Azure应用服务用YARP取代了Nginx,获得了80%以上的吞吐量。他们每天处理160B多个请求(1.9 m RPS)。这是微软的一项了不起的技术创新。
首先我们来介绍一下什么是Yarp
Yarp是什么?
YARP(Yet Another Reverse Proxy)是一个开源的、高性能的反向代理库,由Microsoft开发,使用C#语言编写。它旨在作为.NET平台上构建反向代理服务器的基础。YARP主要针对.NET 5及以上版本,允许开发者在.NET应用程序中轻松地实现反向代理的功能。
YARP的主要特点和功能:
- 模块化和可扩展性: YARP设计成高度模块化的,这意味着可以根据需要替换或扩展内部组件,如HTTP请求路由、负载均衡、健康检查等。
- 性能: YARP针对高性能进行了优化,利用了.NET的异步编程模型和高效的IO操作,以处理大量并发连接。
- 配置驱动: YARP的行为可以通过配置来控制,支持从文件、数据库或其他来源动态加载配置。
- 路由: 可以基于各种参数(如路径、头部、查询参数)配置请求路由规则。
- 负载均衡: 内置多种负载均衡策略,如轮询、最少连接、随机选择等,并且可以自定义负载均衡策略。
- 健康检查: 支持后端服务的健康检查,以确保请求只会被转发到健康的后端服务实例。
- 转换器: 允许对请求和响应进行转换,如修改头部、路径或查询参数。
- 会话亲和性: 支持会话亲和性(Session Affinity),确保来自同一客户端的请求被发送到相同的后端服务实例。
使用YARP的一些场景:
- 反向代理: 在客户端和后端服务之间提供一个中间层,用于请求转发和负载均衡。
- API网关: 作为微服务架构中的API网关,提供路由、鉴权、监控等功能。
- 边缘服务: 在应用程序和外部世界之间提供安全层,处理SSL终止、请求限制等任务。
Yarp简单的使用
创建一个WebApi的项目
安装Nuget
包
<ItemGroup>
<PackageReference Include="Yarp.ReverseProxy" Version="2.0.0" />
</ItemGroup>
打开appsettings.json
{
"Logging": {
"LogLevel": {
"Default": "Information",
"Microsoft": "Warning",
"Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime": "Information"
}
},
"AllowedHosts": "*",
"ReverseProxy": {
"Routes": {
"route1" : {
"ClusterId": "cluster1",
"Match": {
"Path": "{**catch-all}"
}
}
},
"Clusters": {
"cluster1": {
"Destinations": {
"destination1": {
"Address": "https://cn.bing.com/"
}
}
}
}
}
}
打开Program.cs
var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
builder.Services.AddReverseProxy()
.LoadFromConfig(builder.Configuration.GetSection("ReverseProxy"));
var app = builder.Build();
app.MapReverseProxy();
app.Run();
然后启动项目,访问我们的api就会被代理转发到bing
上
Yarp工具代理使用
下面我们在提供一个在中间件使用yarp的方式
我们需要用到IHttpForwarder
先修改Program.cs
在这里我们注入了HttpForwarder
,然后提供一个Run中间件,在中间件中手动指定了端点的地址https://cn.bing.com/
然后我们启动一下项目。
using Yarp.ReverseProxy.Forwarder;
var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
builder.Services.AddHttpForwarder(); // 注入IHttpForwarder
var app = builder.Build();
var httpMessage = new HttpMessageInvoker(new HttpClientHandler());
app.Run((async context =>
{
var httpForwarder = context.RequestServices.GetRequiredService<IHttpForwarder>();
var destinationPrefix = "https://cn.bing.com/";
await httpForwarder.SendAsync(context, destinationPrefix, httpMessage);
}));
app.Run();
也是一样会被代理过去,但是于简单使用不一样的是我们是在代码层面控制代理的。
使用yarp修改Bing的响应内容
我们继续基于上面的代理使用进行修改bing的相应内容!
打开Program.cs
var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
builder.Services.AddHttpForwarder(); // 注入IHttpForwarder
var app = builder.Build();
var httpMessage = new HttpMessageInvoker(new HttpClientHandler()
{
// 忽略https错误
ServerCertificateCustomValidationCallback = (_, _, _, _) => true,
AllowAutoRedirect = false,
AutomaticDecompression = DecompressionMethods.GZip,
UseCookies = false,
UseProxy = false,
UseDefaultCredentials = true,
});
var destinationPrefix = "https://cn.bing.com/";
var bingTransformer = new BingTransformer();
app.Run((async context =>
{
var httpForwarder = context.RequestServices.GetRequiredService<IHttpForwarder>();
await httpForwarder.SendAsync(context, destinationPrefix, httpMessage, new ForwarderRequestConfig(),
bingTransformer);
}));
app.Run();
创建BingTransformer.cs
public class BingTransformer : HttpTransformer
{
public override async ValueTask TransformRequestAsync(HttpContext httpContext, HttpRequestMessage proxyRequest,
string destinationPrefix,
CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
var uri = RequestUtilities.MakeDestinationAddress(destinationPrefix, httpContext.Request.Path,
httpContext.Request.QueryString);
proxyRequest.RequestUri = uri;
proxyRequest.Headers.Host = uri.Host;
await base.TransformRequestAsync(httpContext, proxyRequest, destinationPrefix, cancellationToken);
}
public override async ValueTask<bool> TransformResponseAsync(HttpContext httpContext,
HttpResponseMessage? proxyResponse,
CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
await base.TransformResponseAsync(httpContext, proxyResponse, cancellationToken);
if (httpContext.Request.Method == "GET" &&
httpContext.Response.Headers["Content-Type"].Any(x => x.StartsWith("text/html")))
{
var encoding = proxyResponse.Content.Headers.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Key == "Content-Encoding").Value;
if (encoding?.FirstOrDefault() == "gzip")
{
var content = proxyResponse?.Content.ReadAsByteArrayAsync(cancellationToken).Result;
if (content != null)
{
var result = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(GZipDecompressByte(content));
result = result.Replace("国内版", "Token Bing 搜索 - 国内版");
proxyResponse.Content = new StringContent(GZipDecompressString(result));
}
}
else if (encoding.FirstOrDefault() == "br")
{
var content = proxyResponse?.Content.ReadAsByteArrayAsync(cancellationToken).Result;
if (content != null)
{
var result = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(BrDecompress(content));
result = result.Replace("国内版", "Token Bing 搜索 - 国内版");
proxyResponse.Content = new ByteArrayContent(BrCompress(result));
}
}
else
{
var content = proxyResponse?.Content.ReadAsStringAsync(cancellationToken).Result;
if (content != null)
{
content = content.Replace("国内版", "Token Bing 搜索 - 国内版");
proxyResponse.Content = new StringContent(content);
}
}
}
return true;
}
/// <summary>
/// 解压GZip
/// </summary>
/// <param name="bytes"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static byte[] GZipDecompressByte(byte[] bytes)
{
using var targetStream = new MemoryStream();
using var compressStream = new MemoryStream(bytes);
using var zipStream = new GZipStream(compressStream, CompressionMode.Decompress);
using (var decompressionStream = new GZipStream(compressStream, CompressionMode.Decompress))
{
decompressionStream.CopyTo(targetStream);
}
return targetStream.ToArray();
}
/// <summary>
/// 解压GZip
/// </summary>
/// <param name="str"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string GZipDecompressString(string str)
{
using var compressStream = new MemoryStream(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(str));
using var zipStream = new GZipStream(compressStream, CompressionMode.Decompress);
using var resultStream = new StreamReader(new MemoryStream(compressStream.ToArray()));
return resultStream.ReadToEnd();
}
/// <summary>
/// Br压缩
/// </summary>
/// <param name="input"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static byte[] BrCompress(string str)
{
using var outputStream = new MemoryStream();
using (var compressionStream = new BrotliStream(outputStream, CompressionMode.Compress))
{
compressionStream.Write(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(str));
}
return outputStream.ToArray();
}
/// <summary>
/// Br解压
/// </summary>
/// <param name="input"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static byte[] BrDecompress(byte[] input)
{
using (var inputStream = new MemoryStream(input))
using (var outputStream = new MemoryStream())
using (var decompressionStream = new BrotliStream(inputStream, CompressionMode.Decompress))
{
decompressionStream.CopyTo(outputStream);
return outputStream.ToArray();
}
}
}
得到的效果我们将国内版
修改成了Token Bing 搜索 - 国内版
Yarp AOT尝试
下面我们将Yarp进行AOT尝试,首先打开我们的项目,添加以下参数
<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk.Web">
<PropertyGroup>
<TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
<Nullable>enable</Nullable>
<ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
<InvariantGlobalization>true</InvariantGlobalization>
<PublishAot>true</PublishAot>
</PropertyGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<PackageReference Include="Yarp.ReverseProxy" Version="2.0.0" />
</ItemGroup>
</Project>
AOT以后的大小15MB
,
测试转发并无问题
优化AOT大小,添加以下参数
<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk.Web">
<PropertyGroup>
<TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
<Nullable>enable</Nullable>
<ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
<InvariantGlobalization>true</InvariantGlobalization>
<PublishAot>true</PublishAot>
<StackTraceSupport>false</StackTraceSupport>
<OptimizationPreference>Size</OptimizationPreference>
<PublishTrimmed>true</PublishTrimmed>
<BlazorEnableTimeZoneSupport>false</BlazorEnableTimeZoneSupport>
<EventSourceSupport>false</EventSourceSupport>
<HttpActivityPropagationSupport>false</HttpActivityPropagationSupport>
<EnableUnsafeBinaryFormatterSerialization>false</EnableUnsafeBinaryFormatterSerialization>
<MetadataUpdaterSupport>false</MetadataUpdaterSupport>
<UseNativeHttpHandler>true</UseNativeHttpHandler>
<TrimMode>link</TrimMode>
</PropertyGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<PackageReference Include="Yarp.ReverseProxy" Version="2.0.0" />
</ItemGroup>
</Project>
减少2MB左右,并且正常运行代理
Yarp相关资料
技术交流群:737776595
官方文档:https://microsoft.github.io/reverse-proxy/articles/getting-started.html
来着token的分享
标签:YARP,Reverse,Yarp,new,var,using,content From: https://www.cnblogs.com/Leo_wl/p/17963049