tomcat
一.简介
Tomcat 服务器是一个免费的开放源代码的Web 应用服务器,属于轻量级应用服务器,在中小型系统和并发访问用户不是很多的场合下被普遍使用,是开发和调试JSP 程序的首选。对于一个初学者来说,可以这样认为,当在一台机器上配置好Apache 服务器,可利用它响应HTML(标准通用标记语言下的一个应用)页面的访问请求。实际上Tomcat是Apache 服务器的扩展,但运行时它是独立运行的,所以当你运行tomcat 时,它实际上作为一个与Apache 独立的进程单独运行的。
Tomcat是一个免费的开源的Serlvet容器,用来运行java程序的容器
是开发和调试Servlet(Server Applet)、JSP(Java Server Pages) 程序的首选;
Tomcat就是传说中的中间件之一,tomcat本身是一个容器,专门用来运行java程序,java语言开发的网页.jsp就应该运行于tomcat中,而tomcat本身的运行也依赖于jdk环境。
//常见的中间件:
一般本地开发的话,小项目,或者是个人开发建议使用tomcat;
linux系统建议使用jetty或apache hpppd;
大型的项目就用JBOSS或webloigc;
大项目或者商业项目一般采用:weblgoic/webshere,其他的还有jboss、glasshfish等;
一些示例项目或者小项目常采用jetty;
tomcat , jboss, weblogic, websphere 一般项目tomcat就可以了。
二.部署tomcat
关闭防火墙和selinux
安装java
[root@mr ~]# yum -y install lrzsz
[root@mr ~]# yum -y install java-11-openjdk
......
tzdata-java-2022c-1.el8.noarch
xorg-x11-font-utils-1:7.5-41.el8.x86_64
xorg-x11-fonts-Type1-7.5-19.el8.noarch
Complete!
[root@mr ~]# java -version
openjdk version "11.0.15" 2022-04-19 LTS
OpenJDK Runtime Environment 18.9 (build 11.0.15+10-LTS)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 18.9 (build 11.0.15+10-LTS, mixed mode, sharing)
[root@mr ~]# ls
apache-tomcat-10.0.23.tar.gz
[root@mr ~]# tar -xzf apache-tomcat-10.0.23.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@mr ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@mr local]# ln -s apache-tomcat-10.0.23/ tomcat
//自定义一个Hello World的 java的测试网页
[root@mr local]# mkdir /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test
[root@mr local]# cd /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test
[root@mr test]# vim index.jsp
<html>
<head>
<title>test page</title>
</head>
<body>
<%
out.println("Hello World");
%>
</body>
</html>
//启动tomcat
[root@mr local]# cd /usr/local/tomcat
[root@mr tomcat]# bin/startup.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Using CATALINA_OPTS:
Tomcat started.
[root@mr tomcat]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 25 0.0.0.0:514 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:38349 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 25 [::]:514 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 1 [::ffff:127.0.0.1]:8005 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:111 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 100 *:8080 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
[root@mr tomcat]#
访问Host Manager界面
//配置tomcat-users.xml文件,在行上面添加两行,设置角色,登录用户名和密码,角色名称只能是admin-gui 用户名和密码自定义
[root@mr tomcat]# vim conf/tomcat-users.xml
......
<role rolename="admin-gui"/>
<user username="tomcat" password="123456" roles="admin-gui"/>
</tomcat-users>
[root@mr tomcat]# bin/startup.sh stop
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Using CATALINA_OPTS:
Tomcat started.
[root@mr tomcat]# bin/startup.sh start
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Using CATALINA_OPTS:
Tomcat started.
//配置host-manager/META-INF/context.xml文件
[root@mr tomcat]# vim webapps/host-manager/META-INF/context.xml
......
allow="192\.168\.29\.\d+|127\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+|::1|0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1" />
[root@mr tomcat]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh stop
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Using CATALINA_OPTS:
NOTE: Picked up JDK_JAVA_OPTIONS: --add-opens=java.base/java.lang=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.base/java.io=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.base/java.util=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.base/java.util.concurrent=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.rmi/sun.rmi.transport=ALL-UNNAMED
[root@mr tomcat]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Using CATALINA_OPTS:
Tomcat started.
//访问Server Status
//编辑tomcat-users.xml
[root@mr ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/tomcat-users.xml
<role rolename="admin-gui"/>
<role rolename="manager-gui"/>
<user username="tomcat" password="123456" roles="admin-gui",roles="manager=gui"/>
</tomcat-users>
[root@mr ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/manager/META-INF/context.xml
allow="192\.168\.29\.\d+|127\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+|::1|0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1" />
[root@mr ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh stop
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Using CATALINA_OPTS:
NOTE: Picked up JDK_JAVA_OPTIONS: --add-opens=java.base/java.lang=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.base/java.io=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.base/java.util=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.base/java.util.concurrent=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.rmi/sun.rmi.transport=ALL-UNNAMED
[root@mr ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Using CATALINA_OPTS:
Tomcat started.
//访问Manager App的时候就不需要密码了,因为访问了Server Status界面,所以不用输入密码