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Kafka集群部署

时间:2024-03-21 16:33:18浏览次数:24  
标签:opt log 部署 zookeeper kafka 集群 3.1 Kafka 2.13

目录

Kafka集群部署

  • 上一章中已经介绍了Kafka的单一部署,所以这里我们直接开始集群部署

  • 注意事项:

    • 集群的数量不是越多越好,最好不要超过 7 个,因为节点越多,集群之间的消息复制需要的时间就越长,整个群组的吞吐量就越低。
    • 集群数量最好是单数,因为超过一半故障集群就不能用了,设置为单数容错率更高
  • 本次集群部署在3台服务器上

    • 步骤为:
    1. 先为所有服务器上安装JDK,配置IP地址和主机名映射(不是新服务器的话,映射一般不用做)
    2. 在服务器1上安装配置好kafka
    3. 将服务器1上kafka解压后的配置好的整个文件拷贝到其他几台服务器
    4. 修改其他几台服务器上的配置
    5. 启动各个节点的kafka,测试集群功能

1.1 服务器资源

node 系统 IP Jdk Zookeeper Kafka
node1 centos7 192.168.101.201 jdk1.8.0_333 Zk1 Broker0
node2 centos7 192.168.100.202 jdk1.8.0_333 Zk2 Broker1
node3 centos7 192.168.101.203 jdk1.8.0_333 Zk3 Broker2

1.1.1 安装JDK(所有设备)

1.1.2 配置ip和主机名映射(所有服务器)(可不做)

  • 一般不是新服务器的话,不用做这步
# node1
vim /etc/hosts
192.168.101.201 node1
# node2
vim /etc/hosts
192.168.100.202 node2
# node3
vim /etc/hosts
192.168.101.203 node3

1.1.3 配置主机名(所有设备)(可不做)

  • 一般不是新服务器的话,不用做这步
两种方法:
方法一:
vim /etc/sysconfig/network

NETWORKING=yes
hostname=主机名

方法二:
hostnamectl set-hostname 主机名


注意:上面两种方法都需重启设备使配置生效:init 6 或 reboot

1.2 在node1上安装、配置kafka

1.2.1 安装kafka

  • 按照 kafka的安装和使用 中的步骤,下载kafka,这里下载的kafka版本为kafka_2.13-3.1.1
  • 将下载好的二进制包放到 /opt/ 目录下,解压之后的目录结构为/opt/kafka_2.13-3.1.1
tar -zxvf kafka_2.13-3.1.1.tgz -C /opt/

1.2.2 修改配置文件

  • 按照你自己的业务需求配置,这里只作参考

  • # cd到下面的目录,修改配置文件server.properties
    cd /opt/kafka_2.13-3.1.1/config/ 
    

1.2.2.1 修改zookeeper.properties

#dataDir是zookeeper持久化数据存放的目录
dataDir=/opt/var/kafka_2.13-3.1.1/zookeeper/data
#zookeeper日志文件
dataLogDir=/opt/var/log/kafka_2.13-3.1.1/zookeeper-logs
clientPort=2181
maxClientCnxns=100
#配置单元时间。这个时间是作为 Zookeeper 服务器之间或客户端与服务器之间维持心跳的时间间隔,也就是每个 tickTime 时间就会发送一个心跳。
tickTime=20
#节点的初始化时间。这里指的是Zookeeper服务器集群中连接到Leader的Follower服务器,当已经超过指定的心跳的时间长度后,zookeeper 服务器还没有收到客户端的返回信息,那么表明这个客户端连接失败。该参数是参数tickTime的5倍,也就是说总的时间长度就是 10*2000=20 秒
initLimit=10
#心跳最大延迟周期。这个配置项标识 Leader 与Follower 之间发送消息,请求和应答时间长度,最长不能超过多少个 tickTime 的时间长度,总的时间长度就是5*2000=10秒
syncLimit=5

# 上面1.1.2步骤中,做不做主机和ip的映射都可以直接写ip:2888:3888的格式。只有做了映射的可以简写成如server.1=node1:2888:3888
server.1=node1:2888:3888
server.2=node2:2888:3888
server.3=node3:2888:3888

1.2.2.2 配置Zookeeper的id

cd /opt/var/kafka_2.13-3.1.1/zookeeper/data

# 创建myid文件
vim myid


# myid对应配置文件zookeeper.properties里相应的server号
例如下面的配置中:node1的myid就是1,node2是2,node3则是3
server.1=node1:2888:3888
server.2=node2:2888:3888
server.3=node3:2888:3888

1.2.2.3 修改server.properties

# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

#
# This configuration file is intended for use in ZK-based mode, where Apache ZooKeeper is required.
# See kafka.server.KafkaConfig for additional details and defaults
#

############################# Server Basics #############################

# The id of the broker. This must be set to a unique integer for each broker.
#当前机器在集群中的唯一标识,每一台都不一样,和zookeeper的myid性质一样
broker.id=0

############################# Socket Server Settings #############################

# The address the socket server listens on. If not configured, the host name will be equal to the value of
# java.net.InetAddress.getCanonicalHostName(), with PLAINTEXT listener name, and port 9092.
#   FORMAT:
#     listeners = listener_name://host_name:port
#   EXAMPLE:
#     listeners = PLAINTEXT://your.host.name:9092
# 指定监听的地址及端口号,该配置项是指定内网ip
#listeners=PLAINTEXT://:9092
listeners=PLAINTEXT://192.168.101.201:9092

# Listener name, hostname and port the broker will advertise to clients.
# If not set, it uses the value for "listeners".
# 如果需要开放外网访问,则在该配置项指定外网ip
#advertised.listeners=PLAINTEXT://your.host.name:9092

# Maps listener names to security protocols, the default is for them to be the same. See the config documentation for more details
#listener.security.protocol.map=PLAINTEXT:PLAINTEXT,SSL:SSL,SASL_PLAINTEXT:SASL_PLAINTEXT,SASL_SSL:SASL_SSL


# The number of threads that the server uses for receiving requests from the network and sending responses to the network
#broker通过网络接收请求和发送响应的线程数

num.network.threads=3

# The number of threads that the server uses for processing requests, which may include disk I/O
#broker进行I/O处理的线程数
num.io.threads=8

# The send buffer (SO_SNDBUF) used by the socket server
#发送缓冲区buffer大小,数据不是一下子就发送的,先回存储到缓冲区了到达一定的大小后在发送,能提高性能
socket.send.buffer.bytes=102400

# The receive buffer (SO_RCVBUF) used by the socket server
#kafka接收缓冲区大小,当数据到达一定大小后在序列化到磁盘
socket.receive.buffer.bytes=102400

# The maximum size of a request that the socket server will accept (protection against OOM)
#这个参数是向kafka请求消息或者向kafka发送消息的请请求的最大数,这个值不能超过java的堆栈大小
socket.request.max.bytes=104857600


############################# Log Basics #############################

# A comma separated list of directories under which to store log files
#消息存放的目录,这个目录可以配置为“,”逗号分割的表达式,上面的num.io.threads要大于这个目录的个数,如果配置多个目录,新创建的topic他把消息持久化的地方是,当前以逗号分割的目录中,那个分区数最少就放那一个
log.dirs=/opt/var/log/kafka_2.13-3.1.1/kafka-logs

# The default number of log partitions per topic. More partitions allow greater
# parallelism for consumption, but this will also result in more files across
# the brokers.
#默认的分区数,一个topic默认1个分区数
num.partitions=1

# The number of threads per data directory to be used for log recovery at startup and flushing at shutdown.
# This value is recommended to be increased for installations with data dirs located in RAID array.
#用来恢复和刷新data下数据的线程数
num.recovery.threads.per.data.dir=1

############################# Internal Topic Settings  #############################
# The replication factor for the group metadata internal topics "__consumer_offsets" and "__transaction_state"
# For anything other than development testing, a value greater than 1 is recommended to ensure availability such as 3.
#每个topic创建时的副本数,默认是1,生产建议大于1,比如3.
offsets.topic.replication.factor=1
transaction.state.log.replication.factor=1
transaction.state.log.min.isr=1

############################# Log Flush Policy #############################

# Messages are immediately written to the filesystem but by default we only fsync() to sync
# the OS cache lazily. The following configurations control the flush of data to disk.
# There are a few important trade-offs here:
#    1. Durability: Unflushed data may be lost if you are not using replication.
#    2. Latency: Very large flush intervals may lead to latency spikes when the flush does occur as there will be a lot of data to flush.
#    3. Throughput: The flush is generally the most expensive operation, and a small flush interval may lead to excessive seeks.
# The settings below allow one to configure the flush policy to flush data after a period of time or
# every N messages (or both). This can be done globally and overridden on a per-topic basis.

# The number of messages to accept before forcing a flush of data to disk
#log.flush.interval.messages=10000

# The maximum amount of time a message can sit in a log before we force a flush
#log.flush.interval.ms=1000

############################# Log Retention Policy #############################

# The following configurations control the disposal of log segments. The policy can
# be set to delete segments after a period of time, or after a given size has accumulated.
# A segment will be deleted whenever *either* of these criteria are met. Deletion always happens
# from the end of the log.

# The minimum age of a log file to be eligible for deletion due to age
#默认消息的最大持久化时间,168小时,7天
log.retention.hours=168

# A size-based retention policy for logs. Segments are pruned from the log unless the remaining
# segments drop below log.retention.bytes. Functions independently of log.retention.hours.
#log.retention.bytes=1073741824

# The maximum size of a log segment file. When this size is reached a new log segment will be created.
#kafka的消息是以追加的形式落地到文件,每个segment文件大小,当超过这个值的时候,kafka会新起一个文件,默认是1G
#log.segment.bytes=1073741824

# The interval at which log segments are checked to see if they can be deleted according
# to the retention policies
#每隔300000毫秒去检查上面配置的log失效时间(log.retention.hours=168 ),到目录查看是否有过期的消息如果有,删除
log.retention.check.interval.ms=300000
############################# Zookeeper #############################

# Zookeeper connection string (see zookeeper docs for details).
# This is a comma separated host:port pairs, each corresponding to a zk
# server. e.g. "127.0.0.1:3000,127.0.0.1:3001,127.0.0.1:3002".
# You can also append an optional chroot string to the urls to specify the
# root directory for all kafka znodes.
zookeeper.connect=192.168.101.201:2181,192.168.100.202:2181,192.168.101.203:2181  # 上面1.1.2步骤中,做不做主机和ip的映射都可以直接写ip:port的格式。只有做了映射的可以简写成 zookeeper.connect=node1:2181,node2:2181,node3:2181

# Timeout in ms for connecting to zookeeper
zookeeper.connection.timeout.ms=18000


############################# Group Coordinator Settings #############################

# The following configuration specifies the time, in milliseconds, that the GroupCoordinator will delay the initial consumer rebalance.
# The rebalance will be further delayed by the value of group.initial.rebalance.delay.ms as new members join the group, up to a maximum of max.poll.interval.ms.
# The default value for this is 3 seconds.
# We override this to 0 here as it makes for a better out-of-the-box experience for development and testing.
# However, in production environments the default value of 3 seconds is more suitable as this will help to avoid unnecessary, and potentially expensive, rebalances during application startup.
group.initial.rebalance.delay.ms=0

1.2.2.4 手动创建目录

  • 注意:上面配置文件里的目录,配置完成后要手动创建好

    • # kafka日志目录
      mkdir -p /opt/var/log/kafka_2.13-3.1.1/kafka-logs
      
      # zookeeper数据目录
      mkdir -p /opt/var/kafka_2.13-3.1.1/zookeeper/data
      
      # zookeeper日志目录
      mkdir -p /opt/var/log/kafka_2.13-3.1.1/zookeeper-logs
      

1.2.3 创建kafka用户

  • 其实也可以不用创建单独的kafka用户,一般的非root账户安装配置kafka也行,但是注意确保kafka的安装目录和日志目录,还有zookeeper的data目录和日志目录为同一个用户和用户组。
  • 其他服务器上的kafka最好也和node1的用户、用户组相同
sudo groupadd kafka
sudo useradd  -g kafka
chown -R kafka:kafka /opt/kafka_2.13-3.1.1/  # kafka安装目录的授权
chown -R kafka:kafka /opt/var/log/kafka_2.13-3.1.1/  # kafka和zookeeper的日志目录的授权
chown -R kafka:kafka /opt/var/kafka_2.13-3.1.1  # zookeeper数据目录的授权

1.4 配置其他服务器

  • 将上面node1的kafka安装目录和拷贝到node2、node3上

  • node2、node3节点上需要修改的几个地方就是:

    • zookeeper的myid文件,kafka配置文件中的broker.id,listeners,advertised.listeners

    • 创建用户和目录并授权

      • 1. 创建目录
        mkdir -p /opt/var/log/kafka_2.13-3.1.1/kafka-logs
        
        mkdir -p /opt/var/kafka_2.13-3.1.1/zookeeper/data
        
        mkdir -p /opt/var/log/kafka_2.13-3.1.1/zookeeper-logs
        
        2. 创建用户并将目录给用户授权
        sudo groupadd kafka
        sudo useradd  -g kafka
        chown -R kafka:kafka /opt/kafka_2.13-3.1.1/  # kafka安装目录的授权
        chown -R kafka:kafka /opt/var/log/kafka_2.13-3.1.1/  # kafka和zookeeper的日志目录的授权
        chown -R kafka:kafka /opt/var/kafka_2.13-3.1.1  # zookeeper数据目录的授权
        

1.5 配置环境变量(所有设备)(可不做)

  • 配置环境变量只是为了让以后的用命令操作kafka更便捷,但是不配置的话,直接写全路径即可
vim /etc/profile

#KAFKA_HOME
export KAFKA_HOME=/opt/kafka_2.13-3.1.1
export PATH=$PATH:$KAFKA_HOME/bin

source /etc/profile  # 重新加载环境变量,使之生效

1.6 启动zookeeper和Kafka(所有设备)

  • kafka的安装目录/opt/kafka_2.13-3.1.1/bin下,有启动、停止zookeeper和kafka的脚本

1.6.1 启动zookeeper

  • 分别启动(可以先前台启动,看看启动会是否成功,再用后台启动)

  • 注:前台启动第一个的时候会有连接不到后两个的警告,应该是正常的,因为后两个还没启

# 前台启动
cd进入kafka安装目录
bin/zookeeper-server-start.sh config/zookeeper.properties  # 配置了环境变量即可省略/opt/kafka_2.13-3.1.1/bin,但是写全路径肯定不会错

# 后台启动命令,有两种
cd进入kafka安装目录

bin/zookeeper-server-start.sh -daemon config/zookeeper.properties
#或者
nohup bin/zookeeper-server-start.sh config/zookeeper.properties &

1.6.2 启动kafka

  • 分别在每台机器上启动(可以先前台启动,看看启动会是否成功,再用后台启动)
# 前台启动
cd进入kafka安装目录
bin/kafka-server-start.sh config/server.properties  # 配置了环境变量即可省略/opt/kafka_2.13-3.1.1/bin,但是写全路径肯定不会错

# 后台启动命令
cd进入kafka安装目录
bin/kafka-server-start.sh -daemon config/server.properties
#或者
nohup bin/kafka-server-start.sh config/server.properties &

1.7 测试

1.7.1 简单测试

  • 验证Kafka是否启动成功,在所有服务器上执行 jps 命令:
jps  # jps命令是java提供的一个显示当前所有java进程pid的命令,适合在linux/unix平台上简单察看当前java进程的一些简单情况

# 输出如下,有Kafka,表示启动成功
11027 QuorumPeerMain
12263 Kafka
12347 Jps

1.7.2 生产消费测试

  1. 添加一个topic
  2. 起一个终端创建一个消费者
  3. 在任意服务器上新起一个终端创建一个生产者,并输入一个消息
  4. 若在刚才的消费者终端看到我们刚才输入的消息,即表示kafka运行正常

1.8 扩展(配置systemctl)

  • 这项可做可不做,主要目的是用来制作开机自启的

1.8.1 制作kafka.service

vim /etc/systemd/system/kafka.service


[Unit]
Description=kafka
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
LimitNOFILE=65535
LimitNPROC=65535
Environment=JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_333  # 写你自己的jdk路径
User=kafka  # 写你自己安装kafka的用户
Group=kafka  # 写你自己安装kafka的用户,其所属用户组
ExecStart=/opt/kafka_2.13-3.1.1/bin/kafka-server-start.sh  /opt/kafka_2.13-3.1.1/config/server.properties
ExecStop=/opt/kafka_2.13-3.1.1/bin/kafka-server-stop.sh
Restart=always
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

1.8.2 加入开机自启服务

systemctl enable kafka
systemctl start kafka

标签:opt,log,部署,zookeeper,kafka,集群,3.1,Kafka,2.13
From: https://www.cnblogs.com/Mcoming/p/18087677

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