实验任务1
task1.cpp源码
1 // 标准库string, vector, array基础用法
2 #include <iostream>
3 #include <string>
4 #include <vector>
5 #include <array>
6
7 // 函数模板
8 // 对满足特定条件的序列类型T对象，使用范围for输出
9 template<typename T>
10 void output1(const T &obj) {
11 for (auto i : obj)
12 std::cout << i << ", ";
13 std::cout << "\b\b \n";
14 }
15
16 // 函数模板
17 // 对满足特定条件的序列类型T对象，使用迭代器输出
18 template<typename T>
19 void output2(const T &obj) {
20 for (auto p = obj.begin(); p != obj.end(); ++p)
21 std::cout << *p << ", ";
22 std::cout << "\b\b \n";
23 }
24
25 // array模板类基础用法
26 void test_array() {
27 using namespace std;
28 array<int, 5> x1; // 创建一个array对象，包含5个int元素，未初始化
29 cout << "x1.size() = " << x1.size() << endl; // 输出元素个数
30 x1.fill(42); // 把x1的所有元素都用42填充
31 x1.at(0) = 999; // 把下标为0的元素值修改为999
32 x1[4] = -999; // 把下表为4的元素值修改为-999
33 cout << "x1: ";
34 output1(x1); // 调用模板函数output1输出x1
35 cout << "x1: ";
36 output2(x1); // 调用模板函数output1输出x1
37 array<int, 5> x2{x1};
38 cout << boolalpha << (x1 == x2) << endl;
39 x2.fill(22);
40 cout << "x2: ";
41 output1(x2);
42 swap(x1, x2); // 交换array对象x1, x2
43 cout << "x1: ";
44 output1(x1);
45 cout << "x2: ";
46 output1(x2);
47 }
48
49 // vector模板类基础用法
50 void test_vector() {
51 using namespace std;
52 vector<int> v1;
53 cout << v1.size() << endl; // 输出目前元素个数
54 cout << v1.max_size() << endl; // 输出元素个数之最大可能个数
55 v1.push_back(55); // 在v1末尾插入元素
56 cout << "v1: ";
57 output1(v1);
58 vector<int> v2 {1, 0, 5, 2};
59 v2.pop_back(); // 从v2末尾弹出一个元素
60 v2.erase(v2.begin()); // 删除v2.begin()位置的数据项
61 v2.insert(v2.begin(), 999); // 在v1.begin()之前的位置插入
62 v2.insert(v2.end(), -999); // 在v1.end()之前的位置插入
63 cout << v2.size() << endl;
64 cout << "v2: ";
65 output2(v2);
66 vector<int> v3(5, 42); //创建vector对象，包含5个元素，每个元素值都是42
67 cout << "v3: ";
68 output1(v3);
69 vector<int> v4(v3.begin(), v3.end() - 2); // 创建vector对象，以v3对象的[v3.begin(), v3.end()-2)区间作为元素值
70 cout << "v4: ";
71 output1(v4);
72 }
73
74 // string类基础用法
75 void test_string() {
76 using namespace std;
77 string s1{"oop"};
78 cout << s1.size() << endl;
79 for (auto &i : s1)
80 i -= 32;
81 s1 += "2023";
82 s1.append(", hello");
83 cout << s1 << endl;
84 }
85
86 int main() {
87 using namespace std;
88 cout << "===========测试1: array模板类基础用法===========" << endl;
89 test_array();
90 cout << "\n===========测试2: vector模板类基础用法===========" << endl;
91 test_vector();
92 cout << "\n===========测试3: string类基础用法===========" << endl;
93 test_string();
94 }
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实验任务2
task2.cpp源码
1 #include <iostream>
2 #include <complex>
3
4 // 测试标准库提供的复数类模板complex
5 void test_std_complex() {
6 using namespace std;
7 complex<double> c1{3, 4}, c2{4.5};
8 const complex<double> c3{c2};
9 cout << "c1 = " << c1 << endl;
10 cout << "c2 = " << c2 << endl;
11 cout << "c3 = " << c3 << endl;
12 cout << "c3.real = " << c3.real() << ", " << "c3.imag = " << c3.imag()
13 << endl;
14 cout << "c1 + c2 = " << c1 + c2 << endl;
15 cout << "c1 - c2 = " << c1 - c2 << endl;
16 cout << "abs(c1) = " << abs(c1) << endl; // abs()是标准库数学函数，对复数取模
17 cout << boolalpha; // 设置bool型值以true/false方式输出
18 cout << "c1 == c2: " << (c1 == c2) << endl;
19 cout << "c3 == c2: " << (c3 == c2) << endl;
20 complex<double> c4 = 2;
21 cout << "c4 = " << c4 << endl;
22 c4 += c1;
23 cout << "c4 = " << c4 << endl;
24 }
25
26 int main() {
27 test_std_complex();
28 }
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实验任务3
task3.cpp源码
1 // 一个简单的类T：定义、使用
2 #include <iostream>
3 #include <string>
4 using namespace std;
5
6 // 类T的声明
7 class T {
8 public:
9 T(int x = 0, int y = 0); // 带有默认形值的构造函数
10 T(const T &t); // 复制构造函数
11 T(T &&t); // 移动构造函数
12 ~T(); // 析构函数
13 void set_m1(int x); // 设置T类对象的数据成员m1
14 int get_m1() const; // 获取T类对象的数据成员m1
15 int get_m2() const; // 获取T类对象的数据成员m2
16 void display() const; // 显示T类对象的信息
17 friend void func(); // 声明func()为T类友元函数
18 private:
19 int m1, m2;
20 public:
21 static void disply_count(); // 类方法，显示当前T类对象数目
22 public:
23 static const string doc; // 类属性，用于描述T类
24 static const int max_count; // 类属性，用于描述T类对象的上限
25 private:
26 static int count; // 类属性，用于描述当前T类对象数目
27 };
28
29 // 类的static数据成员：类外初始化
30 const string T::doc{"a simple class"};
31 const int T::max_count = 99;
32 int T::count = 0;
33
34 // 类T的实现
35 T::T(int x, int y): m1{x}, m2{y} {
36 ++count;
37 cout << "constructor called.\n";
38 }
39 T::T(const T &t): m1{t.m1}, m2{t.m2} {
40 ++count;
41 cout << "copy constructor called.\n";
42 }
43 T::T(T &&t): m1{t.m1}, m2{t.m2} {
44 ++count;
45 cout << "move constructor called.\n";
46 }
47 T::~T() {
48 --count;
49 cout << "destructor called.\n";
50 }
51 void T::set_m1(int x) {
52 m1 = x;
53 }
54 int T::get_m1() const {
55 return m1;
56 }
57 int T::get_m2() const {
58 return m2;
59 }
60 void T::display() const {
61 cout << m1 << ", " << m2 << endl;
62 }
63
64 // 类方法
65 void T::disply_count() {
66 cout << "T objects: " << count << endl;
67 }
68
69 // 友元函数func()：实现
70 void func() {
71 T t1;
72 t1.set_m1(55);
73 t1.m2 = 77; // 虽然m2是私有成员，依然可以直接访问
74 t1.display();
75 }
76
77 // 测试
78 void test() {
79 cout << "T class info: " << T::doc << endl;
80 cout << "T objects max_count: " << T::max_count << endl;
81 T::disply_count();
82 T t1;
83 t1.display();
84 t1.set_m1(42);
85 T t2{t1};
86 t2.display();
87 T t3{std::move(t1)};
88 t3.display();
89 t1.display();
90 T::disply_count();
91 }
92
93 // 主函数
94 int main() {
95 cout << "============测试类T============" << endl;
96 test();
97 cout << endl;
98 cout << "============测试友元函数func()============" << endl;
99 func();
100 }
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实验任务4
task4.cpp源码
1 #include <iostream>
2 #include <string>
3 #include <iomanip>
4 using namespace std;
5
6 // 矩形类Rect的定义
7 class Rect {
8 private:
9 static int size;
10 public:
11 static const string doc;
12 static int size_info() {
13 return size;
14 }
15 friend void test();
16 private:
17 double length, width;
18 public:
19 Rect(double l = 2.0, double w = 1.0) : length{l}, width{w} {
20 size++;
21 }
22 Rect(const Rect &obj) : length{obj.length}, width{obj.width} {
23 size++;
24 }
25 ~Rect() {
26 size--;
27 }
28 double len() const {
29 return length;
30 }
31 double wide() const {
32 return width;
33 }
34 double area() const {
35 return length * width;
36 }
37 double circumference() const {
38 return 2 * (length + width);
39 }
40 void resize(double times) {
41 length *= times;
42 width *= times;
43 }
44 void resize(double l_times, double w_times) {
45 length *= l_times;
46 width *= w_times;
47 }
48 };
49 int Rect::size = 0;
50 const string Rect::doc{"a simple Rect class"};
51
52 // 普通函数：输出矩形信息
53 void output(const Rect &r) {
54 cout << "矩形信息: " << endl;
55 cout << fixed << setprecision(2); // 控制输出格式：以浮点数形式输出，小数部分保留两位
56 cout << "长: \t" << r.len() << endl;
57 cout << "宽: \t" << r.wide() << endl;
58 cout << "面积: \t" << r.area() << endl;
59 cout << "周长: \t" << r.circumference() << endl;
60 }
61
62 // 测试代码
63 void test() {
64 cout << "矩形类信息: " << Rect::doc << endl;
65 cout << "当前矩形对象数目: " << Rect::size_info() << endl;
66 Rect r1;
67 output(r1);
68 Rect r2(4, 3);
69 output(r2);
70 Rect r3(r2);
71 r3.resize(2);
72 output(r3);
73 r3.resize(5, 2);
74 output(r3);
75 cout << "当前矩形对象数目: " << Rect::size_info() << endl;
76 }
77
78 // 主函数
79 int main() {
80 test();
81 cout << "当前矩形对象数目: " << Rect::size_info() << endl;
82 }
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实验任务5
task5.cpp源码
1 #include <iostream>
2 #include <cmath>
3
4 // 复数类Complex：定义
5 class Complex {
6 private:
7 double real, imag;
8 public:
9 Complex(double r = 0, double i = 0) : real{r}, imag{i} {};
10 Complex(const Complex &c) :real{c.real},imag{c.imag} {};
11 double get_real() const {
12 return real;
13 }
14 double get_imag() const {
15 return imag;
16 }
17 void add(const Complex &c) {
18 real += c.get_real();
19 imag += c.get_imag();
20 }
21 void show() {
22 std::cout << real;
23 if (imag>0) std::cout << " + " << abs(imag) << 'i';
24 if (imag<0) std::cout << " - " << fabs(imag) << 'i';
25 }
26 void show() const {
27 std::cout << real;
28 if (imag>0) std::cout << " + " << abs(imag) << 'i';
29 if (imag<0) std::cout << " - " << fabs(imag) << 'i';
30 }
31 public:
32 friend add(), is_equal(), abs();
33 };
34 Complex add(const Complex &c1, const Complex &c2) {
35 double r, i;
36 r = c1.get_real() + c2.get_real();
37 i = c1.get_imag() + c2.get_imag();
38 Complex c(r, i);
39 return c;
40 }
41 bool is_equal(const Complex &c1, const Complex &c2) {
42 bool r, i;
43 r = c1.get_real() == c2.get_real();
44 i = c1.get_imag() == c2.get_imag();
45 return r && i;
46 }
47 double abs(const Complex &c) {
48 return sqrt(pow(c.get_real(), 2) + pow(c.get_imag(), 2));
49 }
50
51 // 复数类Complex: 测试
52 void test() {
53 using namespace std;
54 Complex c1(3, -4);
55 const Complex c2(4.5);
56 Complex c3(c1);
57 cout << "c1 = ";
58 c1.show();
59 cout << endl;
60 cout << "c2 = ";
61 c2.show();
62 cout << endl;
63 cout << "c2.imag = " << c2.get_imag() << endl;
64 cout << "c3 = ";
65 c3.show();
66 cout << endl;
67 cout << "abs(c1) = ";
68 cout << abs(c1) << endl;
69 cout << boolalpha;
70 cout << "c1 == c3 : " << is_equal(c1, c3) << endl;
71 cout << "c1 == c2 : " << is_equal(c1, c2) << endl;
72 Complex c4;
73 c4 = add(c1, c2);
74 cout << "c4 = c1 + c2 = ";
75 c4.show();
76 cout << endl;
77 c1.add(c2);
78 cout << "c1 += c2, " << "c1 = ";
79 c1.show();
80 cout << endl;
81 }
82
83 int main() {
84 test();
85 }
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