包名：java.util.Calendar
工厂模式
Calendar 类提供了大量跟日期相关的功能代码，同时，又提供了一个 getInstance() 工厂方法，用来根据不同的 TimeZone 和 Locale 创建不同的 Calendar 子类对象。也就是说，功能代码和工厂方法代码耦合在了一个类中。所以，即便我们去查看它的源码，如果不细心的话，也很难发现它用到了工厂模式。同时，因为它不单单是一个工厂类，所以，它并没有以 Factory 作为后缀来命名。
getInstance() 工厂方法的代码如下。从代码中，可以看出，getInstance() 方法可以根据不同 TimeZone 和 Locale，创建不同的 Calendar 子类对象，比如 BuddhistCalendar、JapaneseImperialCalendar、GregorianCalendar，这些细节完全封装在工厂方法中，使用者只需要传递当前的时区和地址，就能够获得一个 Calendar 类对象来使用，而获得的对象具体是哪个 Calendar 子类的对象，使用者在使用的时候并不关心。
public abstract class Calendar implements Serializable, Cloneable, Comparable<Calendar> {
//...
public static Calendar getInstance(TimeZone zone, Locale aLocale){
return createCalendar(zone, aLocale);
}
private static Calendar createCalendar(TimeZone zone,Locale aLocale) {
CalendarProvider provider = LocaleProviderAdapter.getAdapter(
CalendarProvider.class, aLocale).getCalendarProvider();
if (provider != null) {
try {
return provider.getInstance(zone, aLocale);
} catch (IllegalArgumentException iae) {
// fall back to the default instantiation
}
}
Calendar cal = null;
if (aLocale.hasExtensions()) {
String caltype = aLocale.getUnicodeLocaleType("ca");
if (caltype != null) {
switch (caltype) {
case "buddhist":
cal = new BuddhistCalendar(zone, aLocale);
break;
case "japanese":
cal = new JapaneseImperialCalendar(zone, aLocale);
break;
case "gregory":
cal = new GregorianCalendar(zone, aLocale);
break;
}
}
}
if (cal == null) {
if (aLocale.getLanguage() == "th" && aLocale.getCountry() == "TH") {
cal = new BuddhistCalendar(zone, aLocale);
} else if (aLocale.getVariant() == "JP" && aLocale.getLanguage() == "ja" && aLocale.getCountry() == "JP") {
cal = new JapaneseImperialCalendar(zone, aLocale);
} else {
cal = new GregorianCalendar(zone, aLocale);
}
}
return cal;
}
//...
}
建造者模式
建造者模式有两种实现方法，一种是单独定义一个 Builder 类，另一种是将 Builder 实现为原始类的内部类。
Calendar 采用了第二种实现思路。
工厂模式是用来创建不同但是相关类型的对象（继承同一父类或者接口的一组子类），由给定的参数来决定创建哪种类型的对象。建造者模式用来创建一种类型的复杂对象，通过设置不同的可选参数，“定制化”地创建不同的对象。
粗看 Calendar 的 Builder 类的 build() 方法，可能会觉得它有点像工厂模式。前面一半代码确实跟 getInstance() 工厂方法类似，根据不同的 type 创建了不同的 Calendar 子类。实际上，后面一半代码才属于标准的建造者模式，根据 setXXX() 方法设置的参数，来定制化刚刚创建的 Calendar 子类对象。
public abstract class Calendar implements Serializable, Cloneable, Comparable<Calendar> {
//...
public static class Builder {
private static final int NFIELDS = FIELD_COUNT + 1;
private static final int WEEK_YEAR = FIELD_COUNT;
private long instant;
private int[] fields;
private int nextStamp;
private int maxFieldIndex;
private String type;
private TimeZone zone;
private boolean lenient = true;
private Locale locale;
private int firstDayOfWeek, minimalDaysInFirstWeek;
public Builder() {}
public Builder setInstant(long instant) {
if (fields != null) {
throw new IllegalStateException();
}
this.instant = instant;
nextStamp = COMPUTED;
return this;
}
//...省略n多set()方法
public Calendar build() {
if (locale == null) {
locale = Locale.getDefault();
}
if (zone == null) {
zone = TimeZone.getDefault();
}
Calendar cal;
if (type == null) {
type = locale.getUnicodeLocaleType("ca");
}
if (type == null) {
if (locale.getCountry() == "TH" && locale.getLanguage() == "th") {
type = "buddhist";
} else {
type = "gregory";
}
}
switch (type) {
case "gregory":
cal = new GregorianCalendar(zone, locale, true);
break;
case "iso8601":
GregorianCalendar gcal = new GregorianCalendar(zone, locale, true);
// make gcal a proleptic Gregorian
gcal.setGregorianChange(new Date(Long.MIN_VALUE));
// and week definition to be compatible with ISO 8601
setWeekDefinition(MONDAY, 4);
cal = gcal;
break;
case "buddhist":
cal = new BuddhistCalendar(zone, locale);
cal.clear();
break;
case "japanese":
cal = new JapaneseImperialCalendar(zone, locale, true);
break;
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("unknown calendar type: " + type);
}
cal.setLenient(lenient);
if (firstDayOfWeek != 0) {
cal.setFirstDayOfWeek(firstDayOfWeek);
cal.setMinimalDaysInFirstWeek(minimalDaysInFirstWeek);
}
if (isInstantSet()) {
cal.setTimeInMillis(instant);
cal.complete();
return cal;
}
if (fields != null) {
boolean weekDate = isSet(WEEK_YEAR) && fields[WEEK_YEAR] > fields[YEAR];
if (weekDate && !cal.isWeekDateSupported()) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("week date is unsupported by " + type);
}
for (int stamp = MINIMUM_USER_STAMP; stamp < nextStamp; stamp++) {
for (int index = 0; index <= maxFieldIndex; index++) {
if (fields[index] == stamp) {
cal.set(index, fields[NFIELDS + index]);
break;
}
}
}
if (weekDate) {
int weekOfYear = isSet(WEEK_OF_YEAR) ? fields[NFIELDS + WEEK_OF_YEAR] : 1;
int dayOfWeek = isSet(DAY_OF_WEEK) ? fields[NFIELDS + DAY_OF_WEEK] : cal.getFirstDayOfWeek();
cal.setWeekDate(fields[NFIELDS + WEEK_YEAR], weekOfYear, dayOfWeek);
}
cal.complete();
}
return cal;
}
}
}