task1源代码：
#pragma once
#include <iostream>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
class Point {
public:
Point(int x0 = 0, int y0 = 0);
~Point() = default;
int get_x() const;
int get_y() const;
void show() const;
void move(int new_x, int new_y);
private:
int x, y;
};
Point::Point(int x0, int y0): x{x0}, y{y0} {
}
int Point::get_x() const {
return x;
}
int Point::get_y() const {
return y;
}
void Point::show() const {
cout << "(" << x << ", " << y << ")" << endl;
}
void Point::move(int new_x, int new_y) {
x = new_x;
y = new_y;
}
point.hpp
1 #include <iostream>
2 #include "point.hpp"
3 #include <vector>
4
5 using std::vector;
6 using std::cin;
7
8 // 输出vector<Point>对象内所有点的坐标
9 void output(const vector<Point> &v) {
10 for(auto &t: v)
11 t.show();
12 }
13
14 void test() {
15 int n;
16 cout << "输入动态Point数组类对象中元素个数: ";
17 cin >> n;
18
19 vector<Point> x(n);
20 cout << "x对象中所有点坐标信息: " << endl;
21 output(x);
22
23 vector<Point> y(x); // 基于vector<Point>对象x构建对象y
24 cout << "\nx对象中所有点坐标信息: " << endl;
25 output(y);
26
27 cout << "\n更新x对象......" << endl;
28 x.at(0).move(30, 50); // 更新对象x内索引为0的点对象坐标
29 x.push_back(Point(2, 2)); // 向x对象末尾添加一个点对象
30
31 cout << "\nx对象中所有点坐标信息: " << endl;
32 output(x);
33 cout << "\ny对象中所有点坐标信息: " << endl;
34 output(y);
35 }
36
37 int main() {
38 test();
39 }
task1.cpp
运行结果：
问题1：没变化
问题2：浅复制
task2源代码：
1 #pragma once
2
3 #include <iostream>
4 using std::cout;
5 using std::endl;
6
7 class Point {
8 public:
9 Point(int x0 = 0, int y0 = 0);
10 ~Point() = default;
11
12 int get_x() const;
13 int get_y() const;
14 void show() const;
15 void move(int new_x, int new_y);
16
17 private:
18 int x, y;
19 };
20
21 Point::Point(int x0, int y0): x{x0}, y{y0} {
22 }
23
24 int Point::get_x() const {
25 return x;
26 }
27
28 int Point::get_y() const {
29 return y;
30 }
31
32 void Point::show() const {
33 cout << "(" << x << ", " << y << ")" << endl;
34 }
35
36 void Point::move(int new_x, int new_y) {
37 x = new_x;
38 y = new_y;
39 }
point,hpp
1 #pragma once
2
3 #include "point.hpp"
4 #include <cassert>
5 #include <iostream>
6
7 class vectorPoint{
8 public:
9 vectorPoint(int n);
10 ~vectorPoint();
11
12 int get_size() const; // 获得当前动态数组内元素个数
13 Point& at(int index); // 返回下标为index的元素引用
14 Point& at(int index) const; // 返回下标为index的元素const引用
15
16 private:
17 int size; // 动态数组的大小
18 Point *ptr;
19 };
20
21 vectorPoint::vectorPoint(int n) : size{n} {
22 ptr = new Point[n];
23 }
24
25 vectorPoint::~vectorPoint() {
26 delete[] ptr;
27 }
28
29 int vectorPoint::get_size() const {
30 return size;
31 }
32
33 Point& vectorPoint::at(int index) {
34 assert(index >= 0 && index < size); // 宏，在测试模式下工作。如果不满足条件，则程序终止
35 return ptr[index];
36 }
37
38 Point& vectorPoint::at(int index) const {
39 assert(index >= 0 && index < size);
40 return ptr[index];
41 }
vectorPoint.hpp
1 #include "vectorPoint.hpp"
2 #include <iostream>
3
4 // 输出vectorPoint对象内的所有数据
5 void output(const vectorPoint &v) {
6 for(auto i = 0; i < v.get_size(); ++i)
7 v.at(i).show();
8 }
9
10 // 测试vectorPoint类：构造对象、复制构造对象
11 void test() {
12 using namespace std;
13
14 int n;
15 cout << "输入vectorPoint对象中元素个数: ";
16 cin >> n;
17
18 vectorPoint x(n);
19 cout << "x对象中所有点坐标信息: " << endl;
20 output(x);
21
22 vectorPoint y(x);
23 cout << "\ny对象中所有点坐标信息: " << endl;
24 output(y);
25
26 cout << "\n更新x对象中点坐标信息......" << endl;
27 x.at(0).move(30, 50);
28 x.at(1).move(-1, -1);
29
30 cout << "x对象中所有点坐标信息: " << endl;
31 output(x);
32
33 cout << "\ny对象中所有点坐标信息: " << endl;
34 output(y);
35 }
36
37 int main() {
38 test();
39 }
task2.cpp
运行结果：
问题1：变化
问题2：浅复制
问题3：浅复制
task3源代码：
1 #pragma once
2
3 #include <iostream>
4 using std::cout;
5 using std::endl;
6
7 class Point {
8 public:
9 Point(int x0 = 0, int y0 = 0);
10 ~Point() = default;
11
12 int get_x() const;
13 int get_y() const;
14 void show() const;
15 void move(int new_x, int new_y);
16
17 private:
18 int x, y;
19 };
20
21 Point::Point(int x0, int y0): x{x0}, y{y0} {
22 }
23
24 int Point::get_x() const {
25 return x;
26 }
27
28 int Point::get_y() const {
29 return y;
30 }
31
32 void Point::show() const {
33 cout << "(" << x << ", " << y << ")" << endl;
34 }
35
36 void Point::move(int new_x, int new_y) {
37 x = new_x;
38 y = new_y;
39 }
point.hpp
1 #pragma once
2
3 #include "point.hpp"
4 #include <cassert>
5 #include <iostream>
6
7 class vectorPoint{
8 public:
9 vectorPoint(int n);
10 vectorPoint(const vectorPoint &vp);
11 ~vectorPoint();
12
13 int get_size() const; // 获得当前动态数组内元素个数
14 Point& at(int index); // 返回下标为index的元素引用
15 Point& at(int index) const; // 返回下标为index的元素const引用
16
17 private:
18 int size; // 动态数组的大小
19 Point *ptr;
20 };
21
22 vectorPoint::vectorPoint(int n) : size{n} {
23 ptr = new Point[n];
24 }
25
26 vectorPoint::vectorPoint(const vectorPoint &vp): size{vp.size}, ptr{new Point[size]} {
27 for(auto i = 0; i < size; ++i)
28 ptr[i] = vp.ptr[i];
29 }
30
31 vectorPoint::~vectorPoint() {
32 delete[] ptr;
33 }
34
35 int vectorPoint::get_size() const {
36 return size;
37 }
38
39 Point& vectorPoint::at(int index) {
40 assert(index >= 0 && index < size); // 宏，在测试模式下工作。如果不满足条件，则程序终止
41 return ptr[index];
42 }
43
44 Point& vectorPoint::at(int index) const {
45 assert(index >= 0 && index < size);
46 return ptr[index];
47 }
vector.hpp
1 #include "vectorPoint.hpp"
2 #include <iostream>
3
4 // 输出vectorPoint对象内的所有数据
5 void output(const vectorPoint &v) {
6 for(auto i = 0; i < v.get_size(); ++i)
7 v.at(i).show();
8 }
9
10 // 测试vectorPoint类：构造对象、复制构造对象
11 void test() {
12 using namespace std;
13
14 int n;
15 cout << "输入vectorPoint对象中元素个数: ";
16 cin >> n;
17
18 vectorPoint x(n);
19 cout << "x对象中所有点坐标信息: " << endl;
20 output(x);
21
22 vectorPoint y(x);
23 cout << "\ny对象中所有点坐标信息: " << endl;
24 output(y);
25
26 cout << "\n更新x对象中点坐标信息......" << endl;
27 x.at(0).move(30, 50);
28 x.at(1).move(-1, -1);
29
30 cout << "x对象中所有点坐标信息: " << endl;
31 output(x);
32
33 cout << "\ny对象中所有点坐标信息: " << endl;
34 output(y);
35 }
36
37 int main() {
38 test();
39 }
task3.cpp
运行结果：
问题1：不变化
问题2：深复制
问题3：浅复制只复制指针，新旧指针都指向同一个内存空间；深复制单独分配数据空间
task4源代码：
1 #include <iostream>
2 using namespace std;
3
4 // 函数声明
5 void swap1(int &rx, int &ry); // 引用作为形参
6 void swap2(int *px, int *py); // 指针作为形参
7 void print(int x, int y); // 普通变量作为形参
8
9 // 测试代码
10 void test() {
11 int x = 3, y = 4;
12
13 print(x, y);
14 swap1(x, y); // 函数调用，注意：引用作为形参时，实参形式
15 print(x, y);
16
17 cout << endl;
18
19 x = 3, y = 4;
20 print(x, y);
21 swap2(&x, &y); // 函数调用，注意：指针作为形参时，实参形式
22 print(x, y);
23 }
24
25 int main() {
26 test();
27 }
28
29 // 函数定义：交换两个变量（引用变量作为形参）
30 void swap1(int &rx, int &ry) {
31 int t;
32
33 t = rx; rx = ry; ry = t;
34 }
35
36 // 函数定义：交换两个变量（指针变量作为形参）
37 void swap2(int *px, int *py) {
38 int t;
39
40 t = *px; *px = *py; *py = t;
41 }
42
43 // 函数定义：输出两个变量（普通变量作为形参）
44 void print(int x, int y) {
45 std::cout << "x = " << x << ", y = " << y << "\n";
46 }
task4_1.cpp
1 #include <iostream>
2 #include <typeinfo>
3 using namespace std;
4
5 int main() {
6 int a;
7
8 int &ra = a;
9 ra = 4;
10
11 int *pa = &a;
12 *pa = 5;
13
14 // 以十六进制形式输出普通变量a, 引用变量ra，指针变量pa的地址
15 cout << "&a = " << hex << &a << endl;
16 cout << "&ra = " << hex << &ra << endl;
17 cout << "&pa = " << hex << &pa << "\n\n";
18
19 // 输出普通变量a, 引用变量ra，指针变量pa的值
20 cout << "a = " << a << endl;
21 cout << "ra = " << a << endl;
22 cout << "pa = " << hex << pa << endl;
23
24 // 输出指针变量pa指向的变量的值
25 cout << "*pa = " << *pa << "\n\n";
26
27 // 输出普通变量a，引用变量ra, 指针变量pa的类型信息
28 cout << "type a: " << typeid(a).name() << endl;
29 cout << "type ra: " << typeid(ra).name() << endl;
30 cout << "type pa: " << typeid(pa).name() << endl;
31 }
task4_2.cpp
1 #include <iostream>
2 #include <vector>
3
4 using namespace std;
5
6 template<typename T>
7 void output(const T &x) {
8 for(auto i: x)
9 std::cout << i << ", ";
10 std::cout << "\b\b \n";
11 }
12
13 template<typename T>
14 void square1(T &x) {
15 for(auto i: x) // i是普通类型
16 i *= i;
17 }
18
19 template<typename T>
20 void square2(T &x) {
21 for(auto &i: x) // i是引用类型
22 i *= i;
23 }
24
25 void test1() {
26 vector<int> x {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
27
28 cout << "动态int型数组对象x内的元素值: ";
29 output(x);
30
31 cout << "调用函数square1()......" << endl;
32 square1(x);
33
34 cout << "动态int型数组对象x内的元素值: ";
35 output(x);
36 }
37
38 void test2() {
39 vector<int> x {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
40
41 cout << "动态int型数组对象x内的元素值: ";
42 output(x);
43
44 cout << "调用函数square2()......" << endl;
45 square2(x);
46
47 cout << "动态int型数组对象x内的元素值: ";
48 output(x);
49 }
50
51 int main() {
52 cout << "测试1: " << endl;
53 test1();
54
55 cout << "\n测试2: " << endl;
56 test2();
57 }
View Code
运行结果：
问题：指针用来表示或存储一个存储器地址，这个地址的值直接指向存在该地址的对象的值
引用是一种简单的引用数据类型，用于函数参数和返回值类型，更安全
task5源代码：
1 #pragma once
2
3 #include<iostream>
4
5 using namespace std;
6
7 class vectorInt {
8 public:
9 vectorInt(int n);
10 vectorInt(int n, int value);
11 vectorInt(const vectorInt &v);
12 ~vectorInt();
13
14 int get_size() const;
15 int& at(int n);
16 int& at(int n) const;
17
18 private:
19 int size;
20 int *ptr;
21 };
22
23 vectorInt::vectorInt(int n): size{n} {
24 ptr = new int[n];
25 cout << "constructor vectorInt(int n) called." << endl;
26 }
27
28 vectorInt::vectorInt(int n, int value): size{n} {
29 ptr = new int[n];
30 for(int i=0;i<size;i++) {
31 ptr[i] = value;
32 }
33 cout << "constructor vectorInt(int n, int value) called." << endl;
34 }
35
36 vectorInt::vectorInt(const vectorInt &v): size{v.size} {
37 ptr = new int[size];
38 for(int i=0;i<size;i++) {
39 ptr[i] = v.ptr[i];
40 }
41 cout << "copy constructor called." << endl;
42 }
43
44 vectorInt::~vectorInt() {
45 delete[] ptr;
46 cout << "destructor called." << endl;
47 }
48
49 int vectorInt::get_size() const {
50 return size;
51 }
52
53 int& vectorInt::at(int n) {
54 return ptr[n];
55 }
56
57 int& vectorInt::at(int n) const {
58 return ptr[n];
59 }
vectorInt.hpp
1 #include "vectorInt.hpp"
2 #include <iostream>
3
4 using std::cout;
5 using std::cin;
6 using std::endl;
7
8 void output(const vectorInt &vi) {
9 for(auto i = 0; i < vi.get_size(); ++i)
10 cout << vi.at(i) << ", ";
11 cout << "\b\b \n";
12 }
13
14 void test() {
15 int n;
16 cout << "输入vectorInt对象中元素个数: ";
17 cin >> n;
18
19 vectorInt x1(n); // 构造动态int数组对象x1，包含n个元素，不对元素初始化
20 for(auto i = 0; i < n; ++i)
21 x1.at(i) = i*i;
22 cout << "vectorInt对象x1: ";
23 output(x1);
24
25 vectorInt x2(n, 42); // 构造动态int数组对象x1，包含n个元素，每个元素初始值为42
26 cout << "vectorInt对象x2: ";
27 output(x2);
28 vectorInt x3(x2); // 使用x2构造x3
29 cout << "vectorInt对象x3: ";
30 output(x3);
31
32 cout << "更新vectorInt对象x2......\n";
33 x2.at(0) = 77;
34 x2.at(1) = -999;
35
36 cout << "vectorInt对象x2: ";
37 output(x2);
38 cout << "vectorInt对象x3: ";
39 output(x3);
40 }
41
42 int main() {
43 test();
44 }
task5.cpp
运行结果：
task6源代码：
#pragma once
#include <iostream>
#include <cassert>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
// 类Matrix的声明
class Matrix {
public:
Matrix(int n, int m); // 构造函数，构造一个n*m的矩阵
Matrix(int n); // 构造函数，构造一个n*n的矩阵
Matrix(const Matrix &x); // 复制构造函数， 使用已有的矩阵X构造
~Matrix();
void set(const double *pvalue); // 用pvalue指向的连续内存块数据按行为矩阵赋值
void set(int i, int j, double value); // 设置矩阵对象索引(i,j)的元素值为value
double& at(int i, int j) const; // 返回矩阵对象索引(i,j)的元素引用
double& at(int i, int j); // 返回矩阵对象索引(i,j)的元素引用
int get_lines() const; // 返回矩阵对象行数
int get_cols() const; // 返回矩阵对象列数
void print() const; // 按行打印输出矩阵对象元素值
private:
int lines; // 矩阵对象内元素行数
int cols; // 矩阵对象内元素列数
double *ptr;
};
Matrix::Matrix(int n, int m): lines{n}, cols{m} {
ptr = new double[n * m];
}
Matrix::Matrix(int n): lines{n}, cols{n} {
ptr = new double[n * n];
}
Matrix::Matrix(const Matrix &x): lines{x.lines}, cols{x.cols} {
ptr = new double[lines * cols];
for(int i=0;i<lines * cols;i++) {
ptr[i] = x.ptr[i];
}
}
Matrix::~Matrix() {
delete[] ptr;
}
void Matrix::set(const double *pvalue) {
for(int i=0,;i<lines;i++) {
for(int j=0;j<cols;j++)
ptr[i] = pvalue[j];
}
}
void Matrix::set(int i,int j, double value) {
ptr[i * lines + j] = value;
}
double& Matrix::at(int i, int j) {
return ptr[i * lines + j];
}
double& Matrix::at(int i, int j) const {
return ptr[i * lines + j];
}
int Matrix::get_lines() const {
return lines;
}
int Matrix::get_cols() const {
return cols;
}
void Matrix::print() const {
for(int i=0;i<lines;i++) {
for(int j=0;j<cols;j++) {
cout << ptr[linrd * i + j] << ", ";
}
cout << endl;
}
}
matrix.hpp
1 #include <iostream>
2 #include "matrix.hpp"
3
4 using namespace std;
5
6 const int N1 = 3;
7 const int N2 = 2;
8
9 // 输出一个矩阵对象中索引为index对应的行的所有元素值
10 void output(const Matrix &m, int index) {
11 for(auto j = 0; j < m.get_cols(); ++j)
12 cout << m.at(index, j) << ", ";
13 cout << "\b\b \n";
14 }
15
16 void test() {
17
18
19 double x[N1*N2] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6};
20
21 Matrix m1(N1, N2); // 创建一个N1×N2矩阵
22 m1.set(x); // 用一维数组x的值按行为矩阵m1赋值
23 cout << "矩阵对象m1: " << endl;
24 m1.print(); // 打印矩阵m1的值
25 cout << "矩阵对象m1第0行是: " << endl;
26 output(m1, 0);
27 cout << endl;
28
29 Matrix m2(N2, N1);
30 m2.set(x);
31 cout << "矩阵对象m2: " << endl;
32 m2.print();
33 cout << "矩阵对象m2第0行是: " << endl;
34 output(m2, 0);
35 cout << endl;
36
37 Matrix m3(m2); // 用矩阵m2构造新的矩阵m3
38 m3.set(0, 0, 999); // 讲矩阵对象m2索引(0,0)元素设为999
39 cout << "矩阵对象m3:" << endl;
40 m3.print();
41 cout << endl;
42
43 Matrix m4(2); // 创建一个2*2矩阵对象
44 m4.set(x); // 用一维数组x的值按行为矩阵m4赋值
45 cout << "矩阵对象m4:" << endl;
46 m4.print();
47 }
48
49 int main() {
50 test();
51 }
task6.cpp
运行结果：
标签：const,Point,int,void,实验,vectorPoint,include From： https://www.cnblogs.com/atry/p/17811124.html