目录
简介
Tomcat 服务器是一个免费的开放源代码的Web 应用服务器，属于轻量级应用服务器，在中小型系统和并发访问用户不是很多的场合下被普遍使用，是开发和调试JSP 程序的首选。对于一个初学者来说，可以这样认为，当在一台机器上配置好Apache 服务器，可利用它响应HTML（标准通用标记语言下的一个应用）页面的访问请求。实际上Tomcat是Apache 服务器的扩展，但运行时它是独立运行的，所以当你运行tomcat 时，它实际上作为一个与Apache 独立的进程单独运行的。
Tomcat是一个免费的开源的Serlvet容器，用来运行java程序的容器
是开发和调试Servlet（Server Applet）、JSP（Java Server Pages） 程序的首选；
Tomcat就是传说中的中间件之一，tomcat本身是一个容器，专门用来运行java程序，java语言开发的网页.jsp就应该运行于tomcat中，而tomcat本身的运行也依赖于jdk环境。
常见的中间件：
一般本地开发的话，小项目，或者是个人开发建议使用tomcat；
linux系统建议使用jetty或apache hpppd；
大型的项目就用JBOSS或webloigc；
大项目或者商业项目一般采用：weblgoic/webshere，其他的还有jboss、glasshfish等；
一些示例项目或者小项目常采用jetty；
tomcat , jboss, weblogic, websphere 一般项目tomcat就可以了。
部署tomcat
//关闭防火墙和selinux
[root@tomcat ~]# sed -ri 's/^(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
[root@tomcat ~]# setenforce 0
[root@tomcat ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld.service
//安装java
[root@tomcat ~]# yum -y install java-11-openjdk
//解压tomcat到/usr/local/目录下
[root@tomcat ~]# wget https://dlcdn.apache.org/tomcat/tomcat-10/v10.0.23/bin/apache-tomcat-10.0.23.tar.gz
[root@tomcat ~]# tar -xf apache-tomcat-10.0.23.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@tomcat ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@tomcat local]# ln -s apache-tomcat-10.0.23/ tomcat
//自定义一个Hello World的 java的测试网页
[root@tomcat local]# mkdir /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test
[root@tomcat local]# cd /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test/
[root@tomcat test]# vim index.jsp
[root@tomcat test]# cat index.jsp
<html>
<head>
<title>test page</title>
</head>
<body>
<%
out.println("Hello World");
%>
</body>
</html>
//启动tomcat
[root@tomcat test]# cd /usr/local/tomcat/
[root@tomcat tomcat]# bin/startup.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Using CATALINA_OPTS:
Tomcat started.
[root@tomcat tomcat]# ss -anlt
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 1 [::ffff:127.0.0.1]:8005 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 *:8080 *:*
//测试访问
访问tomcat首页：http://192.168.26.138:8080
访问hello world测试页：http://192.168.26.138:8080/test
访问Host Manager界面
//配置tomcat-users.xml文件，在</tomcat-users>行上面添加两行，设置角色，登录用户名和密码，角色名称只能是admin-gui 用户名和密码自定义
[root@tomcat tomcat]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/tomcat-users.xml
<role rolename="admin-gui"/>
<user username="tomcat" password="123456" roles="admin-gui"/>
</tomcat-users>
//配置host-manager/META-INF/context.xml文件，允许192.168.26.0/24网段访问，在allow字段后添加
[root@tomcat tomcat]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/host-manager/META-INF/context.xml
[root@tomcat tomcat]# cat /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/host-manager/META-INF/context.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--
Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
(the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
-->
<Context antiResourceLocking="false" privileged="true" >
<CookieProcessor className="org.apache.tomcat.util.http.Rfc6265CookieProcessor"
sameSiteCookies="strict" />
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteAddrValve"
allow="192\.168\.26\.\d+|127\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+|::1|0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1" />
<Manager sessionAttributeValueClassNameFilter="java\.lang\.(?:Boolean|Integer|Long|Number|String)|org\.apache\.catalina\.filters\.CsrfPreventionFilter\$LruCache(?:\$1)?|java\.util\.(?:Linked)?HashMap"/>
</Context>
//重启服务，先关服务，再启服务
[root@tomcat tomcat]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh stop
[root@tomcat tomcat]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start
//登录网页测试登录Host Manager 输入对应的用户名和密码
用户名为tomcat，密码为123456
访问Server Status界面
//编辑tomcat-users.xml
[root@tomcat tomcat]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/tomcat-users.xml
<role rolename="admin-gui"/>
<role rolename="manager-gui"/>
<user username="tomcat" password="123456" roles="admin-gui,manager-gui"/>
</tomcat-users>
//编辑manager/META-INF/context.xml，在allow字段添加允许192.168.26.0/24网段访问
[root@tomcat tomcat]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/manager/META-INF/context.xml
[root@tomcat tomcat]# cat /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/manager/META-INF/context.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--
Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
(the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
-->
<Context antiResourceLocking="false" privileged="true" >
<CookieProcessor className="org.apache.tomcat.util.http.Rfc6265CookieProcessor"
sameSiteCookies="strict" />
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteAddrValve"
allow="192\.168\.26\.\d+|127\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+|::1|0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1" />
<Manager sessionAttributeValueClassNameFilter="java\.lang\.(?:Boolean|Integer|Long|Number|String)|org\.apache\.catalina\.filters\.CsrfPreventionFilter\$LruCache(?:\$1)?|java\.util\.(?:Linked)?HashMap"/>
</Context>
//重启服务，先关服务，再启服务
[root@tomcat tomcat]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh stop
[root@tomcat tomcat]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start
//登录网页，访问Server Status，用户名tomcat 密码123456
//访问Manager App的时候就不需要密码了，因为访问了Server Status界面，所以不用输入密码
