实验任务1
task1.cpp：
1 // 标准库string, vector, array基础用法
2 #include <iostream>
3 #include <string>
4 #include <vector>
5 #include <array>
6 // 函数模板
7 // 对满足特定条件的序列类型T对象，使用范围for输出
8 template<typename T>
9 void output1(const T &obj) {
10 for(auto i: obj)
11 std::cout << i << ", ";
12 std::cout << "\b\b \n";
13 }
14 // 函数模板
15 // 对满足特定条件的序列类型T对象，使用迭代器输出
16 template<typename T>
17 void output2(const T &obj) {
18 for(auto p = obj.begin(); p != obj.end(); ++p)
19 std::cout << *p << ", ";
20 std::cout << "\b\b \n";
21 }
22 // array模板类基础用法
23 void test_array() {
24 using namespace std;
25 array<int, 5> x1; // 创建一个array对象，包含5个int元素，未初始化
26 cout << "x1.size() = " << x1.size() << endl; // 输出元素个数
27 x1.fill(42); // 把x1的所有元素都用42填充
28 x1.at(0) = 999; // 把下标为0的元素值修改为999
29 x1[4] = -999; // 把下表为4的元素值修改为-999
30 cout << "x1: ";
31 output1(x1); // 调用模板函数output1输出x1
32 cout << "x1: ";
33 output2(x1); // 调用模板函数output1输出x1
34 array<int, 5> x2{x1};
35 cout << boolalpha << (x1 == x2) << endl;
36 x2.fill(22);
37 cout << "x2: ";
38 output1(x2);
39 swap(x1, x2); // 交换array对象x1, x2
40 cout << "x1: ";
41 output1(x1);
42 cout << "x2: ";
43 output1(x2);
44 }
45 // vector模板类基础用法
46 void test_vector() {
47 using namespace std;
48 vector<int> v1;
49 cout << v1.size() << endl; // 输出目前元素个数
50 cout << v1.max_size() << endl; // 输出元素个数之最大可能个数
51 v1.push_back(55); // 在v1末尾插入元素
52 cout << "v1: ";
53 output1(v1);
54 vector<int> v2 {1, 0, 5, 2};
55 v2.pop_back(); // 从v2末尾弹出一个元素
56 v2.erase(v2.begin()); // 删除v2.begin()位置的数据项
57 v2.insert(v2.begin(), 999); // 在v1.begin()之前的位置插入
58 v2.insert(v2.end(), -999); // 在v1.end()之前的位置插入
59 cout << v2.size() << endl;
60 cout << "v2: ";
61 output2(v2);
62 vector<int> v3(5, 42); //创建vector对象，包含5个元素，每个元素值都是42
63 cout << "v3: ";
64 output1(v3);
65 vector<int> v4(v3.begin(), v3.end()-2); // 创建vector对象，以v3对象的[v3.begin(), v3.end()-2)区间作为元素值
66 cout << "v4: ";
67 output1(v4);
68 }
69 // string类基础用法
70 void test_string() {
71 using namespace std;
72 string s1{"oop"};
73 cout << s1.size() << endl;
74 for(auto &i: s1)
75 i -= 32;
76 s1 += "2023";
77 s1.append(", hello");
78 cout << s1 << endl;
79 }
80 int main() {
81 using namespace std;
82
83 cout << "===========测试1: array模板类基础用法===========" << endl;
84 test_array();
85
86 cout << "\n===========测试2: vector模板类基础用法===========" << endl;
87 test_vector();
88
89 cout << "\n===========测试3: string类基础用法===========" << endl;
90 test_string();
91 }
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实验任务2
task2.cpp：
1 #include <iostream>
2 #include <complex>
3 // 测试标准库提供的复数类模板complex
4 void test_std_complex() {
5 using namespace std;
6 complex<double> c1{3, 4}, c2{4.5};
7 const complex<double> c3{c2};
8 cout << "c1 = " << c1 << endl;
9 cout << "c2 = " << c2 << endl;
10 cout << "c3 = " << c3 << endl;
11 cout << "c3.real = " << c3.real() << ", " << "c3.imag = " << c3.imag()
12 << endl;
13 cout << "c1 + c2 = " << c1 + c2 << endl;
14 cout << "c1 - c2 = " << c1 - c2 << endl;
15 cout << "abs(c1) = " << abs(c1) << endl; // abs()是标准库数学函数，对复数取模
16 cout << boolalpha; // 设置bool型值以true/false方式输出
17 cout << "c1 == c2: " << (c1 == c2) << endl;
18 cout << "c3 == c2: " << (c3 == c2) << endl;
19 complex<double> c4 = 2;
20 cout << "c4 = " << c4 << endl;
21 c4 += c1;
22 cout << "c4 = " << c4 << endl;
23 }
24 int main() {
25 test_std_complex();
26 }
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实验任务3
task3.cpp：
1 // 一个简单的类T：定义、使用
2 #include <iostream>
3 #include <string>
4 using namespace std;
5 // 类T的声明
6 class T {
7 public:
8 T(int x = 0, int y = 0); // 带有默认形值的构造函数
9 T(const T &t); // 复制构造函数
10 T(T &&t); // 移动构造函数
11 ~T(); // 析构函数
12 void set_m1(int x); // 设置T类对象的数据成员m1
13 int get_m1() const; // 获取T类对象的数据成员m1
14 int get_m2() const; // 获取T类对象的数据成员m2
15 void display() const; // 显示T类对象的信息
16 friend void func(); // 声明func()为T类友元函数
17 private:
18 int m1, m2;
19 public:
20 static void disply_count(); // 类方法，显示当前T类对象数目
21 public:
22 static const string doc; // 类属性，用于描述T类
23 static const int max_count; // 类属性，用于描述T类对象的上限
24 private:
25 static int count; // 类属性，用于描述当前T类对象数目
26 };
27 // 类的static数据成员：类外初始化
28 const string T::doc{"a simple class"};
29 const int T::max_count = 99;
30 int T::count = 0;
31 // 类T的实现
32 T::T(int x, int y): m1{x}, m2{y} {
33 ++count;
34 cout << "constructor called.\n";
35 }
36 T::T(const T &t): m1{t.m1}, m2{t.m2} {
37 ++count;
38 cout << "copy constructor called.\n";
39 }
40 T::T(T &&t): m1{t.m1}, m2{t.m2} {
41 ++count;
42 cout << "move constructor called.\n";
43 }
44 T::~T() {
45 --count;
46 cout << "destructor called.\n";
47 }
48 void T::set_m1(int x) {
49 m1 = x;
50 }
51 int T::get_m1() const {
52 return m1;
53 }
54 int T::get_m2() const {
55 return m2;
56 }
57 void T::display() const {
58 cout << m1 << ", " << m2 << endl;
59 }
60 // 类方法
61 void T::disply_count() {
62 cout << "T objects: " << count << endl;
63 }
64 // 友元函数func()：实现
65 void func() {
66 T t1;
67 t1.set_m1(55);
68 t1.m2 = 77; // 虽然m2是私有成员，依然可以直接访问
69 t1.display();
70 }
71 // 测试
72 void test() {
73 cout << "T class info: " << T::doc << endl;
74 cout << "T objects max_count: " << T::max_count << endl;
75 T::disply_count();
76 T t1;
77 t1.display();
78 t1.set_m1(42);
79 T t2{t1};
80 t2.display();
81 T t3{std::move(t1)};
82 t3.display();
83 t1.display();
84 T::disply_count();
85 }
86 // 主函数
87 int main() {
88 cout << "============测试类T============" << endl;
89 test();
90 cout << endl;
91 cout << "============测试友元函数func()============" << endl;
92 func();
93 }
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实验任务4
task4.cpp：
1 #include <iostream>
2 #include <string>
3 #include <iomanip>
4 using namespace std;
5 // 矩形类Rect的定义
6 class Rect {
7 static int count; // 静态成员变量，记录矩形对象的数量
8 public:
9 double length;
10 double width;
11 static string doc; // 静态成员变量，矩形类的信息
12 Rect() : length(2.00), width(1.00)
13 {
14 count++;
15 }
16 Rect(double l, double w) : length(l), width(w)
17 {
18 count++;
19 }
20 Rect(const Rect& r) : length(r.length), width(r.width)
21 {
22 count++;
23 }
24 ~Rect()
25 {
26 count--;
27 }
28 void resize(double l, double w)
29 {
30 length = l;
31 width = w;
32 }
33 void resize(double s)
34 {
35 length = s;
36 width = s;
37 }
38 double area() const
39 {
40 return length * width;
41 }
42 double perimeter() const
43 {
44 return 2 * (length + width);
45 }
46
47 static int size_info()
48 {
49 return count;
50 }
51 };
52 int Rect::count = 0;
53 string Rect::doc = "a simple Rect class";
54 // 普通函数：输出矩形信息
55 void output(const Rect &r) {
56 cout << "矩形信息: " << endl;
57 cout << fixed << setprecision(2);
58 cout << "长: " << r.length << endl;
59 cout << "宽: " << r.width << endl;
60 cout << "面积: " << r.area() << endl;
61 cout << "周长: " << r.perimeter() << endl;
62 }
63
64 // 测试代码
65 void test() {
66 cout << "矩形类信息: " << Rect::doc << endl;
67 cout << "当前矩形对象数目: " << Rect::size_info() << endl;
68 Rect r1;
69 output(r1);
70 Rect r2(4, 3);
71 output(r2);
72 Rect r3(r2);
73 r3.resize(2);
74 output(r3);
75 r3.resize(5, 2);
76 output(r3);
77 cout << "当前矩形对象数目: " << Rect::size_info() << endl;
78 }
79
80 // 主函数
81 int main() {
82 test();
83 cout << "当前矩形对象数目: " << Rect::size_info() << endl;
84 return 0;
85 }
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实验任务5
task5.cpp:
1 #include <iostream>
2 #include <cmath>
3 using namespace std;
4 // 复数类Complex的定义
5 class Complex {
6 private:
7 double real; // 实部
8 double imag; // 虚部
9 public:
10 Complex() : real(0), imag(0) {}
11 Complex(double r) : real(r), imag(0) {}
12 Complex(double r, double i) : real(r), imag(i) {}
13 Complex(const Complex& c) : real(c.real), imag(c.imag) {}
14 double get_imag() const {
15 return imag;
16 }
17 void show() const {
18 cout << real;
19 if (imag >= 0) {
20 cout << " + " << imag << "i";
21 } else {
22 cout << " - " << -imag << "i";
23 }
24 }
25 friend double abs(const Complex& c);
26 friend bool is_equal(const Complex& c1, const Complex& c2);
27 friend Complex add(const Complex& c1, const Complex& c2);
28 void add(const Complex& c) {
29 real += c.real;
30 imag += c.imag;
31 }
32 Complex& operator+=(const Complex& c) {
33 add(c);
34 return *this;
35 }
36 };
37 // 求复数的绝对值
38 double abs(const Complex& c) {
39 return sqrt(c.real * c.real + c.imag * c.imag);
40 }
41 // 判断两个复数是否相等
42 bool is_equal(const Complex& c1, const Complex& c2) {
43 return c1.real == c2.real && c1.imag == c2.imag;
44 }
45 // 复数相加
46 Complex add(const Complex& c1, const Complex& c2) {
47 Complex result;
48 result.real = c1.real + c2.real;
49 result.imag = c1.imag + c2.imag;
50 return result;
51 }
52
53 // 复数类Complex的测试
54 void test() {
55 Complex c1(3, -4);
56 const Complex c2(4.5);
57 Complex c3(c1);
58 cout << "c1 = ";
59 c1.show();
60 cout << endl;
61 cout << "c2 = ";
62 c2.show();
63 cout << endl;
64 cout << "c2.imag = " << c2.get_imag() << endl;
65 cout << "c3 = ";
66 c3.show();
67 cout << endl;
68 cout << "abs(c1) = ";
69 cout << abs(c1) << endl;
70 cout << boolalpha;
71 cout << "c1 == c3 : " << is_equal(c1, c3) << endl;
72 cout << "c1 == c2 : " << is_equal(c1, c2) << endl;
73 Complex c4;
74 c4 = add(c1, c2);
75 cout << "c4 = c1 + c2 = ";
76 c4.show();
77 cout << endl;
78 c1 += c2;
79 cout << "c1 += c2, " << "c1 = ";
80 c1.show();
81 cout << endl;
82 }
83
84 int main() {
85 test();
86 return 0;
87 }
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标签：count,const,cout,对象,double,int,include From： https://www.cnblogs.com/CHENSHAOQIU/p/17775179.html