一、部署流程
master（2C/4G，cpu核心数要求大于2） 192.168.246.10 docker、kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl、flannel
node01（2C/2G） 192.168.246.11 docker、kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl、flannel
node02（2C/2G） 192.168.246.12 docker、kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl、flannel
Harbor节点（hub.gyr.com） 192.168.246.13 docker、docker-compose、harbor-offline-v1.2.2
1、在所有节点上安装Docker和kubeadm
2、部署Kubernetes Master
3、部署容器网络插件
4、部署 Kubernetes Node，将节点加入Kubernetes集群中
5、部署 Dashboard Web 页面，可视化查看Kubernetes资源
6、部署 Harbor 私有仓库，存放镜像资源
二、环境部署
1、所有节点，关闭防火墙规则，关闭selinux，关闭swap交换
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
setenforce 0
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
iptables -F && iptables -t nat -F && iptables -t mangle -F && iptables -X
swapoff -a #交换分区必须要关闭
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab #永久关闭swap分区，&符号在sed命令中代表上次匹配的结果
#加载 ip_vs 模块
for i in $(ls /usr/lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/net/netfilter/ipvs|grep -o "^[^.]*");do echo $i; /sbin/modinfo -F filename $i >/dev/null 2>&1 && /sbin/modprobe $i;done
2、修改主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname master01
hostnamectl set-hostname node01
hostnamectl set-hostname node02
3、所有节点修改hosts文件
vim /etc/hosts
192.168.246.10 master01
192.168.246.11 node01
192.168.246.12 node02
4、调整内核参数
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf << EOF
#开启网桥模式，可将网桥的流量传递给iptables链
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables=1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1
#关闭ipv6协议
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
EOF
5、生效参数
sysctl --system
三、所有节点安装docker
yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
yum install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
mkdir /etc/docker
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://6ijb8ubo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
"log-driver": "json-file",
"log-opts": {
"max-size": "100m"
}
}
EOF
#使用Systemd管理的Cgroup来进行资源控制与管理，因为相对Cgroupfs而言，Systemd限制CPU、内存等资源更加简单和成熟稳定。
#日志使用json-file格式类型存储，大小为100M，保存在/var/log/containers目录下，方便ELK等日志系统收集和管理日志。
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker.service
systemctl enable docker.service
docker info | grep "Cgroup Driver"
Cgroup Driver: systemd
四、安装kubeadm，kubelet，kubectl
1、定义kubernetes源
cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
yum install -y kubelet-1.20.11 kubeadm-1.20.11 kubectl-1.20.11
2、开机自启kubelet
systemctl enable kubelet.service
#K8S通过kubeadm安装出来以后都是以Pod方式存在，即底层是以容器方式运行，所以kubelet必须设置开机自启
五、部署K8S集群
1、查看初始化需要的镜像
kubeadm config images list
2、在 master 节点上传 v1.20.11.zip 压缩包至 /opt 目录
unzip v1.20.11.zip -d /opt/k8s
cd /opt/k8s/v1.20.11
for i in $(ls *.tar); do docker load -i $i; done
3、复制镜像和脚本到 node 节点，并在 node 节点上执行脚本加载镜像文件
scp -r /opt/k8s root@node01:/opt
scp -r /opt/k8s root@node02:/opt
4、初始化kubeadm
方法一：
kubeadm config print init-defaults > /opt/kubeadm-config.yaml
cd /opt/
vim kubeadm-config.yaml
......
11 localAPIEndpoint:
12 advertiseAddress: 192.168.246.10 #指定master节点的IP地址
13 bindPort: 6443
......
34 kubernetesVersion: v1.20.11 #指定kubernetes版本号
35 networking:
36 dnsDomain: cluster.local
37 podSubnet: "10.244.0.0/16" #指定pod网段，10.244.0.0/16用于匹配flannel默认网段
38 serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/16 #指定service网段
39 scheduler: {}
#末尾再添加以下内容
---
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
mode: ipvs #把默认的kube-proxy调度方式改为ipvs模式
kubeadm init --config=kubeadm-config.yaml --upload-certs | tee kubeadm-init.log
#--experimental-upload-certs 参数可以在后续执行加入节点时自动分发证书文件，K8S V1.16版本开始替换为 --upload-certs
#tee kubeadm-init.log 用以输出日志
查看 kubeadm-init 日志
less kubeadm-init.log
kubernetes配置文件目录
ls /etc/kubernetes/
存放ca等证书和密码的目录
ls /etc/kubernetes/pki
方法二：
[root@master01 v1.20.11]# kubeadm init \
> --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.246.10 \
> --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
> --kubernetes-version=v1.20.11 \
> --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/16 \
> --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \
> --token-ttl=0
初始化集群需使用kubeadm init命令，可以指定具体参数初始化，也可以指定配置文件初始化。
可选参数：
--apiserver-advertise-address：apiserver通告给其他组件的IP地址，一般应该为Master节点的用于集群内部通信的IP地址，0.0.0.0表示节点上所有可用地址
--apiserver-bind-port：apiserver的监听端口，默认是6443
--cert-dir：通讯的ssl证书文件，默认/etc/kubernetes/pki
--control-plane-endpoint：控制台平面的共享终端，可以是负载均衡的ip地址或者dns域名，高可用集群时需要添加
--image-repository：拉取镜像的镜像仓库，默认是k8s.gcr.io
--kubernetes-version：指定kubernetes版本
--pod-network-cidr：pod资源的网段，需与pod网络插件的值设置一致。Flannel网络插件的默认为10.244.0.0/16，Calico插件的默认值为192.168.0.0/16；
--service-cidr：service资源的网段
--service-dns-domain：service全域名的后缀，默认是cluster.local
--token-ttl：默认token的有效期为24小时，如果不想过期，可以加上 --token-ttl=0 这个参数
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
方法二初始化后需要修改 kube-proxy 的 configmap，开启 ipvs
kubectl edit cm kube-proxy -n=kube-system
修改mode: ipvs
提示：
Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!
To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:
export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/
Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:
kubeadm join 192.168.246.10:6443 --token 3qqhgt.wdrf1f0rhmwozy1z \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:446c8ba0e7054060040faae332e86519153015cb6be93128391a5e371e26fcc5
设定kubectl
kubectl需经由API server认证及授权后方能执行相应的管理操作，kubeadm 部署的集群为其生成了一个具有管理员权限的认证配置文件 /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf，它可由 kubectl 通过默认的 “$HOME/.kube/config” 的路径进行加载。
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
如果 kubectl get cs 发现集群不健康，更改以下两个文件
vim /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-scheduler.yaml
vim /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-controller-manager.yaml
# 修改如下内容
把--bind-address=127.0.0.1变成--bind-address=192.168.246.10 #修改成k8s的控制节点master01的ip
把httpGet:字段下的hosts由127.0.0.1变成192.168.246.10（有两处）
#- --port=0 # 搜索port=0，把这一行注释掉
systemctl restart kubelet
5、所有节点部署网络插件flannel
方法一：
1、所有节点上传flannel镜像 flannel.tar 到 /opt 目录，master节点上传 kube-flannel.yml 文件
cd /opt
docker load < flannel.tar
2、在 master 节点创建 flannel 资源
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
方法二：
1、kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
6、在 node 节点上执行 kubeadm join 命令加入群集
kubeadm join 192.168.246.10:6443 --token 3qqhgt.wdrf1f0rhmwozy1z \
> --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:446c8ba0e7054060040faae332e86519153015cb6be93128391a5e371e26fcc5
7、在master节点查看节点状态
kubectl get nodes
kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
coredns-7f89b7bc75-mklj9 0/1 Pending 0 5m53s
coredns-7f89b7bc75-nmhzp 0/1 Pending 0 5m53s
etcd-master01 1/1 Running 0 6m6s
kube-apiserver-master01 1/1 Running 0 6m6s
kube-controller-manager-master01 1/1 Running 0 3m58s
kube-flannel-ds-49x6v 1/1 Running 1 40s
kube-flannel-ds-7dn98 1/1 Running 1 31s
kube-flannel-ds-xv89s 1/1 Running 0 56s
kube-proxy-ddhqn 1/1 Running 0 5m53s
kube-proxy-lv7b4 1/1 Running 0 31s
kube-proxy-sk8jg 1/1 Running 0 40s
kube-scheduler-master01 1/1 Running 0 4m52s
#出现了pending，先查看报错信息
kubectl describe pod -n kube-system coredns-7f89b7bc75-mklj9
Type Reason Age From Message
---- ------ ---- ---- -------
Warning FailedScheduling 12m default-scheduler 0/1 nodes are available: 1 node(s) had taint {node.kubernetes.io/not-ready: }, that the pod didn't tolerate.
Warning FailedScheduling 8m22s default-scheduler 0/3 nodes are available: 3 node(s) had taint {node.kubernetes.io/not-ready: }, that the pod didn't tolerate.
Warning FailedScheduling 8m2s default-scheduler 0/3 nodes are available: 3 node(s) had taint {node.kubernetes.io/not-ready: }, that the pod didn't tolerate.
Normal Scheduled 101s default-scheduler Successfully assigned kube-system/coredns-7f89b7bc75-mklj9 to node01
Warning FailedScheduling 13m (x2 over 13m) default-scheduler 0/1 nodes are available: 1 node(s) had taint {node.kubernetes.io/not-ready: }, that the pod didn't tolerate.
Normal Pulling 100s kubelet Pulling image "registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:1.7.0"
Normal Pulled 99s kubelet Successfully pulled image "registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:1.7.0" in 1.022190307s
Normal Created 99s kubelet Created container coredns
Normal Started 99s kubelet Started container coredns
这是cni插件的bug问题
上传新的cni插件cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.6.tgz到opt下
mkdir cni/bin -p
tar zxvf cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.6.tgz -C /opt/cni/bin/
kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
coredns-7f89b7bc75-mklj9 1/1 Running 0 15m
coredns-7f89b7bc75-nmhzp 1/1 Running 0 15m
etcd-master01 1/1 Running 0 15m
kube-apiserver-master01 1/1 Running 0 15m
kube-controller-manager-master01 1/1 Running 0 13m
kube-flannel-ds-49x6v 1/1 Running 1 10m
kube-flannel-ds-7dn98 1/1 Running 1 10m
kube-flannel-ds-xv89s 1/1 Running 0 10m
kube-proxy-ddhqn 1/1 Running 0 15m
kube-proxy-lv7b4 1/1 Running 0 10m
kube-proxy-sk8jg 1/1 Running 0 10m
kube-scheduler-master01 1/1 Running 0 14m
scp -r cni root@master01:/opt/
scp -r cni root@node02:/opt/
kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
master01 Ready control-plane,master 21m v1.20.11
node01 Ready <none> 15m v1.20.11
node02 Ready <none> 15m v1.20.11
8、测试 pod 资源创建
kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx
kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
nginx-6799fc88d8-lbrgc 1/1 Running 0 30s 10.244.2.2 node02 <none>
9、暴露端口提供服务
kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --type=NodePort
kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 25m
nginx NodePort 10.96.21.84 <none> 80:31353/TCP 10s
3s
10、测试访问
curl http://node01:31353
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
html { color-scheme: light dark; }
body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
11、扩展3个副本
kubectl scale deployment nginx --replicas=3
kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
nginx-6799fc88d8-26v2b 1/1 Running 0 36s 10.244.2.4 node02 <none> <none>
nginx-6799fc88d8-4qvgr 1/1 Running 0 36s 10.244.2.3 node02 <none> <none>
nginx-6799fc88d8-lbrgc 1/1 Running 0 3m34s 10.244.2.2 node02 <none> <none>
六、部署dashboard
1、在 master01 节点上操作
#上传 recommended.yaml 文件到 /opt/k8s 目录中
cd /opt/k8s
vim recommended.yaml
#默认Dashboard只能集群内部访问，修改Service为NodePort类型，暴露到外部：
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
ports:
- port: 443
targetPort: 8443
nodePort: 30001 #添加
type: NodePort #添加
selector:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
kubectl apply -f recommended.yaml
2、创建service account并绑定默认cluster-admin管理员集群角色
kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kube-system
kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:dashboard-admin
kubectl describe secrets -n kube-system $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | awk '/dashboard-admin/{print $1}')
3、使用输出的token登录Dashboard
https://192.168.246.10:30001
七、安装harbor私有仓库
1、修改主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname hub.gyr.com
2、所有节点加上主机名映射
echo '192.168.246.13 hub.gyr.com' >> /etc/hosts
3、安装 docker
yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
yum install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
mkdir /etc/docker
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://6ijb8ubo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
"log-driver": "json-file",
"log-opts": {
"max-size": "100m"
},
"insecure-registries": ["https://hub.gyr.com"]
}
EOF
systemctl start docker
systemctl enable docker
4、所有 node 节点都修改 docker 配置文件，加上私有仓库配置
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://6ijb8ubo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
"log-driver": "json-file",
"log-opts": {
"max-size": "100m"
},
"insecure-registries": ["https://hub.gyr.com"]
}
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker
5、安装 Harbor
//上传 harbor-offline-installer-v1.2.2.tgz 和 docker-compose 文件到 /opt 目录
cd /opt
cp docker-compose /usr/local/bin/
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
tar zxvf harbor-offline-installer-v1.2.2.tgz
cd harbor/
vim harbor.cfg
5 hostname = hub.gyr.com
9 ui_url_protocol = https
24 ssl_cert = /data/cert/server.crt
25 ssl_cert_key = /data/cert/server.key
59 harbor_admin_password = Harbor12345
6、生成证书
mkdir -p /data/cert
cd /data/cert
#生成私钥
openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 2048
输入两遍密码：123456
7、生成证书签名请求文件
openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr
输入私钥密码：123456
输入国家名：CN
输入省名：BJ
输入市名：BJ
输入组织名：GYR
输入机构名：GYR
输入域名：hub.gyr.com
输入管理员邮箱：[email protected]
其它全部直接回车
8、备份私钥
cp server.key server.key.org
9、清除私钥密码
openssl rsa -in server.key.org -out server.key
输入私钥密码：123456
10、签名证书
openssl x509 -req -days 1000 -in server.csr -signkey server.key -out server.crt
chmod +x /data/cert/*
cd /opt/harbor/
./install.sh
在本地使用火狐浏览器访问：https://hub.gyr.com
添加例外 -> 确认安全例外
用户名：admin
密码：Harbor12345
11、在一个node节点上登录harbor
docker login -u admin -p Harbor12345 https://hub.gyr.com
12、上传镜像
docker tag nginx:latest hub.gyr.com/library/nginx:v1
docker push hub.gyr.com/library/nginx:v1
13、在master节点上删除之前创建的nginx资源
kubectl delete deployment nginx
kubectl create deployment nginx-deployment --image=hub.gyr.com/library/nginx:v1 --port=80 --replicas=3
kubectl expose deployment nginx-deployment --port=30000 --target-port=80
kubectl get svc,pods
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
service/kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 10m
service/nginx-deployment ClusterIP 10.96.222.161 <none> 30000/TCP 3m15s
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod/nginx-deployment-77bcbfbfdc-bv5bz 1/1 Running 0 16s
pod/nginx-deployment-77bcbfbfdc-fq8wr 1/1 Running 0 16s
pod/nginx-deployment-77bcbfbfdc-xrg45 1/1 Running 0 3m39s
yum install ipvsadm -y
ipvsadm -Ln
curl 10.96.222.161:30000
kubectl edit svc nginx-deployment
25 type: NodePort #把调度策略改成NodePort
kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
service/kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 29m
service/nginx-deployment NodePort 10.96.222.161 <none> 30000:32340/TCP 22m
浏览器访问：
192.168.80.10:32340
192.168.80.11:32340
192.168.80.12:32340
#将cluster-admin角色权限授予用户system:anonymous
kubectl create clusterrolebinding cluster-system-anonymous --clusterrole=cluster-admin --user=system:anonymous
########### 内核参数优化方案 ##########
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf <<EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables=1
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle=0
vm.swappiness=0 #禁止使用 swap 空间，只有当系统内存不足（OOM）时才允许使用它
vm.overcommit_memory=1 #不检查物理内存是否够用
vm.panic_on_oom=0 #开启 OOM
fs.inotify.max_user_instances=8192
fs.inotify.max_user_watches=1048576
fs.file-max=52706963 #指定最大文件句柄数
fs.nr_open=52706963 #仅4.4以上版本支持
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max=2310720
EOF
标签：kubectl,kubernetes,部署,--,Running,docker,kube,Kubeadmin From： https://blog.51cto.com/u_15768428/6068696