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鸿蒙开发:应用组件跨设备交互(流转)【多端协同】

时间:2024-06-14 22:30:32浏览次数:20  
标签:DOMAIN 多端 鸿蒙 NUMBER TAG hilog ohos 组件 import

多端协同

功能描述

多端协同主要包括如下场景:

  • [通过跨设备启动UIAbility和ServiceExtensionAbility组件实现多端协同(无返回数据)]
  • [通过跨设备启动UIAbility组件实现多端协同(获取返回数据)]
  • [通过跨设备连接ServiceExtensionAbility组件实现多端协同]
  • [通过跨设备Call调用实现多端协同]

多端协同流程

多端协同流程如下图所示。

图1 多端协同流程图   hop-multi-device-collaboration

约束限制

  • 由于“多端协同任务管理”能力尚未具备,开发者当前只能通过开发系统应用获取设备列表,不支持三方应用接入。
  • 多端协同需遵循[分布式跨设备组件启动规则]。
  • 为了获得最佳体验,使用want传输的数据建议在100KB以下。

通过跨设备启动UIAbility和ServiceExtensionAbility组件实现多端协同(无返回数据)

在设备A上通过发起端应用提供的启动按钮,启动设备B上指定的UIAbility与ServiceExtensionAbility。

接口说明

表1 跨设备启动API接口功能介绍

接口名描述
startAbility(want: Want, callback: AsyncCallback): void;启动UIAbility和ServiceExtensionAbility(callback形式)。
stopServiceExtensionAbility(want: Want, callback: AsyncCallback): void;退出启动的ServiceExtensionAbility(callback形式)。
stopServiceExtensionAbility(want: Want): Promise;退出启动的ServiceExtensionAbility(Promise形式)。

开发步骤

  1. 需要申请ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DATASYNC权限,配置方式请参见[声明权限]。

  2. 同时需要在应用首次启动时弹窗向用户申请授权,使用方式请参见[向用户申请授权]。

  3. 获取目标设备的设备ID。

    import hilog from '@ohos.hilog';
    import distributedDeviceManager from '@ohos.distributedDeviceManager';
    
    const TAG: string = '[Page_CollaborateAbility]';
    const DOMAIN_NUMBER: number = 0xFF00;
    
    let dmClass: distributedDeviceManager.DeviceManager;
    
    function initDmClass(): void {
      // 其中createDeviceManager接口为系统API
      try {
        dmClass = distributedDeviceManager.createDeviceManager('com.samples.stagemodelabilitydevelop');
        hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, JSON.stringify(dmClass) ?? '');
      } catch (err) {
        hilog.error(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, 'createDeviceManager err: ' + JSON.stringify(err));
      };
    }
    
    function getRemoteDeviceId(): string | undefined {
      if (typeof dmClass === 'object' && dmClass !== null) {
        let list = dmClass.getAvailableDeviceListSync();
        hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, JSON.stringify(dmClass), JSON.stringify(list));
        if (typeof (list) === 'undefined' || typeof (list.length) === 'undefined') {
          hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, 'getRemoteDeviceId err: list is null');
          return;
        }
        if (list.length === 0) {
          hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, `getRemoteDeviceId err: list is empty`);
          return;
        }
        return list[0].networkId;
      } else {
        hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, 'getRemoteDeviceId err: dmClass is null');
        return;
      }
    }
    
  4. 设置目标组件参数,调用[startAbility()]接口,启动UIAbility或ServiceExtensionAbility。

    import { BusinessError } from '@ohos.base';
    import hilog from '@ohos.hilog';
    import Want from '@ohos.app.ability.Want';
    import common from '@ohos.app.ability.common';
    import distributedDeviceManager from '@ohos.distributedDeviceManager';
    import promptAction from '@ohos.promptAction';
    
    const TAG: string = '[Page_CollaborateAbility]';
    const DOMAIN_NUMBER: number = 0xFF00;
    let dmClass: distributedDeviceManager.DeviceManager;
    
    function getRemoteDeviceId(): string | undefined {
      if (typeof dmClass === 'object' && dmClass !== null) {
        let list = dmClass.getAvailableDeviceListSync();
        hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, JSON.stringify(dmClass), JSON.stringify(list));
        if (typeof (list) === 'undefined' || typeof (list.length) === 'undefined') {
          hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, 'getRemoteDeviceId err: list is null');
          return;
        }
        if (list.length === 0) {
          hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, `getRemoteDeviceId err: list is empty`);
          return;
        }
        return list[0].networkId;
      } else {
        hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, 'getRemoteDeviceId err: dmClass is null');
        return;
      }
    };
    
    @Entry
    @Component
    struct Page_CollaborateAbility {
      private context = getContext(this) as common.UIAbilityContext;
    
      build() {
        Column() {
          //...
          List({ initialIndex: 0 }) {
            //...
            ListItem() {
              Row() {
                //...
              }
              .onClick(() => {
                let want: Want = {
                  deviceId: getRemoteDeviceId(),
                  bundleName: 'com.samples.stagemodelabilityinteraction',
                  abilityName: 'CollaborateAbility',
                  moduleName: 'entry' // moduleName非必选
                };
                // context为发起端UIAbility的AbilityContext
                this.context.startAbility(want).then(() => {
                  promptAction.showToast({
                    message: $r('app.string.SuccessfulCollaboration')
                  });
                }).catch((err: BusinessError) => {
                  hilog.error(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, `startAbility err: ` + JSON.stringify(err));
                });
              })
            }
            //...
          }
          //...
        }
        //...
      }
    }
    
  5. 当设备A发起端应用不需要设备B上的ServiceExtensionAbility时,可调用[stopServiceExtensionAbility]接口退出。(该接口不支持UIAbility的退出,UIAbility由用户手动通过任务管理退出)

    import { BusinessError } from '@ohos.base';
    import hilog from '@ohos.hilog';
    import Want from '@ohos.app.ability.Want';
    import common from '@ohos.app.ability.common';
    import distributedDeviceManager from '@ohos.distributedDeviceManager';
    import promptAction from '@ohos.promptAction';
    
    const TAG: string = '[Page_CollaborateAbility]';
    const DOMAIN_NUMBER: number = 0xFF00;
    let dmClass: distributedDeviceManager.DeviceManager;
    
    function getRemoteDeviceId(): string | undefined {
      if (typeof dmClass === 'object' && dmClass !== null) {
        let list = dmClass.getAvailableDeviceListSync();
        hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, JSON.stringify(dmClass), JSON.stringify(list));
        if (typeof (list) === 'undefined' || typeof (list.length) === 'undefined') {
          hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, 'getRemoteDeviceId err: list is null');
          return;
        }
        if (list.length === 0) {
          hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, `getRemoteDeviceId err: list is empty`);
          return;
        }
        return list[0].networkId;
      } else {
        hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, 'getRemoteDeviceId err: dmClass is null');
        return;
      }
    };
    
    @Entry
    @Component
    struct Page_CollaborateAbility {
      private context = getContext(this) as common.UIAbilityContext;
    
      build() {
        // ...
        Button('stopServiceExtensionAbility')
          .onClick(() => {
            let want: Want = {
              deviceId: getRemoteDeviceId(),
              bundleName: 'com.example.myapplication',
              abilityName: 'FuncAbility',
              moduleName: 'module1', // moduleName非必选
            }
            // 退出由startAbility接口启动的ServiceExtensionAbility
            this.context.stopServiceExtensionAbility(want).then(() => {
              hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, "stop service extension ability success")
            }).catch((err: BusinessError) => {
              hilog.error(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, `stop service extension ability err is ` + JSON.stringify(err));
            })
          })
      }
    }
    

通过跨设备启动UIAbility组件实现多端协同(获取返回数据)

在设备A上通过应用提供的启动按钮,启动设备B上指定的UIAbility,当设备B上的UIAbility退出后,会将返回值发回设备A上的发起端应用。

接口说明

表2 跨设备启动,返回结果数据API接口功能描述

接口名描述
startAbilityForResult(want: Want, callback: AsyncCallback): void;启动UIAbility并在该Ability退出的时候返回执行结果(callback形式)。
terminateSelfWithResult(parameter: AbilityResult, callback: AsyncCallback): void;停止UIAbility,配合startAbilityForResult使用,返回给接口调用方AbilityResult信息(callback形式)。
terminateSelfWithResult(parameter: AbilityResult): Promise;停止UIAbility,配合startAbilityForResult使用,返回给接口调用方AbilityResult信息(promise形式)。

开发步骤

  1. 需要申请ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DATASYNC权限,配置方式请参见[声明权限]。

  2. 同时需要在应用首次启动时弹窗向用户申请授权,使用方式请参见[向用户申请授权]。

  3. 在发起端设置目标组件参数,调用startAbilityForResult()接口启动目标端UIAbility,异步回调中的data用于接收目标端UIAbility停止自身后返回给调用方UIAbility的信息。getRemoteDeviceId方法参照[通过跨设备启动uiability和serviceextensionability组件实现多端协同无返回数据]。

    import { BusinessError } from '@ohos.base';
    import hilog from '@ohos.hilog';
    import Want from '@ohos.app.ability.Want';
    import common from '@ohos.app.ability.common';
    import distributedDeviceManager from '@ohos.distributedDeviceManager';
    import promptAction from '@ohos.promptAction';
    
    const DOMAIN_NUMBER: number = 0xFF00;
    const TAG: string = '[Page_CollaborateAbility]';
    let dmClass: distributedDeviceManager.DeviceManager;
    
    function getRemoteDeviceId(): string | undefined {
      if (typeof dmClass === 'object' && dmClass !== null) {
        let list = dmClass.getAvailableDeviceListSync();
        hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, JSON.stringify(dmClass), JSON.stringify(list));
        if (typeof (list) === 'undefined' || typeof (list.length) === 'undefined') {
          hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, 'getRemoteDeviceId err: list is null');
          return;
        }
        if (list.length === 0) {
          hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, `getRemoteDeviceId err: list is empty`);
          return;
        }
        return list[0].networkId;
      } else {
        hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, 'getRemoteDeviceId err: dmClass is null');
        return;
      }
    };
    
    @Entry
    @Component
    struct Page_CollaborateAbility {
      private context = getContext(this) as common.UIAbilityContext;
    
      build() {
        Column() {
          //...
          List({ initialIndex: 0 }) {
            //...
            ListItem() {
              Row() {
                //...
              }
              .onClick(() => {
                let want: Want = {
                  deviceId: getRemoteDeviceId(),
                  bundleName: 'com.samples.stagemodelabilityinteraction',
                  abilityName: 'ServiceExtAbility',
                  moduleName: 'entry' // moduleName非必选
                };
                // 退出由startAbility接口启动的ServiceExtensionAbility
                this.context.stopServiceExtensionAbility(want).then(() => {
                  hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, 'stop service extension ability success')
                  promptAction.showToast({
                    message: $r('app.string.SuccessfullyStop')
                  });
                }).catch((err: BusinessError) => {
                  hilog.error(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, `stop service extension ability err is ` + JSON.stringify(err));
                });
              })
            }
            //...
          }
          //...
        }
        //...
      }
    }
    
  4. 在目标端UIAbility任务完成后,调用terminateSelfWithResult()方法,将数据返回给发起端的UIAbility。

    import common from '@ohos.app.ability.common';
    import hilog from '@ohos.hilog';
    import { BusinessError } from '@ohos.base';
    
    const TAG: string = '[Page_CollaborateAbility]';
    const DOMAIN_NUMBER: number = 0xFF00;
    
    @Entry
    @Component
    struct Page_CollaborateAbility {
      private context = getContext(this) as common.UIAbilityContext;
    
      build() {
        Column() {
          //...
          List({ initialIndex: 0 }) {
            //...
            ListItem() {
              Row() {
                //...
              }
              .onClick(() => {
                const RESULT_CODE: number = 1001;
                // context为目标端UIAbility的AbilityContext
                this.context.terminateSelfWithResult(
                  {
                    resultCode: RESULT_CODE,
                    want: {
                      bundleName: 'ohos.samples.stagemodelabilitydevelop',
                      abilityName: 'CollaborateAbility',
                      moduleName: 'entry',
                      parameters: {
                        info: '来自Page_CollaborateAbility页面'
                      }
                    }
                  },
                  (err: BusinessError) => {
                    hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, `terminateSelfWithResult err: ` + JSON.stringify(err));
                  });
              })
            }
            //...
          }
          //...
        }
        //...
      }
    }
    
  5. 发起端UIAbility接收到目标端UIAbility返回的信息,对其进行处理。

    import { BusinessError } from '@ohos.base';
    import hilog from '@ohos.hilog';
    import Want from '@ohos.app.ability.Want';
    import common from '@ohos.app.ability.common';
    import distributedDeviceManager from '@ohos.distributedDeviceManager';
    import promptAction from '@ohos.promptAction';
    
    const TAG: string = '[Page_CollaborateAbility]';
    const DOMAIN_NUMBER: number = 0xFF00;
    let dmClass: distributedDeviceManager.DeviceManager;
    
    function getRemoteDeviceId(): string | undefined {
      if (typeof dmClass === 'object' && dmClass !== null) {
        let list = dmClass.getAvailableDeviceListSync();
        hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, JSON.stringify(dmClass), JSON.stringify(list));
        if (typeof (list) === 'undefined' || typeof (list.length) === 'undefined') {
          hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, 'getRemoteDeviceId err: list is null');
          return;
        }
        if (list.length === 0) {
          hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, `getRemoteDeviceId err: list is empty`);
          return;
        }
        return list[0].networkId;
      } else {
        hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, 'getRemoteDeviceId err: dmClass is null');
        return;
      }
    };
    
    @Entry
    @Component
    struct Page_CollaborateAbility {
      private context = getContext(this) as common.UIAbilityContext;
    
      build() {
        Column() {
          //...
          List({ initialIndex: 0 }) {
            //...
            ListItem() {
              Row() {
                //...
              }
              .onClick(() => {
                let want: Want = {
                  deviceId: getRemoteDeviceId(),
                  bundleName: 'com.samples.stagemodelabilityinteraction',
                  abilityName: 'CollaborateAbility',
                  moduleName: 'entry' // moduleName非必选
                };
                const RESULT_CODE: number = 1001;
                // context为调用方UIAbility的UIAbilityContext
                this.context.startAbilityForResult(want).then((data) => {
                  if (data?.resultCode === RESULT_CODE) {
                    // 解析目标端UIAbility返回的信息
                    let info = data.want?.parameters?.info;
                    hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, JSON.stringify(info) ?? '');
                    if (info !== null) {
                      promptAction.showToast({
                        message : JSON.stringify(info)
                      });
                    }
                  }
                }).catch((error: BusinessError) => {
                  hilog.error(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, `startAbilityForResult err: ` + JSON.stringify(error));
                });
              })
            }
            //...
          }
          //...
        }
        //...
      }
    }
    

通过跨设备连接ServiceExtensionAbility组件实现多端协同

系统应用可以通过[connectServiceExtensionAbility()]跨设备连接一个服务,实现跨设备远程调用。比如:分布式游戏场景,平板作为遥控器,智慧屏作为显示器。

接口说明

表3 跨设备连接API接口功能介绍

接口名描述
connectServiceExtensionAbility(want: Want, options: ConnectOptions): number;连接ServiceExtensionAbility。
disconnectServiceExtensionAbility(connection: number, callback:AsyncCallback): void;断开连接(callback形式)。
disconnectServiceExtensionAbility(connection: number): Promise;断开连接(promise形式)。

开发步骤

  1. 需要申请ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DATASYNC权限,配置方式请参见[声明权限]。

  2. 同时需要在应用首次启动时弹窗向用户申请授权,使用方式请参见[向用户申请授权]。

  3. 如果已有后台服务,请直接进入下一步;如果没有,则[实现一个后台服务(仅对系统应用开放)]。

  4. 连接一个后台服务。

    • 实现IAbilityConnection接口。IAbilityConnection提供了以下方法供开发者实现:onConnect()是用来处理连接Service成功的回调,onDisconnect()是用来处理Service异常终止的回调,onFailed()是用来处理连接Service失败的回调。

    • 设置目标组件参数,包括目标设备ID、Bundle名称、Ability名称。

    • 调用connectServiceExtensionAbility发起连接。

    • 连接成功,收到目标设备返回的服务句柄。

    • 进行跨设备调用,获得目标端服务返回的结果。

      import { BusinessError } from '@ohos.base';
      import hilog from '@ohos.hilog';
      import Want from '@ohos.app.ability.Want';
      import common from '@ohos.app.ability.common';
      import distributedDeviceManager from '@ohos.distributedDeviceManager';
      import rpc from '@ohos.rpc';
      
      const TAG: string = '[Page_CollaborateAbility]';
      const DOMAIN_NUMBER: number = 0xFF00;
      const REQUEST_CODE = 1;
      let dmClass: distributedDeviceManager.DeviceManager;
      let connectionId: number;
      let options: common.ConnectOptions = {
        onConnect(elementName, remote): void {
          hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, 'onConnect callback');
          if (remote === null) {
            hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, `onConnect remote is null`);
            return;
          }
          let option = new rpc.MessageOption();
          let data = new rpc.MessageSequence();
          let reply = new rpc.MessageSequence();
          data.writeInt(99); // 开发者可发送data到目标端应用进行相应操作
          // @param code 表示客户端发送的服务请求代码。
          // @param data 表示客户端发送的{@link MessageSequence}对象。
          // @param reply 表示远程服务发送的响应消息对象。
          // @param options 指示操作是同步的还是异步的。
          //
          // @return 如果操作成功返回{@code true}; 否则返回 {@code false}。
          remote.sendMessageRequest(REQUEST_CODE, data, reply, option).then((ret: rpc.RequestResult) => {
            let errCode = reply.readInt(); // 在成功连接的情况下,会收到来自目标端返回的信息(100)
            let msg: number = 0;
            if (errCode === 0) {
              msg = reply.readInt();
            }
        // 成功连接后台服务
            hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, `sendRequest msg:${msg}`);
          }).catch((error: BusinessError) => {
            hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, `sendRequest failed, ${JSON.stringify(error)}`);
          });
        },
        onDisconnect(elementName): void {
          hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, 'onDisconnect callback');
        },
        onFailed(code) void {
          hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, 'onFailed callback');
        }
      };
      
      function getRemoteDeviceId(): string | undefined {
        if (typeof dmClass === 'object' && dmClass !== null) {
          let list = dmClass.getAvailableDeviceListSync();
          hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, JSON.stringify(dmClass), JSON.stringify(list));
          if (typeof (list) === 'undefined' || typeof (list.length) === 'undefined') {
            hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, 'getRemoteDeviceId err: list is null');
            return;
          }
          if (list.length === 0) {
            hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, `getRemoteDeviceId err: list is empty`);
            return;
          }
          return list[0].networkId;
        } else {
          hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, 'getRemoteDeviceId err: dmClass is null');
          return;
        }
      }
      
      @Entry
      @Component
      struct Page_CollaborateAbility {
        private context = getContext(this) as common.UIAbilityContext;
        build() {
          Column() {
            //...
            List({ initialIndex: 0 }) {
              //...
              ListItem() {
                Row() {
                  //...
                }
                .onClick(() => {
                  let want: Want = {
                    'deviceId': getRemoteDeviceId(),
                    'bundleName': 'com.samples.stagemodelabilityinteraction',
                    'abilityName': 'ServiceExtAbility'
                  };
                  // 建立连接后返回的Id需要保存下来,在解绑服务时需要作为参数传入
                  connectionId = this.context.connectServiceExtensionAbility(want, options);
                })
              }
              //...
            }
            //...
          }
          //...
        }
      }
      

      getRemoteDeviceId方法参照[通过跨设备启动uiability和serviceextensionability组件实现多端协同无返回数据]。

  5. 断开连接。调用disconnectServiceExtensionAbility()断开与后台服务的连接。

    import { BusinessError } from '@ohos.base';
    import hilog from '@ohos.hilog';
    import Want from '@ohos.app.ability.Want';
    import common from '@ohos.app.ability.common';
    import rpc from '@ohos.rpc';
    import IdlServiceExtProxy from '../IdlServiceExt/idl_service_ext_proxy';
    import promptAction from '@ohos.promptAction';
    
    let connectionId: number;
    const TAG: string = '[Page_CollaborateAbility]';
    const DOMAIN_NUMBER: number = 0xFF00;
    
    @Entry
    @Component
    struct Page_CollaborateAbility {
      private context = getContext(this) as common.UIAbilityContext;
    
      build() {
        Column() {
          //...
          List({ initialIndex: 0 }) {
            //...
            ListItem() {
              Row() {
                //...
              }
              .onClick(() => {
                this.context.disconnectServiceExtensionAbility(connectionId).then(() => {
                  hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, 'disconnectServiceExtensionAbility success');
                  // 成功断连后台服务
                  promptAction.showToast({
                    message: $r('app.string.SuccessfullyDisconnectBackendService')
                  })
                }).catch((error: BusinessError) => {
                  hilog.error(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, 'disconnectServiceExtensionAbility failed');
                });
              })
            }
            //...
          }
          //...
        }
        //...
      }
    }
    

通过跨设备Call调用实现多端协同

跨设备Call调用的基本原理与设备内Call调用相同,请参见[通过Call调用实现UIAbility交互(仅对系统应用开放)]。

下面介绍跨设备Call调用实现多端协同的方法。

接口说明

表4 Call API接口功能介绍

接口名描述
startAbilityByCall(want: Want): Promise;启动指定UIAbility至前台或后台,同时获取其Caller通信接口,调用方可使用Caller与被启动的Ability进行通信。
on(method: string, callback: CalleeCallBack): void通用组件Callee注册method对应的callback方法。
off(method: string): void通用组件Callee解注册method的callback方法。
call(method: string, data: rpc.Parcelable): Promise向通用组件Callee发送约定序列化数据。
callWithResult(method: string, data: rpc.Parcelable): Promise<rpc.MessageSequence>向通用组件Callee发送约定序列化数据, 并将Callee返回的约定序列化数据带回。
release(): void释放通用组件的Caller通信接口。
on(type: “release”, callback: OnReleaseCallback): void注册通用组件通信断开监听通知。

开发步骤

  1. 需要申请ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DATASYNC权限,配置方式请参见[声明权限]。

  2. 同时需要在应用首次启动时弹窗向用户申请授权,使用方式请参见[向用户申请授权]。

  3. 创建被调用端UIAbility。 被调用端UIAbility需要实现指定方法的数据接收回调函数、数据的序列化及反序列化方法。在需要接收数据期间,通过on接口注册监听,无需接收数据时通过off接口解除监听。

    1. 配置UIAbility的启动模式。 配置module.json5,将CalleeAbility配置为单实例"singleton"。

      Json字段字段说明
      “launchType”Ability的启动模式,设置为"singleton"类型。

      UIAbility配置标签示例如下:

      "abilities":[{
          "name": ".CalleeAbility",
          "srcEntry": "./ets/CalleeAbility/CalleeAbility.ts",
          "launchType": "singleton",
          "description": "$string:CalleeAbility_desc",
          "icon": "$media:icon",
          "label": "$string:CalleeAbility_label",
          "exported": true
      }]
      
    2. 导入UIAbility模块。

      import UIAbility from '@ohos.app.ability.UIAbility';
      
    3. 定义约定的序列化数据。 调用端及被调用端发送接收的数据格式需协商一致,如下示例约定数据由number和string组成。

      import type rpc from '@ohos.rpc';
      class MyParcelable {
        num: number = 0;
        str: string = '';
      
        constructor(num: number, string: string) {
          this.num = num;
          this.str = string;
        }
      
        mySequenceable(num: number, string: string): void {
          this.num = num;
          this.str = string;
        }
      
        marshalling(messageSequence: rpc.MessageSequence): boolean {
          messageSequence.writeInt(this.num);
          messageSequence.writeString(this.str);
          return true;
        };
      
        unmarshalling(messageSequence: rpc.MessageSequence): boolean {
          this.num = messageSequence.readInt();
          this.str = messageSequence.readString();
          return true;
        };
      };
      
    4. 实现Callee.on监听及Callee.off解除监听。 如下示例在Ability的onCreate注册MSG_SEND_METHOD监听,在onDestroy取消监听,收到序列化数据后作相应处理并返回。应用开发者根据实际业务需要做相应处理。

      import type AbilityConstant from '@ohos.app.ability.AbilityConstant';
      import UIAbility from '@ohos.app.ability.UIAbility';
      import type Want from '@ohos.app.ability.Want';
      import type { Caller } from '@ohos.app.ability.UIAbility';
      import hilog from '@ohos.hilog';
      import type rpc from '@ohos.rpc';
      
      
      const TAG: string = '[CalleeAbility]';
      const MSG_SEND_METHOD: string = 'CallSendMsg';
      const DOMAIN_NUMBER: number = 0xFF00;
      
      class MyParcelable {
        num: number = 0;
        str: string = '';
      
        constructor(num: number, string: string) {
          this.num = num;
          this.str = string;
        };
      
        mySequenceable(num: number, string: string): void {
          this.num = num;
          this.str = string;
        };
      
        marshalling(messageSequence: rpc.MessageSequence): boolean {
          messageSequence.writeInt(this.num);
          messageSequence.writeString(this.str);
          return true;
        };
      
        unmarshalling(messageSequence: rpc.MessageSequence): boolean {
          this.num = messageSequence.readInt();
          this.str = messageSequence.readString();
          return true;
        };
      };
      
      function sendMsgCallback(data: rpc.MessageSequence): rpc.Parcelable {
        hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, '%{public}s', 'CalleeSortFunc called');
      
        // 获取Caller发送的序列化数据
        let receivedData: MyParcelable = new MyParcelable(0, '');
        data.readParcelable(receivedData);
        hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, '%{public}s', `receiveData[${receivedData.num}, ${receivedData.str}]`);
        let num: number = receivedData.num;
      
        // 作相应处理
        // 返回序列化数据result给Caller
        return new MyParcelable(num + 1, `send ${receivedData.str} succeed`) as rpc.Parcelable;
      };
      
      export default class CalleeAbility extends UIAbility {
        caller: Caller | undefined;
      
        onCreate(want: Want, launchParam: AbilityConstant.LaunchParam): void {
          try {
            this.callee.on(MSG_SEND_METHOD, sendMsgCallback);
          } catch (error) {
            hilog.error(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, '%{public}s', `Failed to register. Error is ${error}`);
          };
        };
        //...
        releaseCall(): void {
          try {
            if (this.caller) {
              this.caller.release();
              this.caller = undefined;
            }
            hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, 'caller release succeed');
          } catch (error) {
            hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, `caller release failed with ${error}`);
          };
        };
        //...
        onDestroy(): void {
          try {
            this.callee.off(MSG_SEND_METHOD);
            hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, '%{public}s', 'Callee OnDestroy');
            this.releaseCall();
          } catch (error) {
            hilog.error(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, '%{public}s', `Failed to register. Error is ${error}`);
          };
        };
      };
      
  4. 获取Caller接口,访问被调用端UIAbility。

    1. 导入UIAbility模块。

      import UIAbility from '@ohos.app.ability.UIAbility';
      
    2. 获取Caller通信接口。 Ability的context属性实现了startAbilityByCall方法,用于获取指定通用组件的Caller通信接口。如下示例通过this.context获取Ability实例的context属性,使用startAbilityByCall拉起Callee被调用端并获取Caller通信接口,注册Caller的onRelease和onRemoteStateChange监听。应用开发者根据实际业务需要做相应处理。

      import { BusinessError } from '@ohos.base';
      import { Caller } from '@ohos.app.ability.UIAbility';
      import common from '@ohos.app.ability.common';
      import hilog from '@ohos.hilog';
      import distributedDeviceManager from '@ohos.distributedDeviceManager';
      
      const TAG: string = '[Page_CollaborateAbility]';
      const DOMAIN_NUMBER: number = 0xFF00;
      let caller: Caller | undefined;
      let dmClass: distributedDeviceManager.DeviceManager;
      
      function getRemoteDeviceId(): string | undefined {
        if (typeof dmClass === 'object' && dmClass !== null) {
          let list = dmClass.getAvailableDeviceListSync();
          hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, JSON.stringify(dmClass), JSON.stringify(list));
          if (typeof (list) === 'undefined' || typeof (list.length) === 'undefined') {
            hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, 'getRemoteDeviceId err: list is null');
            return;
          }
          if (list.length === 0) {
            hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, `getRemoteDeviceId err: list is empty`);
            return;
          }
          return list[0].networkId;
        } else {
          hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, 'getRemoteDeviceId err: dmClass is null');
          return;
        }
      };
      
      @Entry
      @Component
      struct Page_CollaborateAbility {
        private context = getContext(this) as common.UIAbilityContext;
      
        build() {
          Column() {
            //...
            List({ initialIndex: 0 }) {
              //...
              ListItem() {
                Row() {
                  //...
                }
                .onClick(() => {
                  let caller: Caller | undefined;
                  let context = this.context;
      
                  context.startAbilityByCall({
                    deviceId: getRemoteDeviceId(),
                    bundleName: 'com.samples.stagemodelabilityinteraction',
                    abilityName: 'CalleeAbility'
                  }).then((data) => {
                    if (data !== null) {
                      caller = data;
                      hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, 'get remote caller success');
                      // 注册caller的release监听
                      caller.onRelease((msg) => {
                        hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, `remote caller onRelease is called ${msg}`);
                      });
                      hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, 'remote caller register OnRelease succeed');
                      promptAction.showToast({
                        message: $r('app.string.CallerSuccess')
                      });
                      // 注册caller的协同场景下跨设备组件状态变化监听通知
                      try {
                        caller.onRemoteStateChange((str) => {
                          hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, 'Remote state changed ' + str);
                        });
                      } catch (error) {
                        hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, `Caller.onRemoteStateChange catch error, error.code: ${JSON.stringify(error.code)}, error.message: ${JSON.stringify(error.message)}`);
                      };
                    }
                  }).catch((error: BusinessError) => {
                    hilog.error(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, `get remote caller failed with ${error}`);
                  });
                })
              }
              //...
            }
            //...
          }
          //...
        }
      }
      

      getRemoteDeviceId方法参照[通过跨设备启动uiability和serviceextensionability组件实现多端协同无返回数据]。

  5. 向被调用端UIAbility发送约定序列化数据。

    1. 向被调用端发送Parcelable数据有两种方式,一种是不带返回值,一种是获取被调用端返回的数据,method以及序列化数据需要与被调用端协商一致。如下示例调用Call接口,向Callee被调用端发送数据。

      import UIAbility from '@ohos.app.ability.UIAbility';
      import type { Caller } from '@ohos.app.ability.UIAbility';
      import type rpc from '@ohos.rpc';
      import hilog from '@ohos.hilog';
      
      const TAG: string = '[CalleeAbility]';
      const DOMAIN_NUMBER: number = 0xFF00;
      const MSG_SEND_METHOD: string = 'CallSendMsg';
      class MyParcelable {
        num: number = 0;
        str: string = '';
      
        constructor(num: number, string: string) {
          this.num = num;
          this.str = string;
        };
      
        mySequenceable(num: number, string: string): void {
          this.num = num;
          this.str = string;
        };
      
        marshalling(messageSequence: rpc.MessageSequence): boolean {
          messageSequence.writeInt(this.num);
          messageSequence.writeString(this.str);
          return true;
        };
      
        unmarshalling(messageSequence: rpc.MessageSequence): boolean {
          this.num = messageSequence.readInt();
          this.str = messageSequence.readString();
          return true;
        };
      };
      
      export default class EntryAbility extends UIAbility {
        // ...
        caller: Caller | undefined;
        async onButtonCall(): Promise<void> {
          try {
            let msg: MyParcelable = new MyParcelable(1, 'origin_Msg');
            if (this.caller) {
              await this.caller.call(MSG_SEND_METHOD, msg);
            }
          } catch (error) {
            hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, `caller call failed with ${error}`);
          };
        }
        // ...
      }
      
    2. 如下示例调用CallWithResult接口,向Callee被调用端发送待处理的数据originMsg,并将’CallSendMsg’方法处理完毕的数据赋值给backMsg。

      import UIAbility from '@ohos.app.ability.UIAbility';
      import type { Caller } from '@ohos.app.ability.UIAbility';
      import type rpc from '@ohos.rpc';
      import hilog from '@ohos.hilog';
      
      const TAG: string = '[CalleeAbility]';
      const DOMAIN_NUMBER: number = 0xFF00;
      
      const MSG_SEND_METHOD: string = 'CallSendMsg';
      let originMsg: string = '';
      let backMsg: string = '';
      
      class MyParcelable {
        num: number = 0;
        str: string = '';
      
        constructor(num: number, string: string) {
          this.num = num;
          this.str = string;
        };
      
        mySequenceable(num: number, string: string): void {
          this.num = num;
          this.str = string;
        };
      
        marshalling(messageSequence: rpc.MessageSequence): boolean {
          messageSequence.writeInt(this.num);
          messageSequence.writeString(this.str);
          return true;
        };
      
        unmarshalling(messageSequence: rpc.MessageSequence): boolean {
          this.num = messageSequence.readInt();
          this.str = messageSequence.readString();
          return true;
        };
      };
      
      export default class EntryAbility extends UIAbility {
        // ...
        caller: Caller | undefined;
        async onButtonCallWithResult(originMsg: string, backMsg: string): Promise<void> {
          try {
            let msg: MyParcelable = new MyParcelable(1, originMsg);
            if (this.caller) {
              const data = await this.caller.callWithResult(MSG_SEND_METHOD, msg);
              hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, 'caller callWithResult succeed');
              let result: MyParcelable = new MyParcelable(0, '');
              data.readParcelable(result);
              backMsg = result.str;
              hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, `caller result is [${result.num}, ${result.str}]`);
            }
          } catch (error) {
            hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, `caller callWithResult failed with ${error}`);
          };
        }
        // ...
      }
      
  6. 释放Caller通信接口。 Caller不再使用后,应用开发者可以通过release接口释放Caller。

    import UIAbility from '@ohos.app.ability.UIAbility';
    import type { Caller } from '@ohos.app.ability.UIAbility';
    import hilog from '@ohos.hilog';
    
    export default class EntryAbility extends UIAbility {
      caller: Caller | undefined;
      releaseCall(): void {
        try {
          if (this.caller) {
            this.caller.release();
            this.caller = undefined;
          }
          hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, 'caller release succeed');
        } catch (error) {
          hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, `caller release failed with ${error}`);
        };
      }
    }
    

标签:DOMAIN,多端,鸿蒙,NUMBER,TAG,hilog,ohos,组件,import
From: https://blog.csdn.net/m0_70748845/article/details/139608196

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