confine, "to border on, have a common boundary," a sense now obsolete, from French confiner "to border; to shut up, enclose," which is perhaps from the noun confins or from Medieval Latin confinare "border on; set bounds." Sense of "restrict within bounds, keep within limits" is from 1590s.
- define [Origin: definer, from Latin definire, from finire 'to limit, end']
- When boundaries between countries are not clearly defined, there is usually trouble.
- “下定义”的手段之一是排除，“猫不是树”、“猫不是家具”、“猫不是狗”……
Confinement may refer to:
With respect to humans:
- An old-fashioned or archaic synonym for childbirth
- Postpartum (postnatal) confinement, a system of recovery after childbirth, involving rest and special foods
- Civil confinement for psychiatric patients
- Solitary confinement, a strict form of imprisonment
- The confinement of an animal specimen in a zoo
In physics:
- Color confinement, the physical principle explaining the non-observation of color charged particles like free quarks. In quantum chromodynamics (QCD), color confinement, often simply called confinement, is the phenomenon that color-charged particles (such as quarks and gluons) cannot be isolated, and therefore cannot be directly observed in normal conditions. Quantum chromodynamics is a theory of the strong nuclear force. 在量子色动力学中，人们提出夸克还具有另一种内部自由度，它可以取三种不同的状态，人们借用光学中的词汇称它们有三种不同的色。
- Confinement of thermonuclear plasmas, as a requirement to obtain fusion energy
- In condensed matter physics, a confined liquid is a liquid that is subject to geometric constraints on a nanoscopic scale so that most molecules are close enough to an interface to sense some difference from standard bulk liquid conditions. Typical examples are liquids in porous media, gels, or bound in solvation shells.
- A porous medium (or a porous material) is a material containing pores (voids). The skeletal portion of the material is often called the "matrix" or "frame." The pores are typically filled with a fluid (liquid or gas). The skeletal material is usually a solid, but structures like foams are often also usefully analyzed using concept of porous media.
- A solvation shell or solvation sheath is the solvent interface of any chemical compound or biomolecule that constitutes the solute. When the solvent is water it is often referred to as a hydration shell or hydration sphere. The number of solvent molecules surrounding each unit of solute is called the hydration number of the solute.
- Quantum confinement is the spatial confinement of electron–hole pairs (excitons) in one or more dimensions within a material, and also electronic energy levels are discrete. It is due to the confinement of the electronic wave function to the physical dimensions of the particles.
Solitary confinement is a form of imprisonment distinguished by living in single cells with little or no meaningful contact to other inmates, strict measures to control contraband, and the use of additional security measures and equipment. It is specifically designed for disruptive inmates who are security risks to other inmates, the prison staff, or the prison itself. It is mostly employed for violations of discipline, such as violence against others, or as a measure of protection for inmates whose safety is threatened by other inmates.
According to a 2017 review study, "a robust scientific literature has established the negative psychological effects of solitary confinement", leading to "an emerging consensus among correctional as well as professional, mental health, legal, and human rights organizations to drastically limit the use of solitary confinement." The United Nations considers solitary confinement exceeding 15 days to be torture.
The practice of solitary confinement traces its origins back to the 19th century when Quakers in Pennsylvania used this method as a substitution for public punishments.
The Guantanamo Bay detention camp is a United States military prison located within Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, also referred to as Guantánamo, GTMO, and Gitmo, on the coast of Guantánamo Bay in Cuba. Of the roughly 780 people detained there since January 2002 when the military prison first opened after the September 11 attacks, 735 have been transferred elsewhere, 36 remain there, and 9 have died while in custody.
六级/考研单词: confine, enclose, noun, medieval, synonym, psychiatry, solitary, strict, imprison, specimen, zoology, physics, particle, seldom, isolate, thereby, norm, fusion, condense, liquid, geometry, molecule, differentiate, bulk, medium, bind, void, portion, fluid, foam, compound, constitute, sphere, electron, dimension, inmate, equip, disrupt, jail, workforce, violate, accord, robust, psychology, consensus, heal, illicit, drastic, unite, torture, trace, substitute, punish, bay, militant, detain, custody
标签：solitary,liquid,material,confinement,inmates,prison,confine From： https://www.cnblogs.com/funwithwords/p/16585112.html