一、黑盒监控
"白盒监控"--需要把对应的Exporter程序安装到被监控的目标主机上,从而实现对主机各种资源及其状态的数据采集工作。
但是由于某些情况下操作技术或其他原因,不是所有的Exporter都能部署到被监控的主机环境中,最典型的例子是监控全国网络质量的稳定性,通常的方法是使用ping操作,对选取的节点进行ICMP测试,此时不可能在他人应用环境中部署相关的Exporter程序。针对这样的应用的场景,Prometheus社区提供了黑盒解决方案,Blackbox Exporter无须安装在被监控的目标环境中,用户只需要将其安装在与Prometheus和被监控目标互通的环境中,通过HTTP、HTTPS、DNS、TCP、ICMP等方式对网络进行探测监控,还可以探测SSL证书过期时间。
blackbox_exporter:
- Prometheus 官方提供的 exporter 之一,可以提供 http、dns、tcp、icmp 的监控数据采集
二、安装方法
2.1 二进制安装(二选一)
https://prometheus.io/download/#blackbox_exporter
wget https://github.com/prometheus/blackbox_exporter/releases/download/v0.23.0/blackbox_exporter-0.23.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz tar zxvf blackbox_exporter-0.23.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz mkdir /opt/prometheus -p mv blackbox_exporter-0.23.0.linux-amd64 /opt/prometheus/blackbox_exporter # 创建用户 useradd -M -s /usr/sbin/nologin prometheus # 修改文件夹权限 chown prometheus:prometheus -R /opt/prometheus # 创建systemd服务 cat <<"EOF" >/etc/systemd/system/blackbox_exporter.service [Unit] Description=blackbox_exporter After=network.target [Service] Type=simple User=prometheus Group=prometheus ExecStart=/opt/prometheus/blackbox_exporter/blackbox_exporter \ --config.file "/opt/prometheus/blackbox_exporter/blackbox.yml" \ --web.listen-address ":9115" Restart=on-failure [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target EOF # 启动 systemctl daemon-reload systemctl start blackbox_exporter systemctl enable blackbox_exporter
2.2 docker安装(二选一)
创建配置文件,config.yml中监控方式用不到的可以删除,例如pop3、ssh之类
mkdir /data/blackbox_exporter/ cat >/data/blackbox_exporter/config.yml<<"EOF" modules: http_2xx: prober: http http: method: GET http_post_2xx: prober: http http: method: POST tcp_connect: prober: tcp pop3s_banner: prober: tcp tcp: query_response: - expect: "^+OK" tls: true tls_config: insecure_skip_verify: false grpc: prober: grpc grpc: tls: true preferred_ip_protocol: "ip4" grpc_plain: prober: grpc grpc: tls: false service: "service1" ssh_banner: prober: tcp tcp: query_response: - expect: "^SSH-2.0-" - send: "SSH-2.0-blackbox-ssh-check" irc_banner: prober: tcp tcp: query_response: - send: "NICK prober" - send: "USER prober prober prober :prober" - expect: "PING :([^ ]+)" send: "PONG ${1}" - expect: "^:[^ ]+ 001" icmp: prober: icmp icmp_ttl5: prober: icmp timeout: 5s icmp: ttl: 5 EOF
删除不需要的可以留下:
cat config.yml modules: http_2xx: prober: http http: method: GET http_post_2xx: prober: http http: method: POST tcp_connect: prober: tcp icmp: prober: icmp
cf代理状态码非200
http_2xx: prober: http timeout: 5s http: method: GET preferred_ip_protocol: "ip4"
注意:使用preferred_ip_protocol: "ip4" 可以检测cf代理目标在 cloudflare 后面,状态码非200
2.2.1 docker直接运行
sudo docker run -d --restart=always --name blackbox-exporter -p 9115:9115 -v /data/blackbox_exporter:/etc/blackbox_exporter prom/blackbox-exporter:v0.19.0 --config.file=/etc/blackbox_exporter/config.yml
2.2.2 docker-compose运行
cd /data/blackbox_exporter/ cat >docker-compose.yaml <<"EOF" version: '3.3' services: blackbox_exporter: image: prom/blackbox-exporter container_name: blackbox_exporter restart: always volumes: - /data/blackbox_exporter:/etc/blackbox_exporter ports: - 9115:9115 EOF
启动:docker-compose up -d
查看状态:http://192.168.10.100:9115/
3. Prometheus配置
配置prometheus去采集(拉取)blackbox_exporter的监控样本数据
cd /data/docker-prometheus cat >> prometheus/prometheus.yml <<"EOF" #http配置 - job_name: "blackbox_http" metrics_path: /probe params: module: [http_2xx] static_configs: - targets: - https://www.baidu.com - https://www.jd.com relabel_configs: - source_labels: [__address__] target_label: __param_target - source_labels: [__param_target] target_label: instance - target_label: __address__ replacement: 192.168.10.100:9115 #tcp检查配置 - job_name: "blackbox_tcp" metrics_path: /probe params: module: [tcp_connect] static_configs: - targets: - 192.168.10.14:22 - 192.168.10.14:9090 relabel_configs: - source_labels: [__address__] target_label: __param_target - source_labels: [__param_target] target_label: instance - target_label: __address__ replacement: 192.168.10.100:9115 #icmp检查配置 ping - job_name: "blackbox_icmp" metrics_path: /probe params: module: [icmp] static_configs: - targets: - 192.168.10.14 - 192.168.10.100 relabel_configs: - source_labels: [__address__] target_label: __param_target - source_labels: [__param_target] target_label: instance - target_label: __address__ replacement: 192.168.10.100:9115 EOF
重新加载配置:curl -X POST http://localhost:9090/-/reload
检查:
http://192.168.10.14:9090/targets?search=
3.1 监控项
probe_ probe_success # 是否探测成功(取值 1、0 分别表示成功、失败) probe_duration_seconds # 探测的耗时 # 关于 DNS probe_dns_lookup_time_seconds # DNS 解析的耗时 probe_ip_protocol # IP 协议,取值为 4、6 probe_ip_addr_hash # IP 地址的哈希值,用于判断 IP 是否变化 # 关于 HTTP probe_http_status_code # HTTP 响应的状态码。如果发生重定向,则取决于最后一次响应 probe_http_content_length # HTTP 响应的 body 长度,单位 bytes probe_http_version # HTTP 响应的协议版本,比如 1.1 probe_http_ssl # HTTP 响应是否采用 SSL ,取值为 1、0 probe_ssl_earliest_cert_expiry # SSL 证书的过期时间,为 Unix 时间戳
3.2 触发器配置
添加blackbox_exporter触发器告警规则
cat >> prometheus/rules/blackbox_exporter.yml <<"EOF" groups: - name: Blackbox rules: - alert: 黑盒子探测失败告警 expr: probe_success == 0 for: 1m labels: severity: critical annotations: summary: "黑盒子探测失败{{ $labels.instance }}" description: "黑盒子检测失败,当前值:{{ $value }}" - alert: 请求慢告警 expr: avg_over_time(probe_duration_seconds[1m]) > 1 for: 1m labels: severity: warning annotations: summary: "请求慢{{ $labels.instance }}" description: "请求时间超过1秒,值为:{{ $value }}" - alert: http状态码检测失败 expr: probe_http_status_code <= 199 OR probe_http_status_code >= 400 for: 1m labels: severity: critical annotations: summary: "http状态码检测失败{{ $labels.instance }}" description: "HTTP状态码非 200-399,当前状态码为:{{ $value }}" - alert: ssl证书即将到期 expr: probe_ssl_earliest_cert_expiry - time() < 86400 * 30 for: 1m labels: severity: warning annotations: summary: "证书即将到期{{ $labels.instance }}" description: "SSL 证书在 30 天后到期,值:{{ $value }}" - alert: ssl证书即将到期 expr: probe_ssl_earliest_cert_expiry - time() < 86400 * 3 for: 1m labels: severity: critical annotations: summary: "证书即将到期{{ $labels.instance }}" description: "SSL 证书在 3 天后到期,值:{{ $value }}" - alert: ssl证书已过期 expr: probe_ssl_earliest_cert_expiry - time() <= 0 for: 1m labels: severity: critical annotations: summary: "证书已过期{{ $labels.instance }}" description: "SSL 证书已经过期,请确认是否在使用" EOF
检查配置并加载:
docker exec -it prometheus promtool check config /etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml curl -X POST http://localhost:9090/-/reload
http://192.168.10.14:9090/rules
http://192.168.10.14:9090/alerts?search=
4.grafana dashboard图形化展示
https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/13659-blackbox-exporter-http-prober/
https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/9965
检测总耗时 和 HTTP状态占比 这2个图形,显示异常检测总耗时这个图行点编辑---找到Options
--把Legend里面的值从{{env}}_{{name}}
修改为{{instance}}
标签:11,exporter,http,probe,prometheus,监控,blackbox From: https://www.cnblogs.com/yangmeichong/p/18156586