qemu运行树莓派系统

去树莓派官网下载需要的镜像 https://downloads.raspberrypi.com/

Go to the Raspberry PI website to download the required image -> https://downloads.raspberrypi.com/

看你的需求选armhf或者arm64

Choose armhf or arm64 depending on your needs

​​	raspios_arm64/	-
​​	raspios_armhf/	-
​​	raspios_full_arm64/	-
​​	raspios_full_armhf/	-
​​	raspios_lite_arm64/	-
​​	raspios_lite_armhf/

转换 img 到 qcow2

Convert img to qcow2

qemu-img convert -f raw 2024-03-15-raspios-bookworm-armhf-lite.img -O qcow2 raspios-bookworm-armhf-lite.qcow2

扩容到128G

Expand the capacity of qcow2 to 128 GB

qemu-img resize disk.qcow2 +128G

使用qemu-nbd挂载qcow2，修改里面的一些文件

Mount qcow2 using qemu-nbd and modify some files

sudo modprobe nbd
sudo qemu-nbd --connect /dev/nbd1 raspios-bookworm-armhf-lite.qcow2
sudo mount /dev/nbd1p2 /mnt

把fstab改成这个

Change fstab

proc            /proc           proc    defaults          0       0
LABEL=rootfs	/               ext4    defaults,noatime  0       1

然后自己生成一个用户加到passwd和shadow不然等下启动会没法登录到系统，我本机有个用户叫 r00t，我就直接复制过来了，一样的密码。根据自己的情况变换，也可以给shadow中的root生成一个密码

Then generate a user and add it to passwd and shadow, otherwise it will not be able to log in to the system after the startup. There is a user named r00t on my machine, so I directly copy it over with the same password. Depending on your situation, you can also generate a password for root in shadow

sudo sh -c "sudo cat /etc/passwd | grep r00t >> /mnt/etc/passwd"
sudo sh -c "sudo cat /etc/shadow | grep r00t >> /mnt/etc/shadow"

然后把用户加入 sudoers，不然启动之后没法使用 sudo

Then add the user to sudoers, otherwise you won't be able to use sudo once started

修改完了之后取消挂载

After the modification is complete, cancel the mount

sudo umount /mnt
sudo qemu-nbd --disconnect /dev/nbd1

启动试试，这里我用的 https://people.debian.org/~gio/dqib/ 的 armhf-virt 的 kernel 和 initrd

Start a try, here I am using https://people.debian.org/~gio/dqib/ armhf - virt kernel and initrd

qemu-system-arm -machine 'virt' -cpu 'cortex-a15' -m 1G -device virtio-blk-device,drive=hd -drive file=2024-03-15-raspios-bookworm-armhf-lite.qcow2,if=none,id=hd -device virtio-net-device,netdev=net -netdev user,id=net,hostfwd=tcp::2222-:22 -kernel kernel -initrd initrd -nographic -append "root=LABEL=rootfs console=ttyAMA0"

因为img镜像直接转换成qcow2相当与使用dd克隆了分区，我们扩展的空间没被使用，可以在启动之后可以用 raspi-config 去扩容根文件系统

Since converting the img image directly to qcow2 is equivalent to cloning the partition using dd, our extended space is not used, and you can use pfi-config to expand the root file system after booting

sudo raspi-config

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