『App自动化测试之Appium应用篇』| Appium常用API及操作

(『App自动化测试之Appium应用篇』| Appium常用API及操作)

1 press_keycode

1.1 键盘操作

• press_keycode是Appium的键盘相关函数；
• 可以实现键盘的相关操作，比如返回、按键、音量调节等等；
• 函数使用方法为：

driver.press_keycode(KeyCode)

1.2 关于KeyCode

• 以上press_keycode方法中传入参数KeyCode，而KeyCode是对应的键值码；
• 其可以传入对应的键值名，也可以传入具体键值名的值（对应数字）。

1.3 press_keycode源码

• press_keycode源码如下：

    def press_keycode(self, keycode: int, metastate: Optional[int] = None, flags: Optional[int] = None) -> 'WebDriver':
        """Sends a keycode to the device.

        Android only. Possible keycodes can be found
        in http://developer.android.com/reference/android/view/KeyEvent.html.

        Args:
            keycode: the keycode to be sent to the device
            metastate: meta information about the keycode being sent
            flags: the set of key event flags

        Returns:
            Union['WebDriver', 'Keyboard']: Self instance
        """
        ext_name = 'mobile: pressKey'
        args = {'keycode': keycode}
        if metastate is not None:
            args['metastate'] = metastate
        if flags is not None:
            args['flags'] = flags
        try:
            self.assert_extension_exists(ext_name).execute_script(ext_name, args)
        except UnknownMethodException:
            # TODO: Remove the fallback
            self.mark_extension_absence(ext_name).execute(Command.PRESS_KEYCODE, args)
        return cast('WebDriver', self)

• 从源码中可以看出，想要找到对应的键值名可以直接去官网查看。

1.4 电话键相关

• 以下为部分（非全部，仅参考）电话键相关键值名：

1.5 控制键相关

• 以下为部分（非全部，仅参考）控制键相关键值名：

1.6 基本按键相关

• 以下为部分（非全部，仅参考）基本按键相关键值名：
• 其中按键0-9键值为7-16，比如：

• 其中字母A-Z的键值为29-54，比如：

1.7 组合键相关

• 以下为部分（非全部，仅参考）组合键相关键值名：

1.8 符号键相关

• 以下为部分（非全部，仅参考）符号键相关键值名：

1.9 使用举例

• 使用方法为：

driver.press_keycode(4) # 返回键
driver.press_keycode(84) # 搜索键

• 或者可以使用keyevent方法：

driver.keyevent(66) # 回车键
driver.keyevent(67) # 退格键

2 swip方法

2.1 swip说明

• swip()方法是从一个坐标位置滑动到另一个坐标位置；
• 也就是说两点之间的滑动。

2.2 swip使用方法

• 可以查看swip源码来看下如何使用：

    def swipe(self, start_x: int, start_y: int, end_x: int, end_y: int, duration: int = 0) -> 'WebDriver':
        """Swipe from one point to another point, for an optional duration.

        Args:
            start_x: x-coordinate at which to start
            start_y: y-coordinate at which to start
            end_x: x-coordinate at which to stop
            end_y: y-coordinate at which to stop
            duration: defines the swipe speed as time taken to swipe from point a to point b, in ms.

        Usage:
            driver.swipe(100, 100, 100, 400)

        Returns:
            Union['WebDriver', 'ActionHelpers']: Self instance
        """
        touch_input = PointerInput(interaction.POINTER_TOUCH, "touch")

        actions = ActionChains(self)
        actions.w3c_actions = ActionBuilder(self, mouse=touch_input)
        actions.w3c_actions.pointer_action.move_to_location(start_x, start_y)
        actions.w3c_actions.pointer_action.pointer_down()
        if duration > 0:
            actions.w3c_actions = ActionBuilder(self, mouse=touch_input, duration=duration)
        actions.w3c_actions.pointer_action.move_to_location(end_x, end_y)
        actions.w3c_actions.pointer_action.release()
        actions.perform()
        return cast('WebDriver', self)

• 从以上看需要至少四个参数swipe(self, start_x: int, start_y: int, end_x: int, end_y: int);

2.3 使用示例

• 比如坐标从（100,200）滑动到（300,400）：

driver.swipe(100, 200, 300, 400)

• 再比如从（400,500）滑动到（600,700）持续3秒：

driver.swipe(400, 500, 600, 700, 3000)

3 scroll方法

• scroll()方法是从一个元素滑动到另一个元素，直到页面自动停止；
• 使用方法为：

    def scroll(self, origin_el: WebElement, destination_el: WebElement, duration: Optional[int] = None) -> 'WebDriver':
        """Scrolls from one element to another

        Args:
            origin_el: the element from which to begin scrolling (center of element)
            destination_el: the element to scroll to (center of element)
            duration: defines speed of scroll action when moving from originalEl to destinationEl.
                Default is 600 ms for W3C spec.

        Usage:
            driver.scroll(el1, el2)

• 比如从用户名滑动到密码输入框：

user_name = driver.find_element(AppiumBy.XPATH, "//*[@text='用户名']")
user_passwd = driver.find_element(AppiumBy.XPATH, "//*[@text='密码']")
driver.scroll(user_name, user_passwd)

4 drag_and_drop方法

• drag_and_drop()方法从一个元素滑动到另一个元素，第二个元素代替第一个元素原本屏幕上的位置；
• 使用方法为：

    def drag_and_drop(self, origin_el: WebElement, destination_el: WebElement) -> 'WebDriver':
        """Drag the origin element to the destination element

        Args:
            origin_el: the element to drag
            destination_el: the element to drag to

        Returns:
            Union['WebDriver', 'ActionHelpers']: Self instance
        """

• 比如：

user_name = driver.find_element(AppiumBy.XPATH, "//*[@text='用户名']")
user_passwd = driver.find_element(AppiumBy.XPATH, "//*[@text='密码']")
driver.drag_and_drop(user_name, user_passwd)

5 TouchAction方法

• TouchAction可实现手势的操作，比如滑动、拖动、长按等操作；
• 使用方法是先需要导入TouchAction：

from appium.webdriver.common.touch_action import  TouchAction

5.1 tap方法

• tap()方法模拟手指对某个元素或坐标按下并快速抬起；
• 使用方法为：

    def tap(
        self,
        element: Optional['WebElement'] = None,
        x: Optional[int] = None,
        y: Optional[int] = None,
        count: int = 1,
    ) -> 'TouchAction':
        """Perform a tap action on the element

        Args:
            element: the element to tap
            x : x coordinate to tap, relative to the top left corner of the element.
            y : y coordinate. If y is used, x must also be set, and vice versa

• 比如：

TouchAction(driver).tap(user_name).perform()

5.2 press方法

• press()方法是手指一直按下；
• 使用方法：

    def press(
        self,
        el: Optional['WebElement'] = None,
        x: Optional[int] = None,
        y: Optional[int] = None,
        pressure: Optional[float] = None,
    ) -> 'TouchAction':
        """Begin a chain with a press down action at a particular element or point

        Args:
            el: the element to press
            x: x coordiate to press. If y is used, x must also be set
            y: y coordiate to press. If x is used, y must also be set

• 比如：

TouchAction(driver).press(x=100, y=200).perform()

5.3 release方法

• release()方法是模拟手指抬起；
• 使用方法：

    def release(self) -> 'TouchAction':
        """End the action by lifting the pointer off the screen

        Returns:
            `TouchAction`: Self instance
        """
        self._add_action('release', {})

        return self

• 比如：

TouchAction(driver).press(x=100, y=200).release().perform()

5.4 wait方法

• wait()方法是模拟手指等待；
• 使用方法为：

 def wait(self, ms: int = 0) -> 'TouchAction':
        """Pause for `ms` milliseconds.

        Args:
            ms: The time to pause

        Returns:
            `TouchAction`: Self instance
        """

• 比如按下等待3秒后抬起：

TouchAction(driver).press(x=100, y=200).wait(3000).release().perform()

5.5 move_to方法

• move_to()方法是模拟手指移动；
• 使用方法：

    def move_to(
        self, el: Optional['WebElement'] = None, x: Optional[int] = None, y: Optional[int] = None
    ) -> 'TouchAction':
        """Move the pointer from the previous point to the element or point specified

        Args:
            el: the element to be moved to
            x: x coordiate to be moved to. If y is used, x must also be set
            y: y coordiate to be moved to. If x is used, y must also be set

        Returns:
            `TouchAction`: Self instance
        """

• 比如：

TouchAction(driver).press(x=400, y=500).move_to(500, 600).perform()