Flutter 创建一个交错效果的侧边栏菜单

一、创建一个没有动画效果的菜单

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

class Menu extends StatefulWidget {
  const Menu({super.key});

  @override
  State<Menu> createState() => _MenuState();
}

class _MenuState extends State<Menu> {
  static const _menuTitles = [
    'Declarative Style',
    'Premade Widgets',
    'Stateful Hot Reload',
    'Native Performance',
    'Great Community',
  ];
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Container(
      color: Colors.white,
      child: Stack(
        children: [
          _buildFlutterLogo(),
          _buildContent(),
        ],
      ),
    );
  }

  Widget _buildFlutterLogo() {

    return Container();
  }

  Widget _buildContent() {

    return Column(
      crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.start,
      children: [
        const SizedBox(height: 16),
        ..._buildListItems(),
        const Spacer(),
        _buildGetStartedButton(),
      ],
    );
  }

  List<Widget> _buildListItems() {
    final listItems = <Widget>[];
    for (var i = 0; i < _menuTitles.length; ++i) {
      listItems.add(
        Padding(
          padding: const EdgeInsets.symmetric(horizontal: 36, vertical: 16),
          child: Text(
            _menuTitles[i],
            textAlign: TextAlign.left,
            style: const TextStyle(
              fontSize: 24,
              fontWeight: FontWeight.w500,
            ),
          ),
        ),
      );
    }
    return listItems;
  }

  Widget _buildGetStartedButton() {
    return SizedBox(
      width: double.infinity,
      child: Padding(
        padding: const EdgeInsets.all(24),
        child: ElevatedButton(
          style: ElevatedButton.styleFrom(
            shape: const StadiumBorder(),
            backgroundColor: Colors.blue,
            padding: const EdgeInsets.symmetric(horizontal: 48, vertical: 14),
          ),
          onPressed: () {},
          child: const Text(
            'Get Started',
            style: TextStyle(
              color: Colors.white,
              fontSize: 22,
            ),
          ),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

二、准备动画

动画计时的控制需要 AnimationController
在MenuState添加SingleTickerProviderStateMixin,然后声明并实例化一个AnimationController

class _MenuState extends State<Menu> with SingleTickerProviderStateMixin {
  late AnimationController _staggeredController;

  @override
  void initState() {
    super.initState();

    _staggeredController = AnimationController(
      vsync: this,
    );
  }
}

  @override
  void dispose() {
    _staggeredController.dispose();
    super.dispose();
  }
}

定义动画延迟、单个动画持续时间和总动画持续时间。

class _MenuState extends State<Menu> with SingleTickerProviderStateMixin {
  static const _initialDelayTime = Duration(milliseconds: 50);
  static const _itemSlideTime = Duration(milliseconds: 250);
  static const _staggerTime = Duration(milliseconds: 50);
  static const _buttonDelayTime = Duration(milliseconds: 150);
  static const _buttonTime = Duration(milliseconds: 500);
  final _animationDuration = _initialDelayTime +
      (_staggerTime * _menuTitles.length) +
      _buttonDelayTime +
      _buttonTime;
}

在这种情况下，所有动画延迟50毫秒。之后，列表项开始出现。在前一个列表项开始滑动后，每个列表项的出现延迟50毫秒。每个列表项从右向左滑动需要250毫秒。在最后一个列表项开始滑动后，底部的按钮等待另一个150毫秒弹出。按钮动画耗时500毫秒。

定义每个延迟和动画持续时间后，计算总持续时间，以便可以使用它来计算单个动画时间。

所需的动画时间如下图所示:

若要在较大动画的子部分中对某个值进行动画处理，Flutter提供了Interval类。Interval包含开始时间百分比和结束时间百分比。然后，Interval可以用来在这些开始和结束时间之间动画一个值，而不是使用整个动画的开始和结束时间。例如，给定一个耗时1秒的动画，0.2到0.5的间隔将以200毫秒(20%)开始，500毫秒(50%)结束。

声明并计算每个列表项的间隔和底部按钮的间隔。

class _MenuState extends State<Menu> with SingleTickerProviderStateMixin {
  final List<Interval> _itemSlideIntervals = [];
  late Interval _buttonInterval;

  @override
  void initState() {
    super.initState();

    _createAnimationIntervals();

    _staggeredController = AnimationController(
      vsync: this,
      duration: _animationDuration,
    );
  }

  void _createAnimationIntervals() {
    for (var i = 0; i < _menuTitles.length; ++i) {
      final startTime = _initialDelayTime + (_staggerTime * i);
      final endTime = startTime + _itemSlideTime;
      _itemSlideIntervals.add(
        Interval(
          startTime.inMilliseconds / _animationDuration.inMilliseconds,
          endTime.inMilliseconds / _animationDuration.inMilliseconds,
        ),
      );
    }

    final buttonStartTime =
        Duration(milliseconds: (_menuTitles.length * 50)) + _buttonDelayTime;
    final buttonEndTime = buttonStartTime + _buttonTime;
    _buttonInterval = Interval(
      buttonStartTime.inMilliseconds / _animationDuration.inMilliseconds,
      buttonEndTime.inMilliseconds / _animationDuration.inMilliseconds,
    );
  }
}

三、给列表和按钮添加动画

当菜单变得可见时，交错动画就会播放。
initState()中开始动画.

@override
void initState() {
  super.initState();

  _createAnimationIntervals();

  _staggeredController = AnimationController(
    vsync: this,
    duration: _animationDuration,
  )..forward();
}

每个列表项从右向左滑动并同时淡入。
使用列表项的Interval和easeOut曲线来动画显示每个列表项的不透明度和平移值。

List<Widget> _buildListItems() {
  final listItems = <Widget>[];
  for (var i = 0; i < _menuTitles.length; ++i) {
    listItems.add(
      AnimatedBuilder(
        animation: _staggeredController,
        builder: (context, child) {
          final animationPercent = Curves.easeOut.transform(
            _itemSlideIntervals[i].transform(_staggeredController.value),
          );
          final opacity = animationPercent;
          final slideDistance = (1.0 - animationPercent) * 150;

          return Opacity(
            opacity: opacity,
            child: Transform.translate(
              offset: Offset(slideDistance, 0),
              child: child,
            ),
          );
        },
        child: Padding(
          padding: const EdgeInsets.symmetric(horizontal: 36, vertical: 16),
          child: Text(
            _menuTitles[i],
            textAlign: TextAlign.left,
            style: const TextStyle(
              fontSize: 24,
              fontWeight: FontWeight.w500,
            ),
          ),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
  return listItems;
}

使用相同的方法来设置底部按钮的不透明度和比例。这一次，使用elasticOut曲线给按钮一个有弹性的效果。

Widget _buildGetStartedButton() {
  return SizedBox(
    width: double.infinity,
    child: Padding(
      padding: const EdgeInsets.all(24),
      child: AnimatedBuilder(
        animation: _staggeredController,
        builder: (context, child) {
          final animationPercent = Curves.elasticOut.transform(
              _buttonInterval.transform(_staggeredController.value));
          final opacity = animationPercent.clamp(0.0, 1.0);
          final scale = (animationPercent * 0.5) + 0.5;

          return Opacity(
            opacity: opacity,
            child: Transform.scale(
              scale: scale,
              child: child,
            ),
          );
        },
        child: ElevatedButton(
          style: ElevatedButton.styleFrom(
            shape: const StadiumBorder(),
            backgroundColor: Colors.blue,
            padding: const EdgeInsets.symmetric(horizontal: 48, vertical: 14),
          ),
          onPressed: () {},
          child: const Text(
            'Get Started',
            style: TextStyle(
              color: Colors.white,
              fontSize: 22,
            ),
          ),
        ),
      ),
    ),
  );
}