使用场景
| 使用场景 | 对应事件 |
|---|---|
| 复制粘贴 | 键盘事件 |
| 拖动元素到某个位置 | 鼠标事件 |
| 鼠标悬停 | 鼠标事件 |
| 滚动到某个元素 | 滚动事件 |
| 使用触控笔点击 | 触控笔事件（了解即可） |
https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/webdriver/actions_api
ActionChains解析
- 实例化类ActionChains，参数为driver实例。
- 中间可以有多个操作。
.perform()代表确定执行。
ActionChains(self.driver).操作.perform()键盘事件
- 按下、释放键盘键位
- 结合send_keys回车
https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/webdriver/actions_api/keyboard/#tabs-1-1
键盘事件-使用shift实现大写
ActionChains(self.driver): 实例化ActionChains类key_down(Keys.SHIFT, ele): 按下shift键实现大写send_keys("selenium"): 输入大写的seleniumperform(): 确认执行
class TestKeyBoardDemo:
def setup_class(self):
self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
self.driver.implicitly_wait(3)
def teardown_class(self):
self.driver.quit()
def test_key_down_up(self):
# 演练环境
self.driver.get("https://ceshiren.com/")
self.driver.find_element(By.ID, "search-button").click()
ele = self.driver.find_element(By.ID, "search-term")
ActionChains(self.driver).key_down(Keys.SHIFT, ele).\
send_keys("selenium").perform()键盘事件-输入后回车
- 直接输入回车: 元素.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
- 使用ActionChains: key_down(Keys.ENTER)
class TestKeyBoardDemo:
def setup_class(self):
self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
self.driver.implicitly_wait(3)
def teardown_class(self):
self.driver.quit()
def test_enter(self):
# 演练环境
self.driver.get("https://www.sogou.com/")
ele = self.driver.find_element(By.ID, "query")
ele.send_keys("selenium")
# 第一种方式
ele.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
# 第二种方式
# ActionChains(self.driver).\
# key_down(Keys.ENTER).\
# perform()
time.sleep(3)键盘事件-复制粘贴
- 多系统兼容
- mac 的复制按钮为 COMMAND
- windows 的复制按钮为 CONTROL
- 左箭头：
Keys.ARROW_LEFT - 按下COMMAND或者CONTROL:
key_down(cmd_ctrl) - 按下剪切与粘贴按钮:
send_keys("xvvvvv")
class TestKeyBoardDemo:
# driver 初始化
def setup_class(self):
self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
self.driver.implicitly_wait(3)
# 关闭driver进程
def teardown_class(self):
self.driver.quit()
# 复制粘贴逻辑
def test_copy_and_paste(self):
# 演练环境
self.driver.get("https://ceshiren.com/")
cmd_ctrl = Keys.COMMAND if sys.platform == 'darwin' else Keys.CONTROL
self.driver.find_element(By.ID, "search-button").click()
ele = self.driver.find_element(By.ID, "search-term")
# 打开搜索，选择搜索框，输入selenium，剪切后复制，几个v就代表复制几次
ActionChains(self.driver)\
.key_down(Keys.SHIFT, ele)\
.send_keys("Selenium!")\
.send_keys(Keys.ARROW_LEFT)\
.key_down(cmd_ctrl)\
.send_keys("xvvvvv")\
.key_up(cmd_ctrl)\
.perform()
time.sleep(5)鼠标事件
- 双击
- 拖动元素
- 指定位置（悬浮）
https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/webdriver/actions_api/mouse/
鼠标事件-双击
double_click(元素对象): 双击元素
class TestMouseDemo:
def setup_class(self):
self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
self.driver.implicitly_wait(3)
def teardown_class(self):
self.driver.quit()
def test_double_click(self):
# 演练环境
self.driver.get("https://vip.ceshiren.com/#/ui_study")
ele = self.driver.find_element(By.ID, "primary_btn")
ActionChains(self.driver).double_click(ele).perform()
time.sleep(2)鼠标事件-拖动元素
drag_and_drop(起始元素对象, 结束元素对象): 拖动并放开元素
class TestMouseDemo:
def setup_class(self):
self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
self.driver.implicitly_wait(3)
def teardown_class(self):
self.driver.quit()
def test_drag_and_drop(self):
# 演练环境
self.driver.get("https://vip.ceshiren.com/#/ui_study/action_chains")
item_left = self.driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR,'#item1')
item_right = self.driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR,'#item3')
ActionChains(self.driver).drag_and_drop(item_left, item_right).perform()
time.sleep(5)鼠标事件-悬浮
move_to_element(元素对象): 移动到某个元素
class TestMouseDemo:
def setup_class(self):
self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
self.driver.implicitly_wait(3)
def teardown_class(self):
self.driver.quit()
def test_hover(self):
# 演练环境
self.driver.get("https://vip.ceshiren.com/#/ui_study/action_chains2")
time.sleep(2)
title = self.driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, '.title')
ActionChains(self.driver).move_to_element(title).perform()
options = self.driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR,'.options>div:nth-child(1)')
ActionChains(self.driver).click(options).perform()
time.sleep(5)滚轮/滚动操作
- 滚动到元素
- 根据坐标滚动
- 注意： selenium 版本需要在 4.2 之后
https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/webdriver/actions_api/wheel/#tabs-3-1
滚轮/滚动操作-滚动到元素
scroll_to_element(WebElement对象):滚动到某个元素
class TestScrollDemo:
def setup_class(self):
self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
self.driver.implicitly_wait(3)
def teardown_class(self):
self.driver.quit()
def test_scoll_to_element(self):
# 演练环境
self.driver.get("https://ceshiren.com/")
# 4.2 之后才提供这个方法
ele = self.driver.find_element\
(By.XPATH, "//*[text()='怎么写高可用集群部署的测试方案？']")
ActionChains(self.driver).scroll_to_element(ele).perform()
time.sleep(5)滚轮/滚动操作-根据坐标滚动
scroll_by_amount(横坐标, 纵坐标)
class TestScrollDemo:
def setup_class(self):
self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
self.driver.implicitly_wait(3)
def teardown_class(self):
self.driver.quit()
def test_scroll_to_amount(self):
# 演练环境
self.driver.get("https://ceshiren.com/")
# 4.2 之后才提供这个方法
ActionChains(self.driver).scroll_by_amount(0, 10000).perform()
time.sleep(5)