使用pyqt5编写一个七彩时钟
- 效果
- 代码解析
- 定义 RainbowClockWindow 类
- 初始化用户界面
- 显示时间方法
- 完整代码
在这篇博客中，我们将使用 PyQt5 创建一个简单的七彩数字时钟。
效果
代码解析
定义 RainbowClockWindow 类
class RainbowClockWindow(QMainWindow):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.setWindowTitle('Rainbow Digital Clock')
self.setGeometry(100, 100, 400, 200)
self.initUI()
初始化用户界面
def initUI(self):
layout = QVBoxLayout()
self.time_layout = QHBoxLayout()
self.time_layout.setSpacing(0) # 设置标签之间的间距为0
self.hour_label = QLabel(self)
self.hour_label.setAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter)
self.hour_label.setStyleSheet("font-size: 48px;")
self.colon1_label = QLabel(self)
self.colon1_label.setAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter)
self.colon1_label.setStyleSheet("font-size: 48px;")
self.colon1_label.setText(":")
self.minute_label = QLabel(self)
self.minute_label.setAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter)
self.minute_label.setStyleSheet("font-size: 48px;")
self.colon2_label = QLabel(self)
self.colon2_label.setAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter)
self.colon2_label.setStyleSheet("font-size: 48px;")
self.colon2_label.setText(":")
self.second_label = QLabel(self)
self.second_label.setAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter)
self.second_label.setStyleSheet("font-size: 48px;")
self.time_layout.addWidget(self.hour_label)
self.time_layout.addWidget(self.colon1_label)
self.time_layout.addWidget(self.minute_label)
self.time_layout.addWidget(self.colon2_label)
self.time_layout.addWidget(self.second_label)
layout.addLayout(self.time_layout)
layout.setAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter) # 居中对齐
container = QWidget()
container.setLayout(layout)
self.setCentralWidget(container)
timer = QTimer(self)
timer.timeout.connect(self.showTime)
timer.start(1000)
self.showTime()
- 创建一个垂直布局 QVBoxLayout 和一个水平布局 QHBoxLayout，并设置水平布局的标签间距为0。
- 创建五个标签：hour_label、colon1_label、minute_label、colon2_label 和
second_label，并设置标签的对齐方式和样式，使其在窗口中居中并且字体大小为 48 像素。 - 将五个标签添加到水平布局中。
- 将水平布局添加到垂直布局中，并设置垂直布局居中对齐。
- 创建一个容器 QWidget，将布局设置为该容器的布局，并将容器设置为主窗口的中央控件。
- 创建一个 QTimer 对象，每秒触发一次 timeout 事件，连接到 showTime 方法。
- 调用 showTime 方法显示当前时间。
显示时间方法
def showTime(self):
current_time = QTime.currentTime()
hour = current_time.toString('hh')
minute = current_time.toString('mm')
second = current_time.toString('ss')
# Generate random colors for hour, minute, and second
hour_color = QColor(random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(0, 255))
minute_color = QColor(random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(0, 255))
second_color = QColor(random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(0, 255))
self.hour_label.setText(hour)
self.hour_label.setStyleSheet(f"font-size: 48px; color: {hour_color.name()};")
self.minute_label.setText(minute)
self.minute_label.setStyleSheet(f"font-size: 48px; color: {minute_color.name()};")
self.second_label.setText(second)
self.second_label.setStyleSheet(f"font-size: 48px; color: {second_color.name()};")
# Colon colors
self.colon1_label.setStyleSheet(f"font-size: 48px; color: #000000;")
self.colon2_label.setStyleSheet(f"font-size: 48px; color: #000000;")
- showTime 方法获取当前时间并将其格式化为小时、分钟和秒。
- 为小时、分钟和秒生成随机颜色，并将这些颜色应用到相应的标签上。
- 将两个冒号标签的颜色固定为黑色。
完整代码
import sys
import random
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QMainWindow, QLabel, QHBoxLayout, QVBoxLayout, QWidget
from PyQt5.QtCore import QTimer, QTime, Qt
from PyQt5.QtGui import QColor
class RainbowClockWindow(QMainWindow):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.setWindowTitle('Rainbow Digital Clock')
self.setGeometry(100, 100, 400, 200)
self.initUI()
def initUI(self):
layout = QVBoxLayout()
self.time_layout = QHBoxLayout()
self.time_layout.setSpacing(0) # 设置标签之间的间距为0
self.hour_label = QLabel(self)
self.hour_label.setAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter)
self.hour_label.setStyleSheet("font-size: 48px;")
self.colon1_label = QLabel(self)
self.colon1_label.setAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter)
self.colon1_label.setStyleSheet("font-size: 48px;")
self.colon1_label.setText(":")
self.minute_label = QLabel(self)
self.minute_label.setAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter)
self.minute_label.setStyleSheet("font-size: 48px;")
self.colon2_label = QLabel(self)
self.colon2_label.setAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter)
self.colon2_label.setStyleSheet("font-size: 48px;")
self.colon2_label.setText(":")
self.second_label = QLabel(self)
self.second_label.setAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter)
self.second_label.setStyleSheet("font-size: 48px;")
self.time_layout.addWidget(self.hour_label)
self.time_layout.addWidget(self.colon1_label)
self.time_layout.addWidget(self.minute_label)
self.time_layout.addWidget(self.colon2_label)
self.time_layout.addWidget(self.second_label)
layout.addLayout(self.time_layout)
layout.setAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter) # 居中对齐
container = QWidget()
container.setLayout(layout)
self.setCentralWidget(container)
timer = QTimer(self)
timer.timeout.connect(self.showTime)
timer.start(1000)
self.showTime()
def showTime(self):
current_time = QTime.currentTime()
hour = current_time.toString('hh')
minute = current_time.toString('mm')
second = current_time.toString('ss')
# Generate random colors for hour, minute, and second
hour_color = QColor(random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(0, 255))
minute_color = QColor(random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(0, 255))
second_color = QColor(random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(0, 255))
self.hour_label.setText(hour)
self.hour_label.setStyleSheet(f"font-size: 48px; color: {hour_color.name()};")
self.minute_label.setText(minute)
self.minute_label.setStyleSheet(f"font-size: 48px; color: {minute_color.name()};")
self.second_label.setText(second)
self.second_label.setStyleSheet(f"font-size: 48px; color: {second_color.name()};")
# Colon colors
self.colon1_label.setStyleSheet(f"font-size: 48px; color: #000000;")
self.colon2_label.setStyleSheet(f"font-size: 48px; color: #000000;")
if __name__ == "__main__":
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
window = RainbowClockWindow()
window.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())