WPF 命令绑定的各种方式
引言
在WPF开发过程中，不得不学习的就是MVVM模式。但是在MVVM中又绕不开命令（Command）的使用。下面通过几种方式介绍我了解的WPF命令绑定方式。
如何使用
控件继承ICommand接口，直接使用Command
首先通过这里简单介绍Command在MVVM中的使用。
ViewModel类
// using System.ComponentModel;
// using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
MainViewModel
/// <summary>
/// Interactive logic for MainWindow
/// </summary>
public class MainViewModel : INotifyPropertyChanged
{
public MainViewModel()
{
SignInCommand = new RelayCommand(() =>
{
MessageBox.Show($"Hello {Username},welcome to Melphily's world");
});
}
private string username;
/// <summary>
/// User name
/// </summary>
public string Username
{
get { return username; }
set
{
username = value;
RaisePropertyChanged();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Sign in command
/// </summary>
public ICommand SignInCommand { get; private set; }
#region Notify Handler
public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged = (sender, e) => { };
public void RaisePropertyChanged([CallerMemberName] string propertyName = null)
{
PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
}
#endregion
}
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Command类
// using System.Windows.Input;
RelayCommand
/// <summary>
/// the command without input parameter
/// </summary>
public class RelayCommand : ICommand
{
public event EventHandler CanExecuteChanged = (sender, e) => { };
private Action mAction;
public RelayCommand(Action action)
{
this.mAction = action;
}
public bool CanExecute(object parameter)
{
// Always allow the action can execute.
return true;
}
public void Execute(object parameter)
{
// Take action
mAction.Invoke();
}
}
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View类
MainWindow.xaml
<Window x:Class="Melphily.MainWindow"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
xmlns:local="clr-namespace:Melphily"
mc:Ignorable="d"
Title="Melphily" Height="450" Width="800">
<Grid Background="Black">
<Border VerticalAlignment="Center" Width="300" Padding="20 60" Background="White" CornerRadius="5">
<Border.Effect>
<DropShadowEffect Color="#FF924AC3"/>
</Border.Effect>
<Border.BorderBrush>
<LinearGradientBrush EndPoint="0.5,1" StartPoint="0.5,0">
<GradientStop Color="#FF22B5CD" Offset="1"/>
<GradientStop Color="#FFB92020"/>
</LinearGradientBrush>
</Border.BorderBrush>
<StackPanel >
<TextBlock Text="Sign In" TextAlignment="Center" FontSize="22">
<TextBlock.Foreground>
<LinearGradientBrush EndPoint="0.5,1" StartPoint="0.5,0">
<GradientStop Color="#FF310F89" Offset="0"/>
<GradientStop Color="#FF26C6EA" Offset="1"/>
</LinearGradientBrush>
</TextBlock.Foreground>
</TextBlock>
<TextBlock Text="Username" Margin="0 20 0 0"/>
<TextBox Text="{Binding Username}" />
<Button Command="{Binding SignInCommand}" Content="Sign In" Margin="0 20 0 0"/>
</StackPanel>
</Border>
</Grid>
</Window>
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MainWindow.xaml.cs
/// <summary>
/// Interactive logic for MainWindow.xaml
/// </summary>
public partial class MainWindow : Window
{
public MainWindow()
{
InitializeComponent();
// Bind the Binding source to the DataContext
DataContext = new MainViewModel();
}
}
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至此，MVVM的简单应用就完成了。这里面简单实现了输入用户名登陆，在登陆（Sign In）操作时，使用了命令绑定的形式****，在ViewModel类（MainViewModel）接收命令，并做相应的处理。
运行效果：
扩展使用
上面通过较为完整的实例展示了MVVM模式中的Command绑定使用。但是一些WPF控件（例如ListBox）并不支持Command命令绑定。下面我们通过几种方式讨论如何解决，以ListBox举例。
使用InputBinding
MusicItemModel.cs
public class MusicItemModel
{
public int Id { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
public string Singer { get; set; }
public MusicItemModel()
{
SelectedCommand = new RelayCommandWithParameter(p =>
{
MessageBox.Show($"Selected music is {Name} Singed by {Singer},the Id is {p}");
});
}
/// <summary>
/// Select command
/// </summary>
public ICommand SelectedCommand { get; private set; }
}
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Command
RelayCommandWithParameter.cs
/// <summary>
/// the command without input parameter
/// </summary>
public class RelayCommandWithParameter : ICommand
{
public event EventHandler CanExecuteChanged = (sender, e) => { };
private Action<object> mActionWithParameter;
public RelayCommandWithParameter(Action<object> action)
{
this.mActionWithParameter = action;
}
public bool CanExecute(object parameter)
{
// Always allow the action can execute.
return true;
}
public void Execute(object parameter)
{
// Take action
mActionWithParameter.Invoke(parameter);
}
}
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View Model
MusicListViewModel.cs
/// <summary>
/// Interactive logic for MusicListPage
/// </summary>
public class MusicListViewModel : INotifyPropertyChanged
{
public MusicListViewModel()
{
Musics = new ObservableCollection<MusicItemModel>()
{
new MusicItemModel(){ Id=1, Name="甜甜的", Singer="周杰伦"},
new MusicItemModel(){ Id=1, Name="说好的幸福呢", Singer="周杰伦"},
new MusicItemModel(){ Id=1, Name="彩虹", Singer="周杰伦"},
new MusicItemModel(){ Id=1, Name="一路向北", Singer="周杰伦"},
new MusicItemModel(){ Id=1, Name="Married You", Singer="布鲁诺·马尔斯"},
};
}
private ObservableCollection<MusicItemModel> musics;
public ObservableCollection<MusicItemModel> Musics
{
get { return musics; }
set { musics = value; RaisePropertyChanged(); }
}
#region Notify Handler
public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged = (sender, e) => { };
public void RaisePropertyChanged([CallerMemberName] string propertyName = null)
{
PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
}
#endregion
}
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View
MusicListPage.xaml.cs
/// <summary>
/// Interactive logic for MusicListPage.xaml
/// </summary>
public partial class MusicListPage : Page
{
public MusicListPage()
{
InitializeComponent();
DataContext = new MusicListViewModel();
}
}
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MusicListPage.xaml
<Page x:Class="Melphily.MusicListPage" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" xmlns:local="clr-namespace:Melphily" mc:Ignorable="d" d:DesignHeight="450" d:DesignWidth="800" Title="MusicListPage"><Grid> <ListBox ItemsSource="{Binding Musics}"> <ListBox.ItemTemplate> <DataTemplate > <Grid> <Grid.InputBindings> <MouseBinding MouseAction="LeftClick" Command="{Binding SelectedCommand}" CommandParameter="{Binding Id}"/> </Grid.InputBindings> <Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <ColumnDefinition Width="300"/> <ColumnDefinition Width="*"/> </Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <TextBlock Grid.Column="0" Text="{Binding Name}"/> <TextBlock Grid.Column="1" Text="{Binding Singer}"/> </Grid> </DataTemplate> </ListBox.ItemTemplate> </ListBox> </Grid></Page>
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命令绑定是使用Grid控件的InputBinding实现的。
<Grid.InputBindings>
<MouseBinding MouseAction="LeftClick" Command="{Binding SelectedCommand}" CommandParameter="{Binding Id}"/>
</Grid.InputBindings>
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使用System.Windows.Interactivity.dll
呈现的内容和上面一样，只需要修改MusicListPage.xaml中的命令绑定即可。
System.Windows.Interactivity.dll这个时微软后期提供的。
1.将System.Windows.Interactivity.dll引入到项目中。
2.XAML中声明
xmlns:i="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/2010/interactivity"
3.XAML中使用
<i:Interaction.Triggers>
<i:EventTrigger EventName="MouseLeftButtonDown">
<i:InvokeCommandAction Command="{Binding SelectedCommand}" CommandParameter="{Binding Id}"/>
</i:EventTrigger>
</i:Interaction.Triggers>
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MusicListPage.xaml
<Page x:Class="Melphily.MusicListPage" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" xmlns:local="clr-namespace:Melphily" xmlns:i="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/2010/interactivity" mc:Ignorable="d" d:DesignHeight="450" d:DesignWidth="800" Title="MusicListPage"><Grid> <ListBox ItemsSource="{Binding Musics}"> <ListBox.ItemTemplate> <DataTemplate > <Grid> <!--<Grid.InputBindings> <MouseBinding MouseAction="LeftClick" Command="{Binding SelectedCommand}" CommandParameter="{Binding Id}"/> </Grid.InputBindings>--> <i:Interaction.Triggers> <i:EventTrigger EventName="MouseLeftButtonDown"> <i:InvokeCommandAction Command="{Binding SelectedCommand}" CommandParameter="{Binding Id}"/> </i:EventTrigger> </i:Interaction.Triggers> <Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <ColumnDefinition Width="300"/> <ColumnDefinition Width="*"/> </Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <TextBlock Grid.Column="0" Text="{Binding Name}"/> <TextBlock Grid.Column="1" Text="{Binding Singer}"/> </Grid> </DataTemplate> </ListBox.ItemTemplate> </ListBox> </Grid></Page>
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自定义模板使用含有ICommand接口的控件传递命令
对于没有继承ICommand接口的控件，可以重定义控件的模板，并在模板中加入可以使用Command绑定的控件例如Button来实现命令的绑定。
使用上面的示例，只修改数据模板，如下所示。
MusicListPage.xaml
<Page x:Class="Melphily.MusicListPage" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" xmlns:local="clr-namespace:Melphily" mc:Ignorable="d" d:DesignHeight="450" d:DesignWidth="800" Title="MusicListPage"><Grid> <ListBox ItemsSource="{Binding Musics}"> <ListBox.ItemTemplate> <DataTemplate > <Grid> <Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <ColumnDefinition Width="300"/> <ColumnDefinition Width="*"/> </Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <TextBlock Grid.Column="0" Text="{Binding Name}"/> <TextBlock Grid.Column="1" Text="{Binding Singer}"/> <!-- 可以绑定命令的控件 --> <Button Grid.ColumnSpan="2" Command="{Binding SelectedCommand}" CommandParameter="{Binding Id}" Foreground="Transparent" Background="Transparent" /> </Grid> </DataTemplate> </ListBox.ItemTemplate> </ListBox> </Grid></Page>
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虽然这种方式比较简单粗暴，但由于是直接在模板上面操作，所有控件是否有焦点变得非常重要了，还有就是需要隐藏控件的一些不需要显示的样式。
样式没设置好，会出现意想不到的情况。如下：
自定义模板使用用户控件(UserControl)【添加Command依赖属性】传递命令
鉴于上面自定义模板使用含有ICommand接口的控件传递命令的方式存在的一些弊端，我们可以自定义带有命令的控件来解决不便利的地方。
1.自定义CommandControl控件
CommandControl.xaml
<UserControl x:Class="Melphily.UiCore.CommandControl"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:local="clr-namespace:Melphily.UiCore"
mc:Ignorable="d"
d:DesignHeight="450" d:DesignWidth="800"
Background="Transparent">
</UserControl>
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CommandControl.xaml.cs
using System.Windows; using System.Windows.Controls; using System.Windows.Input;namespace Melphily.UiCore
{
/// <summary>
/// CommandControl.xaml 的交互逻辑
/// </summary>
public partial class CommandControl : UserControl
{
public CommandControl()
{
InitializeComponent();
MouseLeftButtonDown += onm ouseLeftButtonDown;
}
private void onm ouseLeftButtonDown(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs mouseButtonEventArgs)
{
if (Command != null)
{
if (Command.CanExecute(CommandParameter))
{
Command.Execute(CommandParameter);
}
}
}public static readonly DependencyProperty CommandProperty = DependencyProperty.Register("Command", typeof(ICommand), typeof(CommandControl), new FrameworkPropertyMetadata(null, FrameworkPropertyMetadataOptions.None)); public ICommand Command { get { return (ICommand)GetValue(CommandProperty); } set { SetValue(CommandProperty, value); } } public static readonly DependencyProperty CommandParameterProperty = DependencyProperty.Register("CommandParameter", typeof(object), typeof(CommandControl), new FrameworkPropertyMetadata(null, FrameworkPropertyMetadataOptions.None)); public object CommandParameter { get { return (object)GetValue(CommandParameterProperty); } set { SetValue(CommandParameterProperty, value); } } }}
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2.在模板中使用CommandControl
MusicListPage.xaml
<Page x:Class="Melphily.MusicListPage" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" xmlns:local="clr-namespace:Melphily" xmlns:uicore="clr-namespace:Melphily.UiCore" xmlns:i="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/2010/interactivity" mc:Ignorable="d" d:DesignHeight="450" d:DesignWidth="800" Title="MusicListPage"><Grid> <ListBox ItemsSource="{Binding Musics}"> <ListBox.ItemTemplate> <DataTemplate > <uicore:CommandControl Command="{Binding SelectedCommand}" CommandParameter="{Binding Id}"> <Grid> <Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <ColumnDefinition Width="300"/> <ColumnDefinition Width="*"/> </Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <TextBlock Grid.Column="0" Text="{Binding Name}"/> <TextBlock Grid.Column="1" Text="{Binding Singer}"/> </Grid> </uicore:CommandControl> </DataTemplate> </ListBox.ItemTemplate> </ListBox> </Grid></Page>
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由于CommandControl是一个透明的控件，因此不用考虑样式的问题，可以直接使用。其次它是内容控件，因此该控件是始终存在焦点。
但是，如果将该控件作为模板（ControlTemplate/DataTemplate）时，发现无法对容器内的控件设置名称，因此，在设置样式模板时局限性会很大。
自定义模板使用自定义控件(CustomControl)【添加Command依赖属性】传递命令
鉴于用户控件带来的弊端，我们依然可以使用自定义控件（CustomControl）来解决。
创建一个自定义控件：
在项目中点击添加–》新建项
然后找到“CustomControl”或者“WPF自定义控件”，设置好名称，点击创建。
创建之后首先会存在一个对应.cs文件，然后会自动创建一个Theme（主题）文件夹，并创建一个Generic.xaml文件（通用样式文件）。
接下来我们编写自定义控件
1.加入我们的命令依赖属性和相关处理事件。
CommandControl.cs
using System.Windows; using System.Windows.Controls; using System.Windows.Input;namespace Deamon.UiCore
{
/// <summary>
/// 按照步骤 1a 或 1b 操作，然后执行步骤 2 以在 XAML 文件中使用此自定义控件。
///
/// 步骤 1a) 在当前项目中存在的 XAML 文件中使用该自定义控件。
/// 将此 XmlNamespace 特性添加到要使用该特性的标记文件的根
/// 元素中:
///
/// xmlns:MyNamespace="clr-namespace:Deamon.UiCore"
///
///
/// 步骤 1b) 在其他项目中存在的 XAML 文件中使用该自定义控件。
/// 将此 XmlNamespace 特性添加到要使用该特性的标记文件的根
/// 元素中:
///
/// xmlns:MyNamespace="clr-namespace:Deamon.UiCore;assembly=Deamon.UiCore"
///
/// 您还需要添加一个从 XAML 文件所在的项目到此项目的项目引用，
/// 并重新生成以避免编译错误:
///
/// 在解决方案资源管理器中右击目标项目，然后依次单击
/// “添加引用”->“项目”->[浏览查找并选择此项目]
///
///
/// 步骤 2)
/// 继续操作并在 XAML 文件中使用控件。
///
/// <MyNamespace:CommandControl/>
///
/// </summary>
public class CommandControl : ContentControl
{
static CommandControl()
{
DefaultStyleKeyProperty.OverrideMetadata(typeof(CommandControl), new FrameworkPropertyMetadata(typeof(CommandControl)));
}
public CommandControl()
{
MouseLeftButtonDown += CommandControlCC_MouseLeftButtonDown;
}private void CommandControlCC_MouseLeftButtonDown(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e) { if (Command != null) { if (Command.CanExecute(CommandParameter)) { Command.Execute(CommandParameter); } } } private void onm ouseLeftButtonDown(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs mouseButtonEventArgs) { if (Command != null) { if (Command.CanExecute(CommandParameter)) { Command.Execute(CommandParameter); } } } public static readonly DependencyProperty CommandProperty = DependencyProperty.Register("Command", typeof(ICommand), typeof(CommandControl), new FrameworkPropertyMetadata(null, FrameworkPropertyMetadataOptions.None)); public ICommand Command { get { return (ICommand)GetValue(CommandProperty); } set { SetValue(CommandProperty, value); } } public static readonly DependencyProperty CommandParameterProperty = DependencyProperty.Register("CommandParameter", typeof(object), typeof(CommandControl), new FrameworkPropertyMetadata(null, FrameworkPropertyMetadataOptions.None)); public object CommandParameter { get { return (object)GetValue(CommandParameterProperty); } set { SetValue(CommandParameterProperty, value); } } }}
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注释是默认加上的，是用来引导你如何设计和使用该自定义控件。默认情况下，自定义控件是继承自Control类的，因为我们的命令控件是需要包裹其它控件，所以直接继承ContentControl会减少我们对内容设计的逻辑代码。（PS：如果不这么做也可以自己添加Content属性，然后再面板中使用ContentPresenter将Content显示到界面上。）
2.在Generic.xaml文件中修改控件默认样式
Generic.xaml
<ResourceDictionary xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:local="clr-namespace:Deamon" xmlns:uicore="clr-namespace:Deamon.UiCore" > <!-- 带命令绑定的内容控件 --> <Style TargetType="{x:Type uicore:CommandControl}"> <Setter Property="Template"> <Setter.Value> <ControlTemplate TargetType="{x:Type uicore:CommandControl}"> <ContentControl> <ContentPresenter/> </ContentControl> </ControlTemplate> </Setter.Value> </Setter> </Style> </ResourceDictionary>
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ContentPresenter默认情况下已经将Content属性绑定到了改控件上，如果是其它控件，需要具体了解（绑定、样式、模板等）相关知识。
3.在模板中使用CommandControl
MusicListPage.xaml
<Page x:Class="Melphily.MusicListPage"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:local="clr-namespace:Melphily"
xmlns:uicore="clr-namespace:Melphily.UiCore"
xmlns:i="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/2010/interactivity"
mc:Ignorable="d"
d:DesignHeight="450" d:DesignWidth="800"
Title="MusicListPage">
<Grid>
<ListBox ItemsSource="{Binding Musics}">
<ListBox.ItemTemplate>
<DataTemplate >
<uicore:CommandControl Command="{Binding SelectedCommand}"
CommandParameter="{Binding Id}">
<Grid>
<Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<ColumnDefinition Width="300"/>
<ColumnDefinition Width="*"/>
</Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<TextBlock Grid.Column="0" Text="{Binding Name}"/>
<TextBlock Grid.Column="1" Text="{Binding Singer}"/>
</Grid>
</uicore:CommandControl>
</DataTemplate>
</ListBox.ItemTemplate>
</ListBox>
</Grid>
</Page>
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使用方式和UserControl一模一样，只是控件的定义方式不一样而已。
标签：ICommand,控件,gt,lt,Grid,Basic,Command,WPF,public From： https://www.cnblogs.com/HomeSapiens/p/17408558.html