作用:
提供了几种后端视图(对数据资源进行曾删改查)处理流程的实现,如果需要编写的视图属于这五种,则视图可以通过继承相应的扩展类来复用代码,减少自己编写的代码量。
这五个扩展类需要搭配GenericAPIView父类,因为五个扩展类的实现需要调用GenericAPIView提供的序列化器与数据库查询的方法。
1)ListModelMixin
列表视图扩展类,提供list(request, *args, **kwargs)
方法快速实现列表视图,返回200状态码。
该Mixin的list方法会对数据进行过滤和分页。
源代码:
class ListModelMixin(object): """ List a queryset. """ def list(self, request, *args, **kwargs): # 过滤 queryset = self.filter_queryset(self.get_queryset()) # 分页 page = self.paginate_queryset(queryset) if page is not None: serializer = self.get_serializer(page, many=True) return self.get_paginated_response(serializer.data) # 序列化 serializer = self.get_serializer(queryset, many=True) return Response(serializer.data)
举例:
from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin class BookListView(ListModelMixin, GenericAPIView): queryset = BookInfo.objects.all() serializer_class = BookInfoSerializer def get(self, request): return self.list(request)
2)CreateModelMixin
创建视图扩展类,提供create(request, *args, **kwargs)
方法快速实现创建资源的视图,成功返回201状态码。
如果序列化器对前端发送的数据验证失败,返回400错误。
源代码:
class CreateModelMixin(object): """ Create a model instance. """ def create(self, request, *args, **kwargs): # 获取序列化器 serializer = self.get_serializer(data=request.data) # 验证 serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True) # 保存 self.perform_create(serializer) headers = self.get_success_headers(serializer.data) return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED, headers=headers) def perform_create(self, serializer): serializer.save() def get_success_headers(self, data): try: return {'Location': str(data[api_settings.URL_FIELD_NAME])} except (TypeError, KeyError): return {}
3) RetrieveModelMixin
详情视图扩展类,提供retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)
方法,可以快速实现返回一个存在的数据对象。
如果存在,返回200, 否则返回404。
源代码:
class RetrieveModelMixin(object): """ Retrieve a model instance. """ def retrieve(self, request, *args, **kwargs): # 获取对象,会检查对象的权限 instance = self.get_object() # 序列化 serializer = self.get_serializer(instance) return Response(serializer.data)
举例:
class BookDetailView(RetrieveModelMixin, GenericAPIView): queryset = BookInfo.objects.all() serializer_class = BookInfoSerializer def get(self, request, pk): return self.retrieve(request)
4)UpdateModelMixin
更新视图扩展类,提供update(request, *args, **kwargs)
方法,可以快速实现更新一个存在的数据对象。
同时也提供partial_update(request, *args, **kwargs)
方法,可以实现局部更新。
成功返回200,序列化器校验数据失败时,返回400错误。
源代码:
class UpdateModelMixin(object): """ Update a model instance. """ def update(self, request, *args, **kwargs): partial = kwargs.pop('partial', False) instance = self.get_object() serializer = self.get_serializer(instance, data=request.data, partial=partial) serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True) self.perform_update(serializer) if getattr(instance, '_prefetched_objects_cache', None): # If 'prefetch_related' has been applied to a queryset, we need to # forcibly invalidate the prefetch cache on the instance. instance._prefetched_objects_cache = {} return Response(serializer.data) def perform_update(self, serializer): serializer.save() def partial_update(self, request, *args, **kwargs): kwargs['partial'] = True return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs)
5)DestroyModelMixin
删除视图扩展类,提供destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)
方法,可以快速实现删除一个存在的数据对象。
成功返回204,不存在返回404。
源代码:
class DestroyModelMixin(object): """ Destroy a model instance. """ def destroy(self, request, *args, **kwargs): instance = self.get_object() self.perform_destroy(instance) return Response(status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT) def perform_destroy(self, instance): instance.delete()
标签:get,LL,request,视图,instance,五个,kwargs,self,serializer From: https://www.cnblogs.com/97zs/p/18070167