Django开发
主题:员工管理系统
1.新建项目
2.创建app
python manage.py startapp app01
注册app:
3.设计表结构(django)
from django.db import models
class Department(models.Model):
""" 部门表 """
title = models.CharField(verbose_name='标题', max_length=32)
class UserInfo(models.Model):
""" 员工表 """
name = models.CharField(verbose_name="姓名", max_length=16)
password = models.CharField(verbose_name="密码", max_length=64)
age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="年龄")
account = models.DecimalField(verbose_name="账户余额", max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, default=0)
create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name="入职时间")
# 无约束
# depart_id = models.BigIntegerField(verbose_name="部门ID")
# 1.有约束
# - to,与那张表关联
# - to_field,表中的那一列关联
# 2.django自动
# - 写的depart
# - 生成数据列 depart_id
# 3.部门表被删除
# ### 3.1 级联删除
depart = models.ForeignKey(to="Department", to_field="id", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
# ### 3.2 置空
# depart = models.ForeignKey(to="Department", to_field="id", null=True, blank=True, on_delete=models.SET_NULL)
# 在django中做的约束
gender_choices = (
(1, "男"),
(2, "女"),
)
gender = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="性别", choices=gender_choices)
4.在MySQL中生成表
-
工具连接MySQL生成数据库。
create database gx_day16 DEFAULT CHARSET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
-
修改配置文件,连接MySQL
DATABASES = { 'default': { 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql', 'NAME': 'gx_day16', # 数据库名字 'USER': 'root', 'PASSWORD': 'root123', 'HOST': '127.0.0.1', # 那台机器安装了MySQL 'PORT': 3306, } }
-
django命令生成数据库表
python manage.py makemigrations python manage.py migrate
23.cnblogs.com/blog/3147427/202304/3147427-20230404153811093-1653945634.png)
5.静态文件管理
static目录
6.部门管理
体验,最原始方法来做。
Django中提供Form和ModelForm组件(方便)
7.模板的继承
- 部门列表
- 添加部门
- 编辑部门
定义目版:layout.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'plugin...min.css' %}">
{% block css %}{% endblock %}
</head>
<body>
<h1>标题</h1>
<div>
{% block content %}{% endblock %}
</div>
<h1>底部</h1>
<script src="{% static 'js/jquery-3.6.0.min.js' %}"></script>
{% block js %}{% endblock %}
</body>
</html>
继承母版:
{% extends 'layout.html' %}
{% block css %}
<link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'pluxxx.css' %}">
<style>
...
</style>
{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<h1>首页</h1>
{% endblock %}
{% block js %}
<script src="{% static 'js/jqxxxin.js' %}"></script>
{% endblock %}
8.用户管理
insert into app01_userinfo(name,password,age,account,create_time,gender,depart_id) values("韩超","666",23,100.68,"2020-01-11",2,1);
insert into app01_userinfo(name,password,age,account,create_time,gender,depart_id) values("刘东","123",23,100.68,"2010-11-11",1,4);
insert into app01_userinfo(name,password,age,account,create_time,gender,depart_id) values("朱虎飞","999",33,9900.68,"2021-05-11",1,1);
+-------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | bigint(20) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | varchar(16) | NO | | NULL | |
| password | varchar(64) | NO | | NULL | |
| age | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
| account | decimal(10,2) | NO | | NULL | |
| create_time | datetime(6) | NO | | NULL | |
| gender | smallint(6) | NO | | NULL | |
| depart_id | bigint(20) | NO | MUL | NULL | |
+-------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
新建用户:
-
原始方式理思路:不会采用(本质)【麻烦】
- 用户提交数据没有校验。 - 错误,页面上应该有错误提示。 - 页面上,没一个字段都需要我们重新写一遍。 [OK] - 关联的数据,手动去获取并展示循环展示在页面。 [OK]
-
Django组件
- Form组件(小简便)
- ModelForm组件(最简便)
8.1 初识Form
1. views.py
class MyForm(Form):
user = forms.CharField(widget=forms.Input)
pwd = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)
email = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)
account = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)
create_time = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)
depart = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)
gender = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)
def user_add(request):
if request.method == "GET":
form = MyForm()
return render(request, 'user_add.html',{"form":form})
2.user_add.html
<form method="post">
{% for field in form%}
{{ field }}
{% endfor %}
<!-- <input type="text" placeholder="姓名" name="user" /> -->
</form>
<form method="post">
{{ form.user }}
{{ form.pwd }}
{{ form.email }}
<!-- <input type="text" placeholder="姓名" name="user" /> -->
</form>
8.3 ModelForm(推荐)
0. models.py
class UserInfo(models.Model):
""" 员工表 """
name = models.CharField(verbose_name="姓名", max_length=16)
password = models.CharField(verbose_name="密码", max_length=64)
age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="年龄")
account = models.DecimalField(verbose_name="账户余额", max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, default=0)
create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name="入职时间")
depart = models.ForeignKey(to="Department", to_field="id", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
gender_choices = (
(1, "男"),
(2, "女"),
)
gender = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="性别", choices=gender_choices)
1. views.py
class MyForm(ModelForm):
xx = form.CharField*("...")
class Meta:
model = UserInfo
fields = ["name","password","age","xx"]
def user_add(request):
if request.method == "GET":
form = MyForm()
return render(request, 'user_add.html',{"form":form})
2.user_add.html
<form method="post">
{% for field in form%}
{{ field }}
{% endfor %}
<!-- <input type="text" placeholder="姓名" name="user" /> -->
</form>
<form method="post">
{{ form.user }}
{{ form.pwd }}
{{ form.email }}
<!-- <input type="text" placeholder="姓名" name="user" /> -->
</form>
Django开发
-
部门管理
-
用户管理
-
用户列表
-
新建用户
- ModelForm,针对数据库中的某个表。 - Form。
-
8.4 编辑用户
-
点击编辑,跳转到编辑页面(将编辑行的ID携带过去)。
-
编辑页面(默认数据,根据ID获取并设置到页面中)
-
提交:
-
错误提示
-
数据校验
-
在数据库更新
models.UserInfo.filter(id=4).update(...)
-
8.5 删除
见代码。
9.靓号管理
9.1 表结构
根据表结构的需求,在models.py中创建类(由类生成数据库中的表)。
class PrettyNum(models.Model):
""" 靓号表 """
mobile = models.CharField(verbose_name="手机号", max_length=11)
# 想要允许为空 null=True, blank=True
price = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="价格", default=0)
level_choices = (
(1, "1级"),
(2, "2级"),
(3, "3级"),
(4, "4级"),
)
level = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="级别", choices=level_choices, default=1)
status_choices = (
(1, "已占用"),
(2, "未使用")
)
status = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="状态", choices=status_choices, default=2)
自己在数据模拟创建一些数据:
insert into app01_prettynum(mobile,price,level,status)values("111111111",19,1,1);
mysql> select * from app01_prettynum;
+----+-----------+-------+-------+--------+
| id | mobile | price | level | status |
+----+-----------+-------+-------+--------+
| 1 | 111111111 | 19 | 1 | 1 |
| 2 | 111111111 | 19 | 1 | 1 |
| 3 | 111111111 | 19 | 1 | 1 |
| 4 | 111111111 | 19 | 1 | 1 |
+----+-----------+-------+-------+--------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
9.2 靓号列表
-
URL
-
函数
-
获取所有的靓号
-
结合html+render将靓号罗列出来
id 号码 价格 级别(中文) 状态(中文)
-
9.3 新建靓号
-
列表点击跳转:
/pretty/add/
-
URL
-
ModelForm类
from django import forms class PrettyModelForm(forms.ModelForm): ...
-
函数
- 实例化类的对象
- 通过render将对象传入到HTML中。
- 模板的循环展示所有的字段。
-
点击提交
- 数据校验
- 保存到数据库
- 跳转回靓号列表
9.4 编辑靓号
- 列表页面:
/pretty/数字/edit/
- URL
- 函数
- 根据ID获取当前编辑的对象
- ModelForm配合,默认显示数据。
- 提交修改。
不允许手机号重复。
-
添加:【正则表达式】【手机号不能存在】
# [obj,obj,obj] queryset = models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile="1888888888") obj = models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile="1888888888").first() # True/False exists = models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile="1888888888").exists()
-
编辑:【正则表达式】【手机号不能存在】
排除自己以外,其他的数据是否手机号是否重复? # id!=2 and mobile='1888888888' models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile="1888888888").exclude(id=2)
9.5 搜索手机号
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile="19999999991",id=12)
data_dict = {"mobile":"19999999991","id":123}
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(**data_dict)
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(id=12) # 等于12
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(id__gt=12) # 大于12
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(id__gte=12) # 大于等于12
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(id__lt=12) # 小于12
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(id__lte=12) # 小于等于12
data_dict = {"id__lte":12}
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(**data_dict)
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile="999") # 等于
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile__startswith="1999") # 筛选出以1999开头
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile__endswith="999") # 筛选出以999结尾
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile__contains="999") # 筛选出包含999
data_dict = {"mobile__contains":"999"}
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(**data_dict)
9.6 分页
queryset = models.PrettyNum.objects.all()
queryset = models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(id=1)[0:10]
# 第1页
queryset = models.PrettyNum.objects.all()[0:10]
# 第2页
queryset = models.PrettyNum.objects.all()[10:20]
# 第3页
queryset = models.PrettyNum.objects.all()[20:30]
data = models.PrettyNum.objects.all().count()
data = models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(id=1).count()
-
分页的逻辑和处理规则
-
封装分页类
- 从头到尾开发
- 写项目用【pagination.py】公共组件。
-
小Bug,搜索 + 分页情况下。
分页时候,保留原来的搜索条件 http://127.0.0.1:8000/pretty/list/?q=888 http://127.0.0.1:8000/pretty/list/?page=1 http://127.0.0.1:8000/pretty/list/?q=888&page=23
10.时间插件
<link rel="stylesheet" href="static/plugins/bootstrap-3.4.1/css/bootstrap.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="static/plugins/bootstrap-datepicker/css/bootstrap-datepicker.css">
<input type="text" id="dt" class="form-control" placeholder="入职日期">
<script src="static/js/jquery-3.6.0.min.js"></script>
<script src="static/plugins/bootstrap-3.4.1/js/bootstrap.js"></script>
<script src="static/plugins/bootstrap-datepicker/js/bootstrap-datepicker.js"></script>
<script src="static/plugins/bootstrap-datepicker/locales/bootstrap-datepicker.zh-CN.min.js"></script>
<script>
$(function () {
$('#dt').datepicker({
format: 'yyyy-mm-dd',
startDate: '0',
language: "zh-CN",
autoclose: true
});
})
</script>
11.ModelForm和BootStrap
-
ModelForm可以帮助我们生成HTML标签。
class UserModelForm(forms.ModelForm): class Meta: model = models.UserInfo fields = ["name", "password",] form = UserModelForm()
{{form.name}} 普通的input框 {{form.password}} 普通的input框
-
定义插件
class UserModelForm(forms.ModelForm): class Meta: model = models.UserInfo fields = ["name", "password",] widgets = { "name": forms.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}), "password": forms.PasswordInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}), "age": forms.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}), }
class UserModelForm(forms.ModelForm): name = forms.CharField( min_length=3, label="用户名", widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}) ) class Meta: model = models.UserInfo fields = ["name", "password", "age"]
{{form.name}} BootStrap的input框 {{form.password}} BootStrap的input框
-
重新定义的init方法,批量设置
class UserModelForm(forms.ModelForm): class Meta: model = models.UserInfo fields = ["name", "password", "age",] def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): super().__init__(*args, **kwargs) # 循环ModelForm中的所有字段,给每个字段的插件设置 for name, field in self.fields.items(): field.widget.attrs = { "class": "form-control", "placeholder": field.label }
class UserModelForm(forms.ModelForm): class Meta: model = models.UserInfo fields = ["name", "password", "age",] def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): super().__init__(*args, **kwargs) # 循环ModelForm中的所有字段,给每个字段的插件设置 for name, field in self.fields.items(): # 字段中有属性,保留原来的属性,没有属性,才增加。 if field.widget.attrs: field.widget.attrs["class"] = "form-control" field.widget.attrs["placeholder"] = field.label else: field.widget.attrs = { "class": "form-control", "placeholder": field.label }
class UserEditModelForm(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = models.UserInfo
fields = ["name", "password", "age",]
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
# 循环ModelForm中的所有字段,给每个字段的插件设置
for name, field in self.fields.items():
# 字段中有属性,保留原来的属性,没有属性,才增加。
if field.widget.attrs:
field.widget.attrs["class"] = "form-control"
field.widget.attrs["placeholder"] = field.label
else:
field.widget.attrs = {
"class": "form-control",
"placeholder": field.label
}
-
自定义类
class BootStrapModelForm(forms.ModelForm): def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): super().__init__(*args, **kwargs) # 循环ModelForm中的所有字段,给每个字段的插件设置 for name, field in self.fields.items(): # 字段中有属性,保留原来的属性,没有属性,才增加。 if field.widget.attrs: field.widget.attrs["class"] = "form-control" field.widget.attrs["placeholder"] = field.label else: field.widget.attrs = { "class": "form-control", "placeholder": field.label }
class UserEditModelForm(BootStrapModelForm): class Meta: model = models.UserInfo fields = ["name", "password", "age",]
操作
- 提取公共的类
-
ModelForm拆分出来
-
视图函数的归类