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2_Bean的生命周期和常见的后处理器

时间:2024-06-10 13:45:17浏览次数:29  
标签:生命周期 System class Bean 处理器 context println public out

1. Spring Bean生命周期各个阶段

首先编写一个Bean:

@Component
public class LifeCycleBean {
    public LifeCycleBean(){
        System.out.println("Bean 构造");
    }

    @Autowired
    public void autowire(@Value("${JAVA_HOME}")String javaHome){
        System.out.println("Bean 依赖注入:"+javaHome);
    }

    @PostConstruct
    public void init(){
        System.out.println("Bean 初始化");
    }

    @PreDestroy
    public void destroy(){
        System.out.println("Bean 被销毁");
    }
}

编写主方法测试代码:

@SpringBootApplication
public class A03Application {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ConfigurableApplicationContext context = SpringApplication.run(A03Application.class, args);
        context.close();

    }
}
Bean 构造
Bean 依赖注入:/opt/development_tools/jdk21/jdk-21.0.3
Bean 初始化
2024-06-08T17:06:10.657+08:00  INFO 30992 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat started on port 9000 (http) with context path ''
2024-06-08T17:06:10.672+08:00  INFO 30992 --- [           main] com.cherry.a03.A03Application            : Started A03Application in 2.645 seconds (process running for 3.334)
Bean 被销毁

我们发现。完整的Bean生命周期是:

  1. 通过构造方法实例化Bean对象
  2. 对Bean对象进行依赖注入(该Bean 可能会引入其它的Bean对象)
  3. 对Bean对象进行初始化
  4. Bean对象随着容器的销毁而销毁(当然是在容器销毁前而销毁)

由于默认的而BeanFactory对于Bean管理只有核心的功能,而对Bean功能的怎增强则是通过Bean后处理器来完成的,我破门可以使用不同的Bean后处理器针对Bean不同的生命周期进行扩展。这里举一个简单的例子:

@Component
public class MyBeanPostProcessor implements InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor, DestructionAwareBeanPostProcessor {
    @Override
    public void postProcessBeforeDestruction(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
        if(beanName.equals("lifeCycleBean")){
            System.out.println("<<<销毁之前执行 如 @PreDestroy<<<");
        }
    }

    @Override
    public Object postProcessBeforeInstantiation(Class<?> beanClass, String beanName) throws BeansException {
        if(beanName.equals("lifeCycleBean")){
            System.out.println("<<<实例化之前执行,这里返回的对象会替换掉原来的bean  <<<");
        }
        return null;
    }


    @Override
    public boolean postProcessAfterInstantiation(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
        if (beanName.equals("lifeCycleBean")) {
            System.out.println("<<<实例化之后执行,这里返回false会跳过依赖注入  <<<");
        }
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public PropertyValues postProcessProperties(PropertyValues pvs, Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
        if(beanName.equals("lifeCycleBean")){
            System.out.println("<<<依赖注入阶段执行,如@Autowired, @AValue, @Resource <<<");
        }
        return pvs;
    }

    @Override
    public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
        if(beanName.equals("lifeCycleBean")){
            System.out.println("<<<初始化Bean之前执行,这里返回的对象会替换掉原来的Bean对象,如@POsrConstruct, @ConfigurationProperties <<<");
        }
        return bean;
    }

    @Override
    public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
        if(beanName.equals("lifeCycleBean")){
            System.out.println("<<< 初始化之后执行,这里返回的对象会替换掉原来的Bean,如代理增强<<<");
        }
        return bean;
    }
}

运行:

<<<实例化之前执行,这里返回的对象会替换掉原来的bean  <<<
Bean 构造
<<<实例化之后执行,这里返回false会跳过依赖注入  <<<
<<<依赖注入阶段执行,如@Autowired, @AValue, @Resource <<<
Bean 依赖注入:/opt/development_tools/jdk21/jdk-21.0.3
<<<初始化Bean之前执行,这里返回的对象会替换掉原来的Bean对象,如@POsrConstruct, @ConfigurationProperties <<<
Bean 初始化
<<< 初始化之后执行,这里返回的对象会替换掉原来的Bean,如代理增强<<<
2024-06-08T17:31:34.698+08:00  INFO 31600 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat started on port 9000 (http) with context path ''
2024-06-08T17:31:34.713+08:00  INFO 31600 --- [           main] com.cherry.a03.A03Application            : Started A03Application in 2.913 seconds (process running for 3.471)
<<<销毁之前执行 如 @PreDestroy<<<
Bean 被销毁

2. 模板设计模式

模板设计模式就是在不改变原有代码的基础上,提高现有代码的扩展能力。

模拟Spring容器编写一个BeanFactory

public class TestMethodTemplate {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyBeanFactory beanFactory = new MyBeanFactory();
        beanFactory.addBeanPostProcessor(new BeanPostProcessor() {
            @Override
            public void inject(Object bean) {
                System.out.println("解析 @Autowired");
            }
        });

        beanFactory.addBeanPostProcessor(new BeanPostProcessor() {
            @Override
            public void inject(Object bean) {
                System.out.println("解析 @Resource");
            }
        });

        beanFactory.addBeanPostProcessor(new BeanPostProcessor() {
            @Override
            public void inject(Object bean) {
                System.out.println("解析 @Value");
            }
        });
        beanFactory.getBean();
    }

    static class MyBeanFactory{
        public Object getBean(){
            Object bean = new Object();
            System.out.println("构造: "+bean);
            System.out.println("依赖注入: "+bean);  //@Autowired注解解析
            for(BeanPostProcessor processor:processors){
                processor.inject(bean);
            }
            System.out.println("初始化: "+bean);
            return bean;
        }

        // 存储bean后处理器
        private List<BeanPostProcessor> processors = new ArrayList<>();

        // 想后处理器集合中添加后处理器
        public void addBeanPostProcessor(BeanPostProcessor processor){
            processors.add(processor);
        }

    }

    static interface BeanPostProcessor{
        public void inject(Object bean);   // 对依赖注入阶段的功能进行扩展
    }
}
构造: java.lang.Object@5f184fc6
依赖注入: java.lang.Object@5f184fc6
解析 @Autowired
解析 @Resource
解析 @Value
初始化: java.lang.Object@5f184fc6

Process finished with exit code 0

将不确定的逻辑操作抽象成接口,将来在特定的时机调用来调用抽象方法。

3. 常见的Bean后处理器

首先定义几个Bean对象:

Bean1:

public class Bean1 {
    private Bean2 bean2;
    private Bean3 bean3;
    private String home;

    @Autowired
    public void setBean2(Bean2 bean2){
        System.out.println("@Autowired 生效:"+bean2);
        this.bean2 = bean2;
    }

    @Resource
    public void setBean3(Bean3 bean3){
        System.out.println("@Autowired 生效:"+bean3);
        this.bean3 = bean3;
    }

    @Autowired
    public void setHome(@Value("${JAVA_HOME}")String home){
        System.out.println("@Value 生效:"+home);
        this.home = home;
    }

    @PostConstruct
    public void init(){
        System.out.println("@PostConstruct 生效");
    }

    @PreDestroy
    public void destroy(){
        System.out.println("@PreDestroy 生效");
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Bean1{" +
                "bean2=" + bean2 +
                ", bean3=" + bean3 +
                ", home='" + home + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

Bean2:

public class Bean2 {}

Bean3:

public class Bean3 {}

Bean4:

/**
 *java.home=
 * java.version=
 */
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "java")
public class Bean4 {
    private String home;
    private String version;

    public String getHome() {
        return home;
    }

    public void setHome(String home) {
        this.home = home;
    }

    public String getVersion() {
        return version;
    }

    public void setVersion(String version) {
        this.version = version;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Bean4{" +
                "home='" + home + '\'' +
                ", version='" + version + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

主程序:

@SpringBootApplication
public class A04Application {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // GenericApplicationContext是一个比较容器,它并没有添加额外的bean处理器
        GenericApplicationContext context = new GenericApplicationContext();
        // 想容器中注册三个bean
        context.registerBean("bean1", Bean1.class);
        context.registerBean("bean2", Bean2.class);
        context.registerBean("bean3", Bean3.class);
        context.registerBean("bean4",Bean4.class);

        // 添加一个解析@Autowired和@Value注解的后处理器
        context.registerBean(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.class);
        // 添加一个协助@Value值获取的后处理器,一般配合AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor后处理器使用
        context.getDefaultListableBeanFactory().setAutowireCandidateResolver(new ContextAnnotationAutowireCandidateResolver());
        // 添加一个解析@Resource,@PostConstruct,@PreDestroy注解的后处理器
        context.registerBean(CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.class);
        // 添加对@ConfigurationProperties注解解析的后处理器
        ConfigurationPropertiesBindingPostProcessor.register(context.getDefaultListableBeanFactory());
        //初始化容器--执行beanFactory后处理器,添加bean后处理器,初始化所有单例
        context.refresh();
        System.out.println(context.getBean(Bean4.class));
        //销毁容器
        context.close();
    }
}

运行结果如下:

@Autowired 生效:com.cherry.a04.Bean3@77167fb7
@Autowired 生效:com.cherry.a04.Bean2@2f112965
@Value 生效:/opt/development_tools/jdk21/jdk-21.0.3
@PostConstruct 生效
Bean4{home='/usr/lib/jvm/jdk-21-oracle-x64', version='21.0.3'}
@PreDestroy 生效

关于Bean后处理器 AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor 的运行分析:

编写如下代码:

public class DigInAutowired {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory = new DefaultListableBeanFactory();

        beanFactory.registerSingleton("bean2", Bean2.class);
        beanFactory.registerSingleton("bean3", Bean3.class);
        beanFactory.setAutowireCandidateResolver(new ContextAnnotationAutowireCandidateResolver());
        // 1.创建一个后处理器对象
        AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor processor = new AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor();
        processor.setBeanFactory(beanFactory);
        Bean1 bean1 = new Bean1();
        processor.postProcessProperties(null,bean1,"bean1"); // 执行依赖注入@Autowired@Value
        System.out.println(bean1);
    }
}

debug进入到postProcessProperties方法中去:

public PropertyValues postProcessProperties(PropertyValues pvs, Object bean, String beanName) {
    // 首先找到有没有加@Autowired注解的属性,方法,找到后封装到 InjectionMetadata 中
    InjectionMetadata metadata = this.findAutowiringMetadata(beanName, bean.getClass(), pvs);
        try {
            //通过反射给属性赋值,set方法反射调用等
            metadata.inject(bean, beanName, pvs);
            return pvs;
        } catch (BeanCreationException var6) {
            BeanCreationException ex = var6;
            throw ex;
        } catch (Throwable var7) {
            Throwable ex = var7;
            throw new BeanCreationException(beanName, "Injection of autowired dependencies failed", ex);
        }
    }

除此之外我们还可以使用反射的机制手动获取@Autowird和@Value注解上的信息:

public class DigInAutowired {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException {
        DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory = new DefaultListableBeanFactory();
        beanFactory.registerSingleton("bean2", Bean2.class);
        beanFactory.registerSingleton("bean3", Bean3.class);
        beanFactory.setAutowireCandidateResolver(new ContextAnnotationAutowireCandidateResolver());
        // 1.创建一个后处理器对象
        AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor processor = new AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor();
        processor.setBeanFactory(beanFactory);
        Bean1 bean1 = new Bean1();
//        processor.postProcessProperties(null,bean1,"bean1"); // 执行依赖注入@Autowired@Value
//        System.out.println(bean1);
        Method findAutowiringMetadata = AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.class.getDeclaredMethod("findAutowiringMetadata", String.class, Bean1.class);
        findAutowiringMetadata.setAccessible(true);
        //反射调用该方法:获取bean1上加了@Autowired和@Value注解上的信息,包括成员变量和方法参数
        Object injectionMetaData = (InjectionMetadata)findAutowiringMetadata.invoke(processor,"bean1", Bean1.class, null);
        System.out.println(injectionMetaData);
    }
}

4. 常见工厂后处理器

BeanFactory后处理器的作用:为BeanFactory提供扩展。

例如:

首先编写如下Bean代码:

Config:

@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.cherry.a05.component")
public class Config {
    private Bean1 bean1;
    @Bean
    public Bean1 bean1(){
        return new Bean1();
    }
}

Bean1:

@Component
public class Bean1 {}

编写主方法查看此时能否获取Bean对象

public class A05Application {
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(A05Application.class);
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        GenericApplicationContext context = new GenericApplicationContext();
        context.registerBean("config",Config.class);
        context.refresh();  //初始化容器
        for(String name:context.getBeanDefinitionNames()){
            System.out.println(name);
        }
    }
}
config

我们发现只有我们手动加入的bean,而组建扫描并未生效,因此被@Bean注解的方法也未加入到容器中。

因此我们们需要加入一个可以解析@@ComponentScan注解信息的bean工厂后处理器:

public class A05Application {
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(A05Application.class);
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        GenericApplicationContext context = new GenericApplicationContext();
        context.registerBean(ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.class);
        // 扫描mybatias的Mapper接口,并将这些就接口加入到容器中
        context.registerBean(MapperScannerConfigurer.class);
        context.registerBean("config",Config.class);
        context.refresh();  //初始化容器
        for(String name:context.getBeanDefinitionNames()){
            System.out.println(name);
        }
    }
}

此时再次运行:

config
bean2
bean3
bean4
bean1

ConfigurationClassPostProcessor处理器支持对@ComponentScan,,@Bean,@Import,@ImportResource 注解的解析

5. 工厂后处理器的模拟实现

5.1 组件扫描

public class A06ApplicationTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        GenericApplicationContext context = new GenericApplicationContext();
        //查找类上有没有加@ComponentScan注解
        ComponentScan componentScan = AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(Config.class, ComponentScan.class);
        if(componentScan != null){
            //获取注解上的属性(包路径)
            for (String p : componentScan.basePackages()) {
//                System.out.println(p);  // com.cherry.a05.component
                // 修改包名转为路径 --> 子包下的所有的类
                String packagePath = "classpath*:"+p.replace(".","/")+"/**/*.class";
                // System.out.println(packagePath);
                CachingMetadataReaderFactory factory = new CachingMetadataReaderFactory();
                Resource[] resources = context.getResources(packagePath);
                for(Resource res:resources){
                    // System.out.println(res);
                    MetadataReader reader = factory.getMetadataReader(res);
                    System.out.println(reader.getClassMetadata().getClassName());
                    // 判断是否加入了@Component
                    System.out.println("是否加了@Component: "+reader.getAnnotationMetadata().hasAnnotation(Component.class.getName()));
                    System.out.println("是否加了@Component及其派生注解: "+reader.getAnnotationMetadata().hasMetaAnnotation(Component.class.getName()));

                    if(reader.getAnnotationMetadata().hasMetaAnnotation(Component.class.getName()) ||
                        reader.getAnnotationMetadata().hasAnnotation(Component.class.getName())){
                        // 创建一个BeanDefinition
                        AbstractBeanDefinition bd = BeanDefinitionBuilder.genericBeanDefinition(reader.getClassMetadata().getClassName()).getBeanDefinition();
                        // 为BeanDefinition生成Bean Name
                        AnnotationBeanNameGenerator beanNameGenerator = new AnnotationBeanNameGenerator();
                        String beanName = beanNameGenerator.generateBeanName(bd, context.getDefaultListableBeanFactory());
                        // 将BeanDefinition加入到BeanFactory中
                        context.getDefaultListableBeanFactory().registerBeanDefinition(beanName, bd);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        context.refresh();
        System.out.println("===========");
        for(String name:context.getBeanDefinitionNames()){
            System.out.println(name);
        }
    }
}

运行结果如下:

com.cherry.a05.component.Bean2
是否加了@Component: true
是否加了@Component及其派生注解: false
com.cherry.a05.component.Bean3
是否加了@Component: true
是否加了@Component及其派生注解: false
com.cherry.a05.component.Bean4
是否加了@Component: false
是否加了@Component及其派生注解: true
09:19:43.994 [main] INFO com.cherry.a05.component.Bean2 -- 我被spring容器管理了...
09:19:44.011 [main] INFO com.cherry.a05.component.Bean3 -- 我被spring容器管理了...
09:19:44.012 [main] INFO com.cherry.a05.component.Bean4 -- 我被spring容器管理了...
===========
bean2
bean3
bean4

Process finished with exit code 0

把上述的组件扫描抽象出一个BeanFactoryPostProcessor:

public class ComponentScanPostProcessor implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor {
    // postProcessBeanFactory在context.refresh()时调用
    @Override
    public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory configurableListableBeanFactory) throws BeansException {
        try {
            //查找类上有没有加@ComponentScan注解
            ComponentScan componentScan = AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(Config.class, ComponentScan.class);
            if(componentScan != null){
                //获取注解上的属性(包路径)
                for (String p : componentScan.basePackages()) {
//                System.out.println(p);  // com.cherry.a05.component
                    // 修改包名转为路径 --> 子包下的所有的类
                    String packagePath = "classpath*:"+p.replace(".","/")+"/**/*.class";
                    // System.out.println(packagePath);
                    CachingMetadataReaderFactory factory = new CachingMetadataReaderFactory();
                    Resource[] resources = new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver().getResources(packagePath);
                    for(Resource res:resources){
                        // System.out.println(res);
                        MetadataReader reader = factory.getMetadataReader(res);
                        System.out.println(reader.getClassMetadata().getClassName());
                        // 判断是否加入了@Component
                        System.out.println("是否加了@Component: "+reader.getAnnotationMetadata().hasAnnotation(Component.class.getName()));
                        System.out.println("是否加了@Component及其派生注解: "+reader.getAnnotationMetadata().hasMetaAnnotation(Component.class.getName()));

                        if(reader.getAnnotationMetadata().hasMetaAnnotation(Component.class.getName()) ||
                                reader.getAnnotationMetadata().hasAnnotation(Component.class.getName())){
                            // 创建一个BeanDefinition
                            AbstractBeanDefinition bd = BeanDefinitionBuilder.genericBeanDefinition(reader.getClassMetadata().getClassName()).getBeanDefinition();
                            // 为BeanDefinition生成Bean Name
                            AnnotationBeanNameGenerator beanNameGenerator = new AnnotationBeanNameGenerator();
                            // 判断 configurableListableBeanFactory 是否为 DefaultListableBeanFactory 的实现
                            if (configurableListableBeanFactory instanceof DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory) {
                                String beanName = beanNameGenerator.generateBeanName(bd, beanFactory);
                                // 将BeanDefinition加入到BeanFactory中
                                beanFactory.registerBeanDefinition(beanName, bd);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        } catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

在主方法直接将bean工厂后处理器注册到bean工厂中即可:

context.registerBean(ComponentScanPostProcessor.class);

5.2 对@Bean注解的解析

将@Bean标注的方法变成BeanDefinition并加入到容器中。

@SpringBootApplication
public class A06ApplicationTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        GenericApplicationContext context = new GenericApplicationContext();
        context.registerBean("config",Config.class);
        CachingMetadataReaderFactory factory = new CachingMetadataReaderFactory();
        // 读取Config类的信息
        MetadataReader reader = factory.getMetadataReader(new ClassPathResource("com/cherry/a05/Config.class"));
        // 拿到所有被@Bean注解标记的方法
        Set<MethodMetadata> methods = reader.getAnnotationMetadata().getAnnotatedMethods(Bean.class.getName());
        for(MethodMetadata metadata:methods){
            System.out.println(metadata.toString());
            // 将方法信息生成对应的BeanDefinition
            BeanDefinitionBuilder builder = BeanDefinitionBuilder.genericBeanDefinition();
            builder.setFactoryMethodOnBean(metadata.getMethodName(), "config");
            builder.setAutowireMode(AbstractBeanDefinition.AUTOWIRE_CONSTRUCTOR);
            AbstractBeanDefinition bd = builder.getBeanDefinition();
            // 加入到BeanFactory中
            context.getDefaultListableBeanFactory().registerBeanDefinition(metadata.getMethodName(),bd);
        }

        context.refresh();
        System.out.println("===========");
        for(String name:context.getBeanDefinitionNames()){
            System.out.println(name);
        }
    }
}

5.3 对@Mapper注解的解析

public class MapperPostProcessor implements BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor {
    
    @Override
    public void postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry(BeanDefinitionRegistry beanFactory) {
        // 扫描Mapper包下的资源
        PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver resolver = new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver();
        try {
            Resource[] resources = resolver.getResources("classpath:com/cherry/a05/mapper/**/*.class");
            CachingMetadataReaderFactory metadataReaderFactory = new CachingMetadataReaderFactory();
            for(Resource res:resources){
                MetadataReader reader = metadataReaderFactory.getMetadataReader(res);
                ClassMetadata classMetadata = reader.getClassMetadata();
                // 判断是否为接口
                if (classMetadata.isInterface()) {
                    // 生成对应的 BeanDefinition
                    AbstractBeanDefinition bd = BeanDefinitionBuilder.genericBeanDefinition(MapperFactoryBean.class).
                            addConstructorArgValue(classMetadata.getClassName())
                            .setAutowireMode(AbstractBeanDefinition.AUTOWIRE_BY_TYPE)//设置自动装配
                            .getBeanDefinition();
                    AnnotationBeanNameGenerator generator = new AnnotationBeanNameGenerator();
                    String beanName = generator.generateBeanName(bd, beanFactory);
                    beanFactory.registerBeanDefinition(beanName, bd);
                }
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }

    }

    @Override
    public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {
        BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor.super.postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);
    }
}

标签:生命周期,System,class,Bean,处理器,context,println,public,out
From: https://www.cnblogs.com/lilyflower/p/18240615

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