基于Pandas

# 绘制图形时，须作一些基本设置
%config InlineBackend.figure_format='retina' # 提高图形显示的清晰度
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt # 加载基本绘图包
import pandas as pd
BSdata=pd.read_excel('data/BSdata.xlsx','Sheet1');BSdata #读取数据

4.2.2 基于 Pandas 的绘图

在pandas中，数据框有行标签、列标签及分组信息等，即要制作一张完整的图表，原本需要很多行matplotlib代码，现在只需一两条简洁的语句就可以了。

4.2.2.1 计量数据统计图

plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif']=['SimHei']; # 设置中文黑体
BSdata['Year'].plot(kind='line'); # 线图

BSdata['Year'].plot(kind='hist'); # 直方图

def stats(x):
    stat=[x.count(),x.min(),x.quantile(.25),x.mean(),x.median(),x.quantile(.75),x.max(),x.max()-x.min(),x.var(),x.std(),x.skew(),x.kurt()]
    stat=pd.Series(stat,index=['Count','Min','Q1(25%)','Mean','Median','Q3(75%)','Max','Range','Var','Std','Skew','Kurt'])
    return stat
stats(BSdata['Year'])

Count        25.000000
Min        2010.000000
Q1(25%)    2010.000000
Mean       2015.360000
Median     2015.000000
Q3(75%)    2019.000000
Max        2021.000000
Range        11.000000
Var          15.490000
Std           3.935734
Skew         -0.247878
Kurt         -1.361406
dtype: float64

BSdata['Year'].plot(kind='box'); # 箱型图

BSdata['Year'].plot(kind='hist') # 实际的

<AxesSubplot:ylabel='Frequency'>

BSdata['Year'].plot(kind='density',title='Density'); # 上面直方图的估计 理论的

BSdata[['Year','Value']].plot(subplots=True,layout=(1,2),kind='box');

BSdata[['Year','Value']].plot(subplots=True,layout=(1,2),kind='density');

C:\Users\Luna\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\backends\backend_agg.py:240: RuntimeWarning: Glyph 8722 missing from current font.
  font.set_text(s, 0.0, flags=flags)
C:\Users\Luna\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\backends\backend_agg.py:203: RuntimeWarning: Glyph 8722 missing from current font.
  font.set_text(s, 0, flags=flags)

BSdata[['Year','Value']].plot(subplots=True,layout=(2,1),kind='density',figsize=(10,10))

array([[<AxesSubplot:ylabel='Density'>],
       [<AxesSubplot:ylabel='Density'>]], dtype=object)



\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\backends\backend_agg.py:240: RuntimeWarning: Glyph 8722 missing from current font.
  font.set_text(s, 0.0, flags=flags)
\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\backends\backend_agg.py:203: RuntimeWarning: Glyph 8722 missing from current font.
  font.set_text(s, 0, flags=flags)

4.2.2.2 计数数据统计图

T1=BSdata['Series'].value_counts();T1

Population mid-year estimates (millions)                4
Population mid-year estimates for males (millions)      4
Population mid-year estimates for females (millions)    3
Sex ratio (males per 100 females)                       3
Population aged 0 to 14 years old (percentage)          3
Population aged 60+ years old (percentage)              3
Population density                                      3
Surface area (thousand km2)                             2
Name: Series, dtype: int64

pd.DataFrame({'频数':T1,'频率': T1/T1.sum()*100})

T1.plot(kind='bar');

T1.plot(kind='pie');