介绍
RabbitMQ 是一个开源的消息代理和队列服务器，实现了 AMQP 0-9-1 标准。它能够接收、存储并转发消息数据。
安装与配置
1. 安装 RabbitMQ
For Linux (Ubuntu/Debian)
```bash
sudo apt update
sudo apt install rabbitmq-server
```
For macOS (Homebrew)
```bash
brew install rabbitmq
```
2. 启动服务
```bash
rabbitmq-server
```
3. 配置环境变量
```bash
export RABBITMQ_NODENAME=my_rabbit
```
4. 开启管理插件
```bash
rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management
```
5. 访问管理界面
- Open http://localhost:15672/
- Default credentials: guest/guest
发布/订阅模式
发布/订阅模式中，消息生产者不会直接将消息发送给队列。而是通过交换机（Exchange）来完成。
创建生产者
```python
import pika
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs', exchange_type='fanout')
message = "Hello World!"
channel.basic_publish(exchange='logs',
routing_key='',
body=message)
print(" [x] Sent %r" % message)
connection.close()
```
创建消费者
```python
import pika
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
print(" [x] Received %r" % body)
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs', exchange_type='fanout')
result = channel.queue_declare(queue='', exclusive=True)
queue_name = result.method.queue
channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs', queue=queue_name)
channel.basic_consume(queue=queue_name,
on_message_callback=callback,
auto_ack=True)
print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')
channel.start_consuming()
```
工作队列
工作队列可以将任务分发到多个工作者之间，以实现负载均衡。
创建生产者
```python
import pika
import time
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.queue_declare(queue='task_queue', durable=True)
message = "Hello World!"
channel.basic_publish(exchange='',
routing_key='task_queue',
body=message,
properties=pika.BasicProperties(
delivery_mode=2, # make message persistent
))
print(" [x] Sent %r" % message)
connection.close()
```
创建消费者
```python
import pika
import time
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
print(" [x] Received %r" % body)
time.sleep(body.count(b'.'))
print(" [x] Done")
ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag)
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.queue_declare(queue='task_queue', durable=True)
print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')
channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1)
channel.basic_consume(queue='task_queue',
on_message_callback=callback)
channel.start_consuming()
```
直接路由
直接路由模式允许消息被精确地路由到指定的队列。
创建生产者
```python
import pika
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs', exchange_type='direct')
severity = 'info'
message = "Info: Hello World!"
channel.basic_publish(exchange='direct_logs',
routing_key=severity,
body=message)
print(" [x] Sent %r:%r" % (severity, message))
connection.close()
```
创建消费者
```python
import pika
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
print(" [x] Received %r" % body)
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs', exchange_type='direct')
result = channel.queue_declare(queue='', exclusive=True)
queue_name = result.method.queue
severities = ['error', 'info']
for severity in severities:
channel.queue_bind(exchange='direct_logs', queue=queue_name, routing_key=severity)
channel.basic_consume(queue=queue_name,
on_message_callback=callback,
auto_ack=True)
print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')
channel.start_consuming()
```
主题订阅
主题模式允许根据绑定键进行模糊匹配，从而将消息发送给多个队列。
创建生产者
```python
import pika
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs', exchange_type='topic')
routing_key = 'kern.critical'
message = "A critical kernel error"
channel.basic_publish(exchange='topic_logs',
routing_key=routing_key,
body=message)
print(" [x] Sent %r:%r" % (routing_key, message))
connection.close()
```
创建消费者
```python
import pika
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body))
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs', exchange_type='topic')
result = channel.queue_declare(queue='', exclusive=True)
queue_name = result.method.queue
binding_keys = ['kern.*', '*.critical']
for binding_key in binding_keys:
channel.queue_bind(exchange='topic_logs', queue=queue_name, routing_key=binding_key)
channel.basic_consume(queue=queue_name,
on_message_callback=callback,
auto_ack=True)
print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')
channel.start_consuming()
```
标签：pika,exchange,入门教程,RabbitMQ,queue,connection,message,channel From： https://blog.csdn.net/qq_40698086/article/details/141804804