golang 的 sync.WaitGroup

WaitGroup的用途：它能够一直等到所有的goroutine执行完成，并且阻塞主线程的执行，直到所有的goroutine执行完成。

官方对它的说明如下：

A WaitGroup waits for a collection of goroutines to finish. The main goroutine calls Add to set the number of goroutines to wait for. Then each of the goroutines runs and calls Done when finished. At the same time, Wait can be used to block until all goroutines have finished.

sync.WaitGroup只有3个方法，Add()，Done()，Wait()。

其中Done()是Add(-1)的别名。简单的来说，使用Add()添加计数，Done()减掉一个计数，计数不为0, 阻塞Wait()的运行。

例子代码如下：

同时开三个协程去请求网页， 等三个请求都完成后才继续 Wait 之后的工作。

var wg sync.WaitGroup   
var urls = []string{    
    "http://www.golang.org/",    
    "http://www.google.com/",    
    "http://www.somestupidname.com/",    
}    
for _, url := range urls {    
    // Increment the WaitGroup counter.    
    wg.Add(1)    
    // Launch a goroutine to fetch the URL.    
    go func(url string) {    
        // Decrement the counter when the goroutine completes.    
        defer wg.Done()    
        // Fetch the URL.    
        http.Get(url)    
    }(url)    
}    
// Wait for all HTTP fetches to complete.    
wg.Wait()

或者下面的测试代码

用于测试 给chan发送 1千万次，并接受1千万次的性能。

package main 
import (   
    "fmt"    
    "sync"    
    "time"    
) const (   
    num = 10000000    
) func main() {   
    TestFunc("testchan", TestChan)    
} func TestFunc(name string, f func()) {   
    st := time.Now().UnixNano()    
    f()    
    fmt.Printf("task %s cost %d \r\n", name, (time.Now().UnixNano()-st)/int64(time.Millisecond))    
} func TestChan() {   
    var wg sync.WaitGroup    
    c := make(chan string)    
    wg.Add(1)     go func() {   
        for _ = range c {    
        }    
        wg.Done()    
    }()     for i := 0; i < num; i++ {   
        c <- "123"    
    }     close(c)   
    wg.Wait() }

参考：

http://www.liguosong.com/2014/05/06/golang-sync-waitgroup/