Variable Size 511708728 bytes
Database Buffers 264241152 bytes
Redo Buffers 6791168 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.3.以下SQL中的1988是怎么得来的？
select file#,to_char(creation_time,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') creation_time_file,
(to_char(creation_time,'yyyy')-1988)*12*31*24*3600+
(to_char(creation_time,'mm')-1)*31*24*3600
+(to_char(creation_time,'dd')-1)*24*3600
+to_char(creation_time,'hh24')*3600
+to_ 2 3 4 5 6 char(creation_time,'mi')*60
+to_char(creation_time,'ss') creation_name_scn
from v$datafile order by 1;
--数据库记录时间起点
1988/01/01 00:00:00