来自：https://www.cnblogs.com/schips/p/12505021.html
Linux 环境编程：errno的基本用法
背景
error是一个包含在<errno.h>中的预定义的外部int变量，用于表示最近一个函数调用是否产生了错误。若为0，则无错误，其它值均表示一类错误。
errno只在函数返回错误时才有意义，当函数执行正常返回时并不会重置errno，因此此时的errno是不能作为错误处理的。所以在有些时候需要清理error。
perror()和strerrot()函数可以把errno的值转化为有意义的字符输出。
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(void){
opendir("/tmp/no_exist");
//用法1：直接读取errno的值
printf("errno = %d\n", errno);
//用法2：使用perror函数，把error的值转化为有意义的字符提示。
if(errno != 0){
perror("opendir: ");
// exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
// 补充一个可以 格式化打印的
fprintf(stderr, "[%s] %s\n", "opendir", strerror(errno));
//用法3：类似用法2，但使用strerror函数。
if(errno != 0){
printf("%s\n", strerror(errno));
exit(0);
}
exit(0);
}
输出结果为：
errno = 2
opendir: : No such file or directory
No such file or directory
以下程序用于显示所有的错误代码含义
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(void){
for(int i = 0; i < 140; i++){
printf("%4d:%s\n", i, strerror(i));
}
return 0;
}
输出结果如下：
0:Success
1:Operation not permitted
2:No such file or directory
3:No such process
4:Interrupted system call
5:Input/output error
6:No such device or address
7:Argument list too long
8:Exec format error
9:Bad file descriptor
10:No child processes
11:Resource temporarily unavailable
12:Cannot allocate memory
13:Permission denied
14:Bad address
15:Block device required
16:Device or resource busy
17:File exists
18:Invalid cross-device link
19:No such device
20:Not a directory
21:Is a directory
22:Invalid argument
23:Too many open files in system
24:Too many open files
25:Inappropriate ioctl for device
26:Text file busy
27:File too large
28:No space left on device
29:Illegal seek
30:Read-only file system
31:Too many links
32:Broken pipe
33:Numerical argument out of domain
34:Numerical result out of range
35:Resource deadlock avoided
36:File name too long
37:No locks available
38:Function not implemented
39:Directory not empty
40:Too many levels of symbolic links
41:Unknown error 41
42:No message of desired type
43:Identifier removed
44:Channel number out of range
45:Level 2 not synchronized
46:Level 3 halted
47:Level 3 reset
48:Link number out of range
49:Protocol driver not attached
50:No CSI structure available
51:Level 2 halted
52:Invalid exchange
53:Invalid request descriptor
54:Exchange full
55:No anode
56:Invalid request code
57:Invalid slot
58:Unknown error 58
59:Bad font file format
60:Device not a stream
61:No data available
62:Timer expired
63:Out of streams resources
64:Machine is not on the network
65:Package not installed
66:Object is remote
67:Link has been severed
68:Advertise error
69:Srmount error
70:Communication error on send
71:Protocol error
72:Multihop attempted
73:RFS specific error
74:Bad message
75:Value too large for defined data type
76:Name not unique on network
77:File descriptor in bad state
78:Remote address changed
79:Can not access a needed shared library
80:Accessing a corrupted shared library
81:.lib section in a.out corrupted
82:Attempting to link in too many shared libraries
83:Cannot exec a shared library directly
84:Invalid or incomplete multibyte or wide character
85:Interrupted system call should be restarted
86:Streams pipe error
87:Too many users
88:Socket operation on non-socket
89:Destination address required
90:Message too long
91:Protocol wrong type for socket
92:Protocol not available
93:Protocol not supported
94:Socket type not supported
95:Operation not supported
96:Protocol family not supported
97:Address family not supported by protocol
98:Address already in use
99:Cannot assign requested address
100:Network is down
101:Network is unreachable
102:Network dropped connection on reset
103:Software caused connection abort
104:Connection reset by peer
105:No buffer space available
106:Transport endpoint is already connected
107:Transport endpoint is not connected
108:Cannot send after transport endpoint shutdown
109:Too many references: cannot splice
110:Connection timed out
111:Connection refused
112:Host is down
113:No route to host
114:Operation already in progress
115:Operation now in progress
116:Stale file handle
117:Structure needs cleaning
118:Not a XENIX named type file
119:No XENIX semaphores available
120:Is a named type file
121:Remote I/O error
122:Disk quota exceeded
123:No medium found
124:Wrong medium type
125:Operation canceled
126:Required key not available
127:Key has expired
128:Key has been revoked
129:Key was rejected by service
130:Owner died
131:State not recoverable
132:Operation not possible due to RF-kill
133:Memory page has hardware error
134:Unknown error 134
135:Unknown error 135
136:Unknown error 136
137:Unknown error 137
138:Unknown error 138
139:Unknown error 139