标签：nonce UofTCTF 比赛 self 2024 flag key print message

这次的题目挺有意思，难度适中，*开头的代表未做出，简单记录一下解题笔记。

Introduction

General Information

题目

The flag format for all challenges is UofTCTF{...}, case insensitive. If you are experiencing technical difficulties with challenges, support is on our Discord server: https://discord.gg/Un7avdkq7Z. The flag for this challenge is UofTCTF{600d_1uck}.

我的解答：

介绍题，没啥说的直接给了

UofTCTF{600d_1uck}

Cryptography

repeat

题目

I'm a known repeat offender when it comes to bad encryption habits. But the secrets module is secure, so you'll never be able to guess my key!

Author: SteakEnthusiast

gen.py

import os
import secrets

flag = "REDACATED"
xor_key = secrets.token_bytes(8)

def xor(message, key):
    return bytes([message[i] ^ key[i % len(key)] for i in range(len(message))])

encrypted_flag = xor(flag.encode(), xor_key).hex()

with open("flag.enc", "w") as f:
    f.write("Flag: "+encrypted_flag)

flag.enc

Flag: 982a9290d6d4bf88957586bbdcda8681de33c796c691bb9fde1a83d582c886988375838aead0e8c7dc2bc3d7cd97a4

我的解答：

标准的XOR加密，从题目可知，密钥长度为8个字节，这个是非常重要的。因为我们知道flag的前8个字节“uoftctf”

因此，由于XOR是个可逆函数，我们可以很容易得到flag

exp:

from binascii import unhexlify
from Crypto.Util.strxor import strxor

ct = unhexlify("982a9290d6d4bf88957586bbdcda8681de33c796c691bb9fde1a83d582c886988375838aead0e8c7dc2bc3d7cd97a4")
key = strxor(ct[:8], b'uoftctf{')

def xor(message, key):
    return bytes([message[i] ^ key[i % len(key)] for i in range(len(message))])

flag = xor(ct, key)
print(flag)
#uoftctf{x0r_iz_r3v3rs1bl3_w17h_kn0wn_p141n73x7}

Pianoman

题目

Windy, a piano prodigy, believes that RSA encryption may not provide sufficient security to safeguard his invaluable piano mastery secrets. So, he uses his musical talents to add another layer of security to the RSA encryption scheme. Now, no one will be able to figure out his secrets!

Note: The flag is UofTCTF{plaintext}.

Author: XiaoXiangjiao

Windy是一位钢琴神童，他认为RSA加密可能无法提供足够的安全性来保护他宝贵的钢琴掌握秘密。因此，他利用自己的音乐天赋为 RSA 加密方案增加了另一层安全性。现在，没有人能够弄清楚他的秘密！

注意：标志是 UofTCTF{plaintext}。

music_cipher.py

# no secrets for you!
flag = ...

# Prime numbers
p = 151974537061323957822386073908385085419559026351164685426097479266890291010147521691623222013307654711435195917538910433499461592808140930995554881397135856676650008657702221890681556382541341154333619026995004346614954741516470916984007797447848200982844325683748644670322174197570545222141895743221967042369
q = 174984645401233071825665708002522121612485226530706132712010887487642973021704769474826989160974464933559818767568944237124745165979610355867977190192654030573049063822083356316183080709550520634370714336131664619311165756257899116089875225537979520325826655873483634761961805768588413832262117172840398661229
n = p * q

# a public exponent hidden away by Windy's musical talents
e = ...


# Converting the message to an integer
m = int.from_bytes(message.encode(), 'big')

# Encrypting the message: c = m^e mod n
inc_m = pow(message_int, e, n)

print(encrypted_message_int)

musical_e.png

output.txt

13798492512038760070176175279601263544116956273815547670915057561532348462120753731852024424193899030774938204962799194756105401464136384387458651343975594539877218889319074841918281784494580079814736461158750759327630935335333130007375268812456855987866715978531148043248418247223808114476698088473278808360178546541128684643502788861786419871174570376835894025839847919827231356213726961581598139013383568524808876923469958771740011288404737208217659897319372970291073214528581692244433371304465252501970552162445326313782129351056851978201181794212716520630569898498364053054452320641433167009005762663177324539460

我的解答：

看了一下题目发现我们只要找到e，这道题就解决了

给了一个图片显然可以找到e，属于Music Sheet Cipher密码

e = 7029307

exp:

import gmpy2
from Crypto.Util.number import *
p = 151974537061323957822386073908385085419559026351164685426097479266890291010147521691623222013307654711435195917538910433499461592808140930995554881397135856676650008657702221890681556382541341154333619026995004346614954741516470916984007797447848200982844325683748644670322174197570545222141895743221967042369
q = 174984645401233071825665708002522121612485226530706132712010887487642973021704769474826989160974464933559818767568944237124745165979610355867977190192654030573049063822083356316183080709550520634370714336131664619311165756257899116089875225537979520325826655873483634761961805768588413832262117172840398661229
c= 13798492512038760070176175279601263544116956273815547670915057561532348462120753731852024424193899030774938204962799194756105401464136384387458651343975594539877218889319074841918281784494580079814736461158750759327630935335333130007375268812456855987866715978531148043248418247223808114476698088473278808360178546541128684643502788861786419871174570376835894025839847919827231356213726961581598139013383568524808876923469958771740011288404737208217659897319372970291073214528581692244433371304465252501970552162445326313782129351056851978201181794212716520630569898498364053054452320641433167009005762663177324539460
e = 7029307
n = p*q
phi = (p-1) * (q-1)
d = gmpy2.invert(e, phi)
m = pow(c, d, n)
print(long_to_bytes(m))
#uoftctf{AT1d2jMCVs03xxalViU9zTyiiV1INNJY}

Clever Thinking

题目

I think that Diffie-Hellman is better with some curves, maybe elliptic ones. Let's share a secret!

Wrap the secret (which is a point) in uoftctf{(x:y:z)}, where (x:y:z) are homogeneous coordinates.

Author: Phoenix

我认为 Diffie-Hellman 更适合一些曲线，也许是椭圆形曲线。让我们分享一个秘密！

将密钥（即一个点）包装在 uoftctf{（x：y：z）} 中，其中（x：y：z）是齐次坐标。

chal.sage

m = 235322474717419
F = GF(m)
C = EllipticCurve(F, [0, 8856682])

public_base = (185328074730054:87402695517612:1)

Q1 = (184640716867876:45877854358580:1) # my public key
Q2 = (157967230203538:128158547239620:1) # your public key

secret = ...
my_private_key = ...
assert(my_private_key*public_base == Q1)
assert(my_private_key*Q2 == secret)

我的解答：

这是非常标准的椭圆加密。

基本上，我们的私钥乘以公钥的标量乘法将返回我们的公钥 Q1，而我们的私钥与其他人的公钥 Q2 的标量乘法将返回共享密钥。

我们可以用Smart攻击。本文对Smart的攻击进行了更深入的描述。然而，我们需要知道的是，当有限群的阶数等价于 p 时，它就会起作用，我们可以用 Sage 的 .order（）函数轻松检查。

解题脚本参考这个。剩下的就是用我们的参数替换参数，然后将其乘以 Q2 以获得共享密钥！

exp:

def SmartAttack(P,Q,p):
    E = P.curve()
    Eqp = EllipticCurve(Qp(p, 2), [ ZZ(t) + randint(0,p)*p for t in E.a_invariants() ])

    P_Qps = Eqp.lift_x(ZZ(P.xy()[0]), all=True)
    for P_Qp in P_Qps:
        if GF(p)(P_Qp.xy()[1]) == P.xy()[1]:
            break

    Q_Qps = Eqp.lift_x(ZZ(Q.xy()[0]), all=True)
    for Q_Qp in Q_Qps:
        if GF(p)(Q_Qp.xy()[1]) == Q.xy()[1]:
            break

    p_times_P = p*P_Qp
    p_times_Q = p*Q_Qp

    x_P,y_P = p_times_P.xy()
    x_Q,y_Q = p_times_Q.xy()

    phi_P = -(x_P/y_P)
    phi_Q = -(x_Q/y_Q)
    k = phi_Q/phi_P
    return ZZ(k)

# p = 235322474717419
# E = EllipticCurve(GF(p), [0, 8856682])
# P = E.point((185328074730054,87402695517612))
# Q = E.point((184640716867876,45877854358580))

# Curve parameters --> Replace the next three lines with given values
p = 235322474717419
a = 0
b = 8856682

# Define curve
E = EllipticCurve(GF(p), [a, b])
assert(E.order() == p)

# Replace the next two lines with given values
pub_base = E(185328074730054 , 87402695517612)
Q1 = E(184640716867876 , 45877854358580)

priv_key = SmartAttack(pub_base, Q1,p)

print(priv_key)

Q2 = E(157967230203538,128158547239620)

print(priv_key * Q2)

#uoftctf{(11278025017971:36226806176053:1)}

Wheel Barrow

题目

A wheelbarrow ran over the flag. Can you fix it?

Please wrap the flag in uoftctf{}. Please keep the $ in the flag when submitting.

Author: notnotpuns

密文：hc0rhh3r3ylmsrwr___lsewt_03raf_rpetouin$_3tb0_t

我的解答：

根据题目名称查找相应密码发现 Burrows-Wheeler 变换

所有可能结果如下：

整合得到：burr0w_wh33ler_transform_is_pr3tty_c00l_eh$th3_

根据题目意思最终得到：

uoftctf{th3_burr0w_wh33ler_transform_is_pr3tty_c00l_eh$}

*Export Grade Cipher（不会！有时间再回顾吧！）

题目

This "state of the art"™ cipher can be exported to your enemies without restriction.

Author: nullptr

nc 0.cloud.chals.io 23753

chal.py

查看代码

 import ast
import threading
from exportcipher import *
try:
    from flag import FLAG
except:
    FLAG = "test{FLAG}"

MAX_COUNT = 100
TIMEOUT = 120 # seconds

def input_bytes(display_msg):
    m = input(display_msg)
    try:
        m = ast.literal_eval(m)
    except:
        # might not be valid str or bytes literal but could still be valid input, so just encode it
        pass
    if isinstance(m, str):
        m = m.encode()
    assert isinstance(m, bytes)
    return m

def timeout_handler():
    print("Time is up, you can throw out your work as the key changed.")
    exit()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    print("Initializing Export Grade Cipher...")
    key = int.from_bytes(os.urandom(5))
    cipher = ExportGradeCipher(key)
    print("You may choose up to {} plaintext messages to encrypt.".format(MAX_COUNT))
    print("Recover the 40-bit key to get the flag.")
    print("You have {} seconds.".format(TIMEOUT))
    # enough time to crack a 40 bit key with the compute resources of a government
    threading.Timer(TIMEOUT, timeout_handler).start()
    
    i = 0
    while i < MAX_COUNT:
        pt = input_bytes("[MSG {}] plaintext: ".format(i))
        if not pt:
            break
        if len(pt) > 512:
            # don't allow excessively long messages
            print("Message Too Long!")
            continue
        nonce = os.urandom(256)
        cipher.init_with_nonce(nonce)
        ct = cipher.encrypt(pt)
        print("[MSG {}] nonce: {}".format(i, nonce))
        print("[MSG {}] ciphertext: {}".format(i, ct))
        # sanity check decryption
        cipher.init_with_nonce(nonce)
        assert pt == cipher.decrypt(ct)
        i += 1
    recovered_key = ast.literal_eval(input("Recovered Key: "))
    assert isinstance(recovered_key, int)
    if recovered_key == key:
        print("That is the key! Here is the flag: {}".format(FLAG))
    else:
        print("Wrong!")

exportcipher.py

查看代码

 import os

class LFSR:
    def __init__(self, seed, taps, size):
        assert seed != 0
        assert (seed >> size) == 0
        assert len(taps) > 0 and (size - 1) in taps
        self.state = seed
        self.taps = taps
        self.mask = (1 << size) - 1

    def _shift(self):
        feedback = 0
        for tap in self.taps:
            feedback ^= (self.state >> tap) & 1
        self.state = ((self.state << 1) | feedback) & self.mask
    
    def next_byte(self):
        val = self.state & 0xFF
        for _ in range(8):
            self._shift()
        return val


class ExportGradeCipher:
    def __init__(self, key):
        # 40 bit key
        assert (key >> 40) == 0
        self.key = key
        self.initialized = False
    
    def init_with_nonce(self, nonce):
        # 256 byte nonce, nonce size isnt export controlled so hopefully this will compensate for the short key size
        assert len(nonce) == 256
        self.lfsr17 = LFSR((self.key & 0xFFFF) | (1 << 16), [2, 9, 10, 11, 14, 16], 17)
        self.lfsr32 = LFSR(((self.key >> 16) | 0xAB << 24) & 0xFFFFFFFF, [1, 6, 16, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26, 30, 31], 32)
        self.S = [i for i in range(256)]
        # Fisher-Yates shuffle S-table
        for i in range(255, 0, -1): 
            # generate j s.t. 0 <= j <= i, has modulo bias but good luck exploiting that
            j = (self.lfsr17.next_byte() ^ self.lfsr32.next_byte()) % (i + 1)
            self.S[i], self.S[j] = self.S[j], self.S[i]
        j = 0
        # use nonce to scramble S-table some more
        for i in range(256):
            j = (j + self.lfsr17.next_byte() ^ self.lfsr32.next_byte() + self.S[i] + nonce[i]) % 256
            self.S[i], self.S[j] = self.S[j], self.S[i]
        self.S_inv = [0 for _ in range(256)]
        for i in range(256):
            self.S_inv[self.S[i]] = i
        self.initialized = True
    
    def _update(self, v):
        i = self.lfsr17.next_byte() ^ self.lfsr32.next_byte()
        self.S[v], self.S[i] = self.S[i], self.S[v]
        self.S_inv[self.S[v]] = v
        self.S_inv[self.S[i]] = i
    
    def encrypt(self, msg):
        assert self.initialized
        ct = bytes()
        for v in msg:
            ct += self.S[v].to_bytes()
            self._update(v)
        return ct
    
    def decrypt(self, ct):
        assert self.initialized
        msg = bytes()
        for v in ct:
            vo = self.S_inv[v]
            msg += vo.to_bytes()
            self._update(vo)
        return msg


if __name__ == "__main__":
    cipher = ExportGradeCipher(int.from_bytes(os.urandom(5)))
    nonce = os.urandom(256)
    print("="*50)
    print("Cipher Key: {}".format(cipher.key))
    print("Nonce: {}".format(nonce))
    msg = "ChatGPT: The Kerckhoffs' Principle, formulated by Auguste Kerckhoffs in the 19th century, is a fundamental concept in cryptography that states that the security of a cryptographic system should not rely on the secrecy of the algorithm, but rather on the secrecy of the key. In other words, a cryptosystem should remain secure even if all the details of the encryption algorithm, except for the key, are publicly known. This principle emphasizes the importance of key management in ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of encrypted data and promotes the development of encryption algorithms that can be openly analyzed and tested by the cryptographic community, making them more robust and trustworthy."
    print("="*50)
    print("Plaintext: {}".format(msg))
    cipher.init_with_nonce(nonce)
    ct = cipher.encrypt(msg.encode())
    print("="*50)
    print("Ciphertext: {}".format(ct))
    cipher.init_with_nonce(nonce)
    dec = cipher.decrypt(ct)
    print("="*50)
    try:
        print("Decrypted: {}".format(dec))
        assert msg.encode() == dec
    except:
        print("Decryption failed")

Miscellaneous（只会一个）

Out of the Bucket

题目

Check out my flag website!

Author: windex
https://storage.googleapis.com/out-of-the-bucket/src/index.html

我的解答：

题目给出了一个网站，访问会发现两张图，lsb隐写？也不是。其他方式也试了不行。。。。

修改下url试试，最终在

https://storage.googleapis.com/out-of-the-bucket

里发现啦一些东西。以 XML 格式列出该站点的文档树如下：

This XML file does not appear to have any style information associated with it. The document tree is shown below.
<ListBucketResult>
<Name>out-of-the-bucket</Name>
<Prefix/>
<Marker/>
<IsTruncated>false</IsTruncated>
<Contents>
<Key>secret/</Key>
<Generation>1703868492595821</Generation>
<MetaGeneration>1</MetaGeneration>
<LastModified>2023-12-29T16:48:12.634Z</LastModified>
<ETag>"d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e"</ETag>
<Size>0</Size>
</Contents>
<Contents>
<Key>secret/dont_show</Key>
<Generation>1703868647771911</Generation>
<MetaGeneration>1</MetaGeneration>
<LastModified>2023-12-29T16:50:47.809Z</LastModified>
<ETag>"737eb19c7265186a2fab89b5c9757049"</ETag>
<Size>29</Size>
</Contents>
<Contents>
<Key>secret/funny.json</Key>
<Generation>1705174300570372</Generation>
<MetaGeneration>1</MetaGeneration>
<LastModified>2024-01-13T19:31:40.607Z</LastModified>
<ETag>"d1987ade72e435073728c0b6947a7aee"</ETag>
<Size>2369</Size>
</Contents>
<Contents>
<Key>src/</Key>
<Generation>1703867253127898</Generation>
<MetaGeneration>1</MetaGeneration>
<LastModified>2023-12-29T16:27:33.166Z</LastModified>
<ETag>"d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e"</ETag>
<Size>0</Size>
</Contents>
<Contents>
<Key>src/index.html</Key>
<Generation>1703867956175503</Generation>
<MetaGeneration>1</MetaGeneration>
<LastModified>2023-12-29T16:39:16.214Z</LastModified>
<ETag>"dc63d7225477ead6f340f3057263643f"</ETag>
<Size>1134</Size>
</Contents>
<Contents>
<Key>src/static/antwerp.jpg</Key>
<Generation>1703867372975107</Generation>
<MetaGeneration>1</MetaGeneration>
<LastModified>2023-12-29T16:29:33.022Z</LastModified>
<ETag>"cef4e40eacdf7616f046cc44cc55affc"</ETag>
<Size>45443</Size>
</Contents>
<Contents>
<Key>src/static/guam.jpg</Key>
<Generation>1703867372954729</Generation>
<MetaGeneration>1</MetaGeneration>
<LastModified>2023-12-29T16:29:32.993Z</LastModified>
<ETag>"f6350c93168c2955ceee030ca01b8edd"</ETag>
<Size>48805</Size>
</Contents>
<Contents>
<Key>src/static/style.css</Key>
<Generation>1703867372917610</Generation>
<MetaGeneration>1</MetaGeneration>
<LastModified>2023-12-29T16:29:32.972Z</LastModified>
<ETag>"0c12d00cc93c2b64eb4cccb3d36df8fd"</ETag>
<Size>76559</Size>
</Contents>
</ListBucketResult>

显然有一些可疑的URL，尝试访问发现 secret/dont_show 里面有flag

uoftctf{allUsers_is_not_safe}

标签：nonce,UofTCTF,比赛,self,2024,flag,key,print,message
From： https://www.cnblogs.com/mumuhhh/p/17983438

UofTCTF 2024 比赛记录

Introduction

General Information

Cryptography

repeat

Pianoman

Clever Thinking

Wheel Barrow

*Export Grade Cipher（不会！有时间再回顾吧！）

Miscellaneous（只会一个）

Out of the Bucket

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