操作URL的黑科技

处理URL的query的接口：URLSearchParams

// 处理URL的query的接口：URLSearchParams
// 简单使用
let url = '?wd=胡歌&love=fx&year=2020';
let searchParams = new URLSearchParams(url);
for (let p of searchParams) {
    console.log(p);
}
// ["wd", "胡歌"]
// ["love", "fx"]
// ["year", "2020"]
// 获取单个字段 调用这个实例的get方法
searchParams.get('wd') // "胡歌"
searchParams.get('love') // "fx"
searchParams.get('year') // "2020"
// 字段是否存在，使用实例的has方法进行判断
searchParams.has('wd') // true
searchParams.has('age') // false
// 添加字段 append方法来添加字段，这个方法接收两个参数，前者是key，后者是value
searchParams.append('age', 26);
searchParams.has('age'); // true
searchParams.get('age'); // 26
// 删除字段 delete
searchParams.delete('year');
searchParams.has('year'); // false
// 重写字段 set方法
searchParams.set('wd', '胡歌 fx');

兼容性

现代浏览器基本没有啥大问题，但是IE的支持不是很理想。

常用URL操作方法封装

// 获取单个参数
function getParam(name, url) {
    if(typeof name !== 'string') return false;
    if (!url) url = window.location.href;
    // 当遇到name[xx]时，对方括号做一下转义为 name\[xxx\]，因为下面还需要使用name做正则
    name = name.replace(/[\[\]]/g, '\\$&');
    var regex = new RegExp('[?&]' + name + '(=([^&#]*)|&|#|$)');
    var results = regex.exec(url);
    if (!results) return null;
    if (!results[2]) return '';
    return decodeURIComponent(results[2].replace(/\+/g, " "));
}
getParam('query','https://j.im/search?query=hello&time=2017-11-12')
// output:
// "hello"

// 设置单个参数
function setParam(name, val, url) {
    if(typeof name !== 'string') return false;
    if (!url) url = window.location.href;
    var _name = name.replace(/[\[\]]/g, '\\$&');
    var value = name + '=' + encodeURIComponent(val);
    var regex = new RegExp(_name + '=[^&]*');
    var urlArr = url.split('#');
    var result = '';
    if(regex.exec(url)){
        result =  url.replace(regex, value);
    }else{
        result = urlArr[0]+'&'+value+ (urlArr[1] || '');
    }
    return result
}
setParam('query','world','https://j.im/search?query=hello&time=2017-11-12')
// output:
// "https://j.im/search?query=world&time=2017-11-12"

// 移除单个参数
function removeParam(name, url) {
    if(typeof name !== 'string') return false;
    if (!url) url = window.location.href;
    var urlparts = url.split('?');
    var prefix = encodeURIComponent(name + '=');
    var pars = urlparts[1].split(/[&;]/g);
    var i = 0, len = pars.length;
    for (; i < len; i++) {
        if (encodeURIComponent(pars[i]).lastIndexOf(prefix, 0) !== -1) {
            pars.splice(i, 1);
        }
    }
    url = urlparts[0] + (pars.length > 0 ? '?' + pars.join('&') : '');
    return url;
}
removeParam('query','https://j.im/search?query=hello&time=2017-11-12')
// output:
// "https://j.im/search?time=2017-11-12"

// 获取多个参数
function getParams(names, url) {
    if(typeof name !== 'string') return false;
    var names = names.split(' ');
    var result = {};
    var i = 0,
        len = names.length;
    if (names.length === 0) return false;
    for (; i < len; i++) {
        result[names[i]] = getParam(names[i], url);
    }
    return result;
}
getParams('query time','https://j.im/search?query=hello&time=2017-11-12')
// output:
// {query: "hello", time: "2017-11-12"}

// 设置多个参数
function setParams(obj, url) {
    var result = url || '';
    if (Object.prototype.toString.call(obj) !== '[object Object]') return false;
    for (var name in obj) {
        result = setParam(name, obj[name], result);
    }
    return result;
}
setParams({a:111,b:222,query:'world'},'https://j.im/search?query=hello&time=2017-11-12')
// output:
// "https://j.im/search?query=world&time=2017-11-12&a=111&b=222"

// 移除多个参数
function removeParams(names, url) {
    var result = url || '';
    var names = names.split(' ');
    var i = 0,
        len = names.length;
    if (names.length === 0) return false;
    for (; i < len; i++) {
        result = removeParam(names[i], result);
    }
    return result;
}
removeParams('query time','https://j.im/search?query=hello&time=2017-11-12')
// output:
// "https://j.im/search"

url hash 操作

function getHash(url) {
    return decodeURIComponent(url ? url.substring(url.indexOf('#') + 1) : window.location.hash.substr(1));
}
function setHash(hash) {
    window.location.replace('#' + encodeURIComponent(hash));
}
function removeHash() {
    window.location.replace('#', '');
}