【django学习-27】media介绍与文件上传

• 前言：django开发过程中，有2个文件夹（也即：目录）比较特殊：static文件夹（目录）、media文件夹（目录）。

  • static目录：我们项目自己用到的文件（css、js、项目图片、插件），建议放在static目录下。
  • media目录：用户自己上传的文件等资源，建议放在media目录下。要想用media目录，必须先配置启用它。

• 1.media的配置

  • 1.1：在项目的同级目录下新建文件夹media
    
  • 1.2：在setting中配置

import os
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media')
MEDIA_URL = '/media/'

• 1.3:urls中配置

from django.urls import path, re_path
from django.views.static import serve
from django.conf import settings

urlpatterns = [
	re_path(r'^media/(?P<path>.*)$', serve, {'document_root': settings.MEDIA_ROOT}, name='media'),
]

• 2.上传混合数据(Form)

from django import forms
from app01.utils.bootstrap import BootStrapForm


class UpForm(BootStrapForm): 
    bootstrap_exclude_fields = ['img']     # img字段去除bootstrap样式

    name = forms.CharField(label="姓名")
    age = forms.IntegerField(label="年龄")
    img = forms.FileField(label="头像")


def upload_form(request):
    title = "Form上传"
    if request.method == "GET":
        form = UpForm()
        return render(request, 'upload_form.html', {"form": form, "title": title})

    form = UpForm(data=request.POST, files=request.FILES)
    if form.is_valid():
        # {'name': 'xwl', 'age': 123, 'img': <InMemoryUploadedFile: 图片 1.png (image/png)>}
        # 1.读取图片内容，写入到文件夹中并获取文件的路径。
        image_object = form.cleaned_data.get("img")

        # media_path = os.path.join(settings.MEDIA_ROOT, image_object.name)
        media_path = os.path.join("media", image_object.name)
        f = open(media_path, mode='wb')
        for chunk in image_object.chunks():
            f.write(chunk)
        f.close()

        # 2.将图片文件路径写入到数据库
        models.Boss.objects.create(
            name=form.cleaned_data['name'],
            age=form.cleaned_data['age'],
            img=media_path,
        )
        return HttpResponse("...")
    return render(request, 'upload_form.html', {"form": form, "title": title})

• 3.上传混合数据（ModalForm)
  • 3.1.models.py

class City(models.Model):
    """ 城市 """
    name = models.CharField(verbose_name="名称", max_length=32)
    count = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="人口")

    # 本质上数据库也是CharField，自动保存数据。
    img = models.FileField(verbose_name="Logo", max_length=128, upload_to='city/')

• 3.2:定义ModelForm

from app01.utils.bootstrap import BootStrapModelForm


class UpModelForm(BootStrapModelForm):
    bootstrap_exclude_fields = ['img']

    class Meta:
        model = models.City
        fields = "__all__"

• 3.3:视图函数

def upload_modal_form(request):
    """ 上传文件和数据（modelForm）"""
    title = "ModelForm上传文件"
    if request.method == "GET":
        form = UpModelForm()
        return render(request, 'upload_form.html', {"form": form, 'title': title})

    form = UpModelForm(data=request.POST, files=request.FILES)
    if form.is_valid():
        # 对于文件：自动保存；
        # 字段 + 上传路径写入到数据库
        form.save()
        
        return HttpResponse("成功")
    return render(request, 'upload_form.html', {"form": form, 'title': title})