454. 4Sum II
Given four integer arrays nums1, nums2, nums3, and nums4 all of length n, return the number of tuples (i, j, k, l) such that:
0 <= i, j, k, l < nnums1[i] + nums2[j] + nums3[k] + nums4[l] == 0
Example 1:
Input: nums1 = [1,2], nums2 = [-2,-1], nums3 = [-1,2], nums4 = [0,2]
Output: 2
Explanation:
The two tuples are:
1. (0, 0, 0, 1) -> nums1[0] + nums2[0] + nums3[0] + nums4[1] = 1 + (-2) + (-1) + 2 = 0
2. (1, 1, 0, 0) -> nums1[1] + nums2[1] + nums3[0] + nums4[0] = 2 + (-1) + (-1) + 0 = 0
Example 2:
Input: nums1 = [0], nums2 = [0], nums3 = [0], nums4 = [0]
Output: 1
Constraints:
n == nums1.lengthn == nums2.lengthn == nums3.lengthn == nums4.length1 <= n <= 200228 <= nums1[i], nums2[i], nums3[i], nums4[i] <= 228
首先定义 一个map，key放a和b两数之和，value 放a和b两数之和出现的次数。
遍历大A和大B数组，统计两个数组元素之和，和出现的次数，放到map中。
定义int变量count，用来统计 a+b+c+d = 0 出现的次数。
在遍历大C和大D数组，找到如果 0-(c+d) 在map中出现过的话，就用count把map中key对应的value也就是出现次数统计出来。
最后返回统计值 count 就可以了
class Solution {
public int fourSumCount(int[] nums1, int[] nums2, int[] nums3, int[] nums4) {
Map<Integer, Integer> map = new HashMap<>();
int temp;
int res = 0;
//统计两个数组中的元素之和，同时统计出现的次数，放入map
for (int i : nums1) {
for (int j : nums2) {
temp = i + j;
if (map.containsKey(temp)) {
map.put(temp, map.get(temp) + 1);
} else {
map.put(temp, 1);
}
}
}
//统计剩余的两个元素的和，在map中找是否存在相加为0的情况，同时记录次数
for (int i : nums3) {
for (int j : nums4) {
temp = i + j;
if (map.containsKey(0 - temp)) {
res += map.get(0 - temp);
}
}
}
return res;
}
}
Time Complexity：O(n^2)
Space Complexity：O(n)
For Future References
题目链接：https://leetcode.com/problems/4sum-ii/
文章讲解： https://programmercarl.com/0454.四数相加II.html
视频讲解：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Md4y1Q7Yh/
383. Ransom Note
Given two strings ransomNote and magazine, return true if ransomNote can be constructed by using the letters from magazine and false otherwise.
Each letter in magazine can only be used once in ransomNote.
Example 1:
Input: ransomNote = "a", magazine = "b"
Output: false
Example 2:
Input: ransomNote = "aa", magazine = "ab"
Output: false
Example 3:
Input: ransomNote = "aa", magazine = "aab"
Output: true
Constraints:
1 <= ransomNote.length, magazine.length <= 105ransomNoteandmagazineconsist of lowercase English letters.
字符串a能否组成字符串b，而不用管字符串b 能不能组成字符串a。
-
第一点“为了不暴露赎金信字迹，要从杂志上搜索各个需要的字母，组成单词来表达意思” 这里说明杂志里面的字母不可重复使用。
-
第二点 “你可以假设两个字符串均只含有小写字母。” 说明只有小写字母，这一点很重要
暴力解法
两层for循环，不断去寻找
Hash table
因为题目所只有小写字母，那可以采用空间换取时间的哈希策略， 用一个长度为26的数组还记录magazine里字母出现的次数。然后再用ransomNote去验证这个数组是否包含了ransomNote所需要的所有字母。
如果数组中存在负数，说明ransomNote字符串总存在magazine中没有的字符
class Solution {
public boolean canConstruct(String ransomNote, String magazine) {
// 定义一个哈希映射数组
int[] record = new int[26];
// 遍历
for(char c : magazine.toCharArray()){
record[c - 'a'] += 1;
}
for(char c : ransomNote.toCharArray()){
record[c - 'a'] -= 1;
}
// 如果数组中存在负数，说明ransomNote字符串总存在magazine中没有的字符
for(int i : record){
if(i < 0){
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
}
Time Complexity：O(n)
Space Complexity：O(1)
For Future References
题目链接：https://leetcode.com/problems/ransom-note/
文章讲解： https://programmercarl.com/0383.赎金信.html
15. 3Sum
Given an integer array nums, return all the triplets [nums[i], nums[j], nums[k]] such that i != j, i != k, and j != k, and nums[i] + nums[j] + nums[k] == 0.
Notice that the solution set must not contain duplicate triplets.
Example 1:
Input: nums = [-1,0,1,2,-1,-4]
Output: [[-1,-1,2],[-1,0,1]]
Explanation:
nums[0] + nums[1] + nums[2] = (-1) + 0 + 1 = 0.
nums[1] + nums[2] + nums[4] = 0 + 1 + (-1) = 0.
nums[0] + nums[3] + nums[4] = (-1) + 2 + (-1) = 0.
The distinct triplets are [-1,0,1] and [-1,-1,2].
Notice that the order of the output and the order of the triplets does not matter.
Example 2:
Input: nums = [0,1,1]
Output: []
Explanation: The only possible triplet does not sum up to 0.
Example 3:
Input: nums = [0,0,0]
Output: [[0,0,0]]
Explanation: The only possible triplet sums up to 0.
Constraints:
3 <= nums.length <= 3000105 <= nums[i] <= 105
Two Pointers
首先将数组排序，然后有一层for循环，i从下标0的地方开始，同时定一个下标left 定义在i+1的位置上，定义下标right 在数组结尾的位置上。
依然还是在数组中找到 abc 使得a + b +c =0，我们这里相当于 a = nums[i]，b = nums[left]，c = nums[right]。
-
如果nums[i] + nums[left] + nums[right] > 0 就说明 此时三数之和大了，因为数组是排序后了，所以right下标就应该向左移动，这样才能让三数之和小一些。
-
如果 nums[i] + nums[left] + nums[right] < 0 说明 此时 三数之和小了，left 就向右移动，才能让三数之和大一些，直到left与right相遇为止。
class Solution {
public List<List<Integer>> threeSum(int[] nums) {
List<List<Integer>> result = new ArrayList<>();
Arrays.sort(nums);
for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {
if (nums[i] > 0) {
return result;
}
if (i > 0 && nums[i] == nums[i - 1]) {
continue;
}
int left = i + 1;
int right = nums.length - 1;
while (right > left) {
int sum = nums[i] + nums[left] + nums[right];
if (sum > 0) {
right--;
} else if (sum < 0) {
left++;
} else {
result.add(Arrays.asList(nums[i], nums[left], nums[right]));
while (right > left && nums[right] == nums[right - 1]) right--;
while (right > left && nums[left] == nums[left + 1]) left++;
right--;
left++;
}
}
}
return result;
}
}
Time Complexity：O(n^2)
Space Complexity：O(n)
For Future References
题目链接：https://leetcode.com/problems/3sum/
文章讲解： https://programmercarl.com/0015.三数之和.html
视频讲解：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1GW4y127qo/
18. 4Sum
Given an array nums of n integers, return an array of all the unique quadruplets [nums[a], nums[b], nums[c], nums[d]] such that:
0 <= a, b, c, d < na,b,c, anddare distinct.nums[a] + nums[b] + nums[c] + nums[d] == target
You may return the answer in any order.
Example 1:
Input: nums = [1,0,-1,0,-2,2], target = 0
Output: [[-2,-1,1,2],[-2,0,0,2],[-1,0,0,1]]
Example 2:
Input: nums = [2,2,2,2,2], target = 8
Output: [[2,2,2,2]]
Constraints:
1 <= nums.length <= 200109 <= nums[i] <= 109109 <= target <= 109
四数之和的双指针解法是两层for循环nums[k] + nums[i]为确定值，依然是循环内有left和right下标作为双指针，找出nums[k] + nums[i] + nums[left] + nums[right] == target的情况，三数之和的时间复杂度是O(n2)，四数之和的时间复杂度是O(n3) 。
class Solution {
public List<List<Integer>> fourSum(int[] nums, int target) {
List<List<Integer>> result = new ArrayList<>();
Arrays.sort(nums);
for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {
// nums[i] > target 直接返回, 剪枝操作
if (nums[i] > 0 && nums[i] > target) {
return result;
}
if (i > 0 && nums[i - 1] == nums[i]) {
continue;
}
for (int j = i + 1; j < nums.length; j++) {
if (j > i + 1 && nums[j - 1] == nums[j]) {
continue;
}
int left = j + 1;
int right = nums.length - 1;
while (right > left) {
long sum = (long) nums[i] + nums[j] + nums[left] + nums[right];
if (sum > target) {
right--;
} else if (sum < target) {
left++;
} else {
result.add(Arrays.asList(nums[i], nums[j], nums[left], nums[right]));
while (right > left && nums[right] == nums[right - 1]) right--;
while (right > left && nums[left] == nums[left + 1]) left++;
left++;
right--;
}
}
}
}
return result;
}
}
Time Complexity：O(n^3)
Space Complexity：O(n)
For Future References
题目链接：https://leetcode.com/problems/4sum/
文章讲解： https://programmercarl.com/0018.四数之和.html
视频讲解：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1DS4y147US/
Summary
一般来说哈希表都是用来快速判断一个元素是否出现集合里。
接下来是常见的三种哈希结构：
- 数组
- set（集合）
- map（映射)