标签：different Computational power form storage GHz --- 内核 计算能力

52 Things: Number 3: Computational and storage power of different form factors

52 件事： 数字 3：不同外形尺寸的计算和存储能力

This is the third in a series of blog posts to address the list of '52 Things Every PhD Student Should Know' to do Cryptography. The set of questions has been compiled to give PhD candidates a sense of what they should know by the end of their first year. We will be presenting answers to each of the questions over the next year, one per week, and I am the student assigned to the third question:
这是一系列博客文章中的第三篇，旨在解决“每个博士生都应该知道的 52 件事”来做密码学。这套问题经过汇编，旨在让博士生在第一年结束时了解他们应该知道什么。在接下来的一年里，我们将每周回答一个问题，我是分配给第三个问题的学生：
Q3: Estimate the relative computational and storage capabilities of
Q3：估计

• a smart-card 智能卡
• a micro-controller (i.e. a sensor node)
  微控制器（即传感器节点）
• an embedded or mobile computer (e.g., a mobile phone or PDA)
  嵌入式或移动计算机（例如，移动电话或PDA）
• a laptop- or desktop-class computer.
  笔记本电脑或台式计算机。

To measure the computational capability of a device we could assess the clock speed of its processors. This may be misleading if the processor enables some form of parallelism---two cores running at 2 GHz obviously possess more computational power than a single core running at 2 GHz, and so finding a direct quantitative measure is not a realistic expectation. For specific devices like general purpose graphics cards, often the total FLOPS (floating point operations per second) the device is capable of sustaining is reported (for either single or double precision arithmetic) but even this measure is not a particularly reliable choice when applied to any given problem---indeed, some services facilitate a comparison by benchmarking the performance of different devices on a variety of problem instances---see, for example, CompuBench. Fortunately the range of capabilities of the devices included in the question makes a sufficient answer less dependent on quantitative metrics.
　　为了衡量设备的计算能力，我们可以评估其处理器的时钟速度。如果处理器启用某种形式的并行性，这可能会产生误导---运行在 2 GHz 下的两个内核显然比运行在 2 GHz 的单个内核具有更多的计算能力，因此找到直接的定量测量不是一个现实的期望。对于通用显卡等特定设备，通常会报告设备能够维持的总 FLOPS（每秒浮点运算）（对于单精度或双精度算术），但当应用于任何给定问题时，即使这种度量也不是特别可靠的选择---事实上，某些服务通过对不同设备在各种问题实例上的性能进行基准测试来促进比较---请参阅， 例如，CompuBench。幸运的是，问题中包含的设备的功能范围使得充分的答案对定量指标的依赖性降低。
A measure for the storage capabilities of each device is much simpler to find: we can simply compare the approximate number of bytes of information the device is capable of holding on permanent storage.
　　每个设备的存储能力的度量要容易得多：我们可以简单地比较设备能够在永久存储中保存的信息的大致字节数。
A smart-card is the least computationally powerful device: obviously clock speeds vary for different implementations, but one might expect to see around a 20 MHz core speed. In terms of storage, a typical smart-card might have around 2 kilobytes (KiB) available.
　　智能卡是计算能力最低的设备：显然，不同实现的时钟速度各不相同，但人们可能会期望看到大约 20 MHz 的核心速度。在存储方面，典型的智能卡可能有大约 2 KB （KiB） 的可用容量。
A microcontroller is "a small computer on a single integrated circuit containing a processor core, memory, and programmable input/output peripherals" [1]. The range of storage and compute capability available will vary significantly according to the exact definition of microcontroller, but taking the suggested sensor node as an example, a typical microcontroller is likely to have similar computational capabilities as a smart-card and slightly more storage available, perhaps in the order of a few KiB to a few megabytes (MiB).
　　微控制器是“单个集成电路上的小型计算机，包含处理器内核、存储器和可编程输入/输出外设”[1]。根据微控制器的确切定义，可用的存储和计算能力范围将有很大差异，但以建议的传感器节点为例，典型的微控制器可能具有与智能卡相似的计算能力，并且可用的存储空间略多，可能在几千字节到几兆字节 （MiB） 的量级。
A mobile computer such as a mobile phone has significantly more storage and computing power, and the amount of power available is rapidly increasing over time. Taking the 2008 iPhone and the 2013 Nexus 5 phone as an example, the iPhone used a 412 MHz 32-bit RISC ARM core, and the Nexus 5 CPU used is a 2.3 GHz quad-core processor. In terms of storage, if we ignore the ability of some phones to use removable storage, then a high-end phone in 2013 might expect to provide in the order of 16 to 32 gigabytes (GiB) of storage
　　移动计算机（如移动电话）具有更高的存储和计算能力，并且可用的功率会随着时间的推移而迅速增加。以 2008 年的 iPhone 和 2013 年的 Nexus 5 手机为例，iPhone 使用的是 412 MHz 32 位 RISC ARM 内核，使用的 Nexus 5 CPU 是 2.3 GHz 四核处理器。在存储方面，如果我们忽略某些手机使用可移动存储的能力，那么2013年的高端手机可能会提供16到32千兆字节（GiB）的存储
Finally, most laptop or desktop class computers are likely to have more processing power than a mobile phone: the high-end Intel "Haswell" i7 4960K processor contains 4 cores each clocked at 4 GHz, and the AMD "Piledriver" FX-9590 CPU contains 8 cores at 4.7 GHz---note that a direct comparison between these two processors requires more than just assessing core counts and clock speeds! There are other factors that can affect the computing capabilities of a desktop or laptop computer---in particular, the addition of a graphics processing unit can, for certain problems, provide a large increase in performance. The storage capacity of a laptop or desktop can vary tremendously, but a typical amount of storage in a consumer machine might be between hundreds of gigabytes and several terabytes (TiB)---the largest single hard drive capacities are now around 8 TiB.
　　最后，大多数笔记本电脑或台式机类计算机的处理能力可能比手机更高：高端英特尔“Haswell”i7 4960K 处理器包含 4 个内核，每个内核的时钟频率为 4 GHz，而 AMD“打桩机”FX-9590 CPU 包含 8 个内核，频率为 4.7 GHz---请注意，这两个处理器之间的直接比较需要的不仅仅是评估内核数量和时钟速度！还有其他因素会影响台式机或笔记本电脑的计算能力---特别是，对于某些问题，添加图形处理单元可以大大提高性能。笔记本电脑或台式机的存储容量可能会有很大差异，但消费类计算机的典型存储量可能在数百 GB 到几 TB （TiB） 之间---最大的单个硬盘容量现在约为 8 TiB。

标签：different,Computational,power,form,storage,GHz,---,内核,计算能力
From： https://www.cnblogs.com/3cH0-Nu1L/p/18104650