- conquer [Origin: conquerre, from Latin conquirere 'to look for, collect', from com- + quaerere 'to ask, search']
- collect the rent: 收房租
- query [Origin: quere 'question', from Latin quaere! 'ask!']
The Norman conquest of England was the 11th-century invasion and occupation of England by an army of Norman, Bretons, and French soldiers led by Duke William II of Normandy, later styled as William the Conqueror.
Breton usually refers to anything associated with Brittany [布列塔尼]. Brittany (/ˈbritəni/ French: Bretagne [bʁətaɲ]) is a cultural region in the west of France, covering the western part of what was known as Armorica during the period of Roman occupation. It became an independent kingdom and then a duchy [dukedom] before being united with the Kingdom of France in 1532 as a province governed as a separate nation under the crown.
William's claim to the English throne derived from his familial relationship with the childless Anglo-Saxon King Edward the Confessor, who may have encouraged William's hopes for the throne. Edward died in January 1066 and was succeeded by his brother-in-law Harold Godwinson. The Norwegian king Harald Hardrada invaded northern England in September 1066 and was victorious at the Battle of Fulford, but Harold defeated and killed him at the Battle of Stamford Bridge on 25 September. Within days, William landed in southern England. Harold marched south to confront him, leaving a significant portion of his army in the north. Harold's army confronted William's invaders on 14 October at the Battle of Hastings; William's force defeated Harold, who was killed in the engagement [battle].
Although William's main rivals were gone, he still faced rebellions over the following years and was not secure on his throne until after 1072. The lands of the resisting English elite were confiscated; some of the elite fled [flee的过去式] into exile. To control his new kingdom, William granted lands to his followers and built castles commanding military strongpoints [据点] throughout the land. Other effects of the conquest included the court and government, the introduction of the Norman language as the language of the elites, and changes in the composition of the upper classes, as William enfeoffed [分封] lands to be held directly from the king. More gradual changes affected the agricultural classes and village life: the main change appears to have been the formal elimination of slavery, which may or may not have been linked to the invasion. There was little alteration in the structure of government, as the new Norman administrators took over many of the forms of Anglo-Saxon government.
A vassal or liege subject is a person regarded as having a mutual obligation to a lord or monarch, in the context of the feudal system in medieval Europe. The obligations often included military support by knights in exchange for certain privileges, usually including land held as a tenant or fief [封地]. The term is also applied to similar arrangements in other feudal societies. In contrast, fealty (fidelitas) was sworn, unconditional loyalty to a monarch.
江户幕府时期是以将军为中心的层层分封，直属于将军万石以上的叫大名，大名有家臣，有的大名家臣的封地也在万石以上，但因为不直属将军所以不是大名，大名的家臣如果封地大也会有家臣，其中大的家臣可能也有封地。
After 1066, William did not attempt to integrate his separate domains into one unified realm with one set of laws. His seal from after 1066, of which six impressions still survive, was made for him after he conquered England and stressed his role as king, while separately mentioning his role as duke. 他的1066年后的印章(如今还有6个(盖在纸上的)章——文物)…… When in Normandy, William acknowledged that he owed fealty to the French king, but in England no such acknowledgment was made – further evidence that the various parts of William's lands were considered separate. The administrative machinery of Normandy, England, and Maine continued to exist separate from the other lands, with each one retaining its own forms. For example, England continued the use of writs [令状], which were not known on the continent. Also, the charters and documents produced for the government in Normandy differed in formulas from those produced in England.
Maine is one of the traditional provinces of France. It corresponds to the former County of Maine, whose capital was also the city of Le Mans [勒芒].
The Province of Maine refers to any of the various English colonies established in the 17th century along the northeast coast of North America, within portions of the present-day U.S. states of Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont, and the Canadian provinces of Quebec and New Brunswick.
六级/考研单词: conquer, query, invade, unite, province, throne, derive, march, confront, portion, engage, rival, rebel, elite, flee, exile, militant, compose, gradual, affection, eliminate, slave, mutual, sovereign, medieval, seldom, knight, privilege, tenant, loyal, integrate, domain, unify, realm, seal, farther, administer, continent, charter, differ, correspond, colony
标签：his,England,1066,William,conquer,was,Maine From： https://www.cnblogs.com/funwithwords/p/16590332.html