类与对象

#include<iostream>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;

class Point {
public:
    Point(int x0 = 0, int y0 = 0);
    Point(const Point& p);
    ~Point() = default;

    int get_x() const { return x; }
    int get_y() const { return y; }
    void show() const;

private:
    int x, y;
};
Point::Point(int x0, int y0): x{ x0 }, y{ y0 }{
    cout << "constructor called." << endl;
}

Point::Point(const Point& p) :x{ p.x }, y{ p.y } {
    cout << "copy constructor called." << endl;
}

void Point::show()const {
    cout << "{" << x << ","
        << y << ")" << endl;
}

int main() {
    Point p1(23, 45);
    p1.show();

    Point p2 = p1;
    p2.show();

    Point p3{ p2 };
    p3.show();
    cout << p3.get_x() << endl;
}

#include<iostream>
#include<iomanip>

using std::cout;
using std::endl;


class Clock {
public:
    Clock(int h = 0, int m = 0, int s = 0);
    Clock(const Clock& t);
    ~Clock() = default;

    void set_time(int h, int m = 0, int s = 0);
    void show_time() const;

private:
    int hour, minute, second;

};


Clock::Clock(int h, int m, int s) :hour{ h }, minute{ m }, second{ s } {
    cout << "constructor called" << endl;
}

Clock::Clock(const Clock& t) :hour{ t.hour }, minute{ t.minute },
second{ t.second } {
    cout << "copy constructor called" << endl;
}

void Clock::set_time(int h, int m, int s) {
    hour = h;
    minute = m;
    second = s;
 }


void Clock::show_time()const {
    using std::setw;
    using std::setfill;

    cout << setfill('0') << setw(2) << hour << ":"
        << setw(2) << minute << ":"
        << setw(2) << second << endl;
}

Clock reset() {
    return Clock(0, 0, 0);
}

int main()
{
    Clock c1(2, 12, 8);
    c1.show_time();

    c1 = reset();
    c1.show_time();

    Clock c2(c1);
    c2.set_time(10);
    c2.show_time();
}

定义X x1时，默认构造函数被调用。定义X x2{ 1234 }时，自己设置的构造函数被调用，定义X x3{ x1 }时，复制构造函数被调用。定义X x4{ std::move(x2) }时，移动构造函数被调用。析构函数的调用与构造函数调用顺序相反，最先被调用的构造函数最后被调用对应的析构函数，最后被调用的构造函数最先被调用对应的析构函数。

#include<iostream>

class X {
    public:
        X();
        ~X();
        X(int m);
        X(const X& obj);
        X(X&& obj) noexcept;
        void show() const;

    private:
        int data;
};

X::X() :data{ 857 } {
    std::cout << "default constructor called.\n";
}

X::~X() {
    std::cout << "destructor called.\n";
}

X::X(int m) :data{ m } {
    std::cout << "constructor called .\n";
}

X::X(const X& obj) :data{ obj.data } {
    std::cout << "abc constructor called.\n";
}

X::X(X&& obj) noexcept :data{ obj.data } {
    std::cout << "move constructor called.\n";
}

void X::show()const {
    std::cout << data << std::endl;
}

int main() {
    X x1;
    x1.show();

    X x2{ 1234 };
    x2.show();

    X x3{ x1 };
    x3.show();

    X x4{ std::move(x2) };
    x4.show();

}

 1 #include<iostream>
 2 #include<iomanip>
 3 
 4 class Rectangle {
 5 public:
 6       Rectangle();
 7       ~Rectangle() = default;
 8       Rectangle(double l, double w);
 9       Rectangle(const Rectangle& obj);
10       double len() const;
11       double wide() const;
12       double area() const;
13       double circumference()const;
14       void resize(int times);
15       void resize(int l_times, int w_times);
16 private:
17       double length, wideth;
18 };
19 
20 Rectangle::Rectangle() :length{2.0}, wideth{1.0} {
21     /*std::cout << "矩形信息" << std::endl;*/
22 }
23 Rectangle::Rectangle(double l, double w) :length{ l }, wideth{ w } {
24 }
25 Rectangle::Rectangle(const Rectangle& obj) {
26     length = obj.length;
27     wideth = obj.wideth;
28 }
29 double Rectangle::len() const {
30     return length;
31 }
32 double Rectangle::wide() const{
33     return wideth;
34 }
35 double Rectangle::area() const {
36     return  length * wideth;
37 }
38 double Rectangle::circumference() const {
39     return (length + wideth) * 2;
40 }
41 void Rectangle::resize(int times){
42     length = length * times;
43     wideth = wideth * times;
44 }
45 
46 void Rectangle::resize(int l_times, int w_times) {
47     length = length * l_times;
48     wideth = wideth * w_times;
49 }
50 void output(const Rectangle& rect) {
51     using namespace std;
52     cout << "矩形信息:\n";
53     cout << fixed << setprecision(2);
54     std::cout << "长: " <<setw(8)<< rect.len() << "\n";
55     std::cout << "宽: " <<setw(8)<< rect.wide() << "\n";
56     std::cout << "面积:" <<setw(7)<<  rect.area() << "\n";
57     std::cout << "面积:" <<setw(7)<< rect.circumference() << "\n";
58 }
59 
60 int main() {
61     Rectangle rect1;
62     output(rect1);
63 
64     Rectangle rect2(5,4 );
65     output(rect2);
66 
67     Rectangle rect3(rect1);
68     rect3.resize(2);
69     output(rect3);
70 
71     rect3.resize(6,8 );
72     output(rect3);
73 
74 }