目录
1 腾讯云短信开发
# 给手机发送短信---》第三方平台：腾讯云短信----》
# API和SDK，有sdk优先用sdk
# sdk：
3.0版本，云操作的sdk，不仅仅有发送短信，还有云功能的其他功能
2.0版本，简单，只有发送短信功能
# 安装sdk
-方式一：pip install tencentcloud-sdk-python
-方式二源码安装：
-下载源码
-执行 python steup.py install
# 发送短信测试
1.1 封装发送短信
-libs下：
send_sms_v3
__init__.py
settings.py
sms.py
# __init__.py
from .sms import get_code,send_sms
# settings.py
SECRET_ID = ''
SECRET_KEY = ''
APP_ID = ''
SIGN_NAME = ''
TEMPLATE_ID = ''
# sms.py
# 生成 n 位数字验证码的函数
import random
from tencentcloud.common import credential
from tencentcloud.common.exception.tencent_cloud_sdk_exception import TencentCloudSDKException
from tencentcloud.sms.v20210111 import sms_client, models
from tencentcloud.common.profile.client_profile import ClientProfile
from tencentcloud.common.profile.http_profile import HttpProfile
from . import settings
import json
def get_code(number=4):
code = ''
for i in range(number):
code += str(random.randint(0, 9)) # python 是强类型语言，不同类型运算不允许
return code
# 发送短信函数
def send_sms(code, mobile):
try:
cred = credential.Credential(settings.SECRET_ID, settings.SECRET_KEY)
httpProfile = HttpProfile()
httpProfile.reqMethod = "POST" # post请求(默认为post请求)
httpProfile.reqTimeout = 30 # 请求超时时间，单位为秒(默认60秒)
httpProfile.endpoint = "sms.tencentcloudapi.com" # 指定接入地域域名(默认就近接入)
clientProfile = ClientProfile()
clientProfile.signMethod = "TC3-HMAC-SHA256" # 指定签名算法
clientProfile.language = "en-US"
clientProfile.httpProfile = httpProfile
client = sms_client.SmsClient(cred, "ap-guangzhou", clientProfile)
req = models.SendSmsRequest()
req.SmsSdkAppId = settings.APP_ID
req.SignName = settings.SIGN_NAME
req.TemplateId = settings.TEMPLATE_ID
# 模板参数: 模板参数的个数需要与 TemplateId 对应模板的变量个数保持一致，，若无模板参数，则设置为空
req.TemplateParamSet = [code, '1']
# 下发手机号码，采用 E.164 标准，+[国家或地区码][手机号]
# 示例如：+8613711112222， 其中前面有一个+号 ，86为国家码，13711112222为手机号，最多不要超过200个手机号
req.PhoneNumberSet = ["+86" + mobile, ]
# 用户的 session 内容（无需要可忽略）: 可以携带用户侧 ID 等上下文信息，server 会原样返回
req.SessionContext = ""
# 短信码号扩展号（无需要可忽略）: 默认未开通，如需开通请联系 [腾讯云短信小助手]
req.ExtendCode = ""
# 国际/港澳台短信 senderid（无需要可忽略）: 国内短信填空，默认未开通，如需开通请联系 [腾讯云短信小助手]
req.SenderId = ""
resp = client.SendSms(req)
# 输出json格式的字符串回包
res = json.loads(resp.to_json_string(indent=2))
if res.get('SendStatusSet')[0].get('Code') == 'Ok':
return True
else:
return False
except TencentCloudSDKException as err:
print(err)
return False
2 短信验证码接口
class UserView(GenericViewSet):
serializer_class = UserLoginSerializer
queryset = User.objects.all().filter(is_active=True)
@action(methods=['POST'], detail=False)
def send_sms(self, request):
try:
mobile = request.data['mobile']
# 生成验证码
code = get_code()
res = send_sms_ss(code, mobile) # 同步发送，后期可以改成异步 后期学了celery可以加入异步 目前咱们可以使用 多线程
if res:
return APIResponse(msg='发送成功')
else:
return APIResponse(code=101, msg='发送失败')
except Exception as e:
raise APIException(str(e))
3 短信登录接口
# 前端---》{mobile:122334,code:8888}---->post----》
# 视图类的方法中的逻辑
1 取出手机号和验证码
2 校验验证码是否正确（发送验证码接口，存储验证码）
-session：根本不用
-全局变量：不好，可能会取不到，集群环境中
-缓存：django 自带缓存
-from django.core.cache import cache
-cache.set()
-cache.get()
3 根据手机号查询用户，如果能查到
4 签发token
5 返回给前端
3.1 视图类
class UserView(GenericViewSet):
# class UserView(ViewSetMixin, GenericAPIView):
serializer_class = UserLoginSerializer
queryset = User.objects.all().filter(is_active=True)
# 重写
def get_serializer_class(self):
if self.action == 'login_sms':
return UserMobileLoginSerializer
else:
return super().get_serializer_class()
def _login(self,request,*args, **kwargs):
ser = self.get_serializer(data=request.data)
ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
token = ser.context.get('token')
username = ser.context.get('username')
return APIResponse(token=token, username=username)
@action(methods=['POST'], detail=False)
def login_sms(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self._login(request)
4.2 序列化类
from .models import User
from rest_framework import serializers
import re
from rest_framework.exceptions import APIException, ValidationError
from rest_framework_jwt.settings import api_settings
jwt_payload_handler = api_settings.JWT_PAYLOAD_HANDLER
jwt_encode_handler = api_settings.JWT_ENCODE_HANDLER
from django.core.cache import cache
class BaseUserSerializer:
def validate(self, attrs):
user = self._get_user(attrs)
token = self._get_token(user)
self.context['token'] = token
self.context['username'] = user.username
return attrs
def _get_user(self, attrs):
raise Exception('你必须重写它')
def _get_token(self, user):
payload = jwt_payload_handler(user)
token = jwt_encode_handler(payload)
return token
class UserMobileLoginSerializer(BaseUserSerializer, serializers.ModelSerializer):
code = serializers.CharField()
mobile = serializers.CharField()
class Meta:
model = User
fields = ['mobile', 'code'] # code 不是表的字段，要重写 ，mobile 有唯一约束，需要重写
def _get_user(self, attrs):
code = attrs.get('code')
mobile = attrs.get('mobile')
# 从缓存中取出
old_code = cache.get('sms_code_%s' % mobile)
if old_code and old_code == code:
# 根据手机号，查到用户
user = User.objects.filter(mobile=mobile).first()
if user:
return user
else:
raise APIException('用户不存在')
else:
raise APIException('验证码验证失败')
4 短信注册接口
# 前端---》{mobile:1888344,code:8888,password:123}--->post
# 后端 视图类
4.1 路由
# http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/user/register/ --->post 请求
router.register('register',views.RegisterUserView,'register')
4.2 视图类
class RegisterUserView(GenericViewSet, CreateModelMixin):
queryset = User.objects.all()
serializer_class = RegisterSerializer
def create(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# 使用父类的，会触发序列化，一定要让code只写
super().create(request, *args, **kwargs)
# 另一种写法，不用序列化
# serializer = self.get_serializer(data=request.data)
# serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
# self.perform_create(serializer)
return APIResponse(msg='注册成功')
4.3 序列化类
class RegisterSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
# code 不是数据库字段，重写
code = serializers.CharField(max_length=4, write_only=True)
class Meta:
model = User
fields = ['mobile', 'code', 'password']
extra_kwargs = {
'password': {'write_only': True}
}
def validate(self, attrs): # 全局钩子
'''
1 取出前端传入的code，校验code是否正确
2 把username设置成手机号（你可以随机生成），用户名如果不传，存库进不去
3 code 不是数据库的字段，从attrs中剔除
'''
mobile = attrs.get('mobile')
code = attrs.get('code')
old_code = cache.get('sms_code_%s' % mobile)
if old_code and old_code == code:
attrs['username'] = mobile
attrs.pop('code')
else:
raise APIException('验证码验证失败')
return attrs
def create(self, validated_data): # 一定要重写create，因为密码是明文，如果不重写，存入到数据库的也是明文
# validated_data={username:18888,mobile:18888,password:123}
# 创建用户
user = User.objects.create_user(**validated_data)
# 不要忘了return，后期，ser.data 会使用当前返回的对象做序列化
return user