程序中的录音文件之前直接保存的是 .pcm格式,一直也相安无事,用的挺好。最近有一个webview中需要加载录音文件,出现了不兼容的问题,所以需要把 .pcm格式文件转换为 .wav格式。
PCM
PCM(Pulse Code Modulation—-脉码调制录音)。所谓PCM录音就是将声音等模拟信号变成符号化的脉冲列,再予以记录。PCM信号是由[1]、[0]等符号构成的数字信号,而未经过任何编码和压缩处理。与模拟信号比,它不易受传送系统的杂波及失真的影响。动态范围宽,可得到音质相当好的效果。简单的说,pcm就是没有压缩的音频格式。
wav
wav全称是WAVE,.wav是其扩展名,它是一种无损的音频文件格式,WAV符合 RIFF(Resource Interchange File Format)规范。所有的WAV都有一个文件头,这个文件头是音频流的编码参数。WAV对音频流的编码没有硬性规定,除了PCM之外,还有几乎所有支持ACM规范的编码都可以为WAV的音频流进行编码。
pcm和wav关系 pcm是无损wav文件中音频数据的一种编码方式,pcm加上wav文件头就可以转为wav格式,但wav还可以用其它方式编码。
PcmToWavUtil
package com.hgb.mytest; import android.media.AudioFormat; import android.media.AudioRecord; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; /** * Created by HaoGuibao * Date 2016/8/26. * Description :pcm格式的音频转换为wav格式的工具类 */ public class PcmToWavUtil { private int mBufferSize; //缓存的音频大小 private int mSampleRate = 8000;// 8000|16000 private int mChannel = AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_STEREO; //立体声 private int mEncoding = AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT; public PcmToWavUtil() { this.mBufferSize = AudioRecord.getMinBufferSize(mSampleRate, mChannel, mEncoding); } /** * @param sampleRate sample rate、采样率 * @param channel channel、声道 * @param encoding Audio data format、音频格式 */ public PcmToWavUtil(int sampleRate, int channel, int encoding) { this.mSampleRate = sampleRate; this.mChannel = channel; this.mEncoding = encoding; this.mBufferSize = AudioRecord.getMinBufferSize(mSampleRate, mChannel, mEncoding); } /** * pcm文件转wav文件 * * @param inFilename 源文件路径 * @param outFilename 目标文件路径 */ public void pcmToWav(String inFilename, String outFilename) { FileInputStream in; FileOutputStream out; long totalAudioLen; long totalDataLen; long longSampleRate = mSampleRate; int channels = 2; long byteRate = 16 * mSampleRate * channels / 8; byte[] data = new byte[mBufferSize]; try { in = new FileInputStream(inFilename); out = new FileOutputStream(outFilename); totalAudioLen = in.getChannel().size(); totalDataLen = totalAudioLen + 36; writeWaveFileHeader(out, totalAudioLen, totalDataLen, longSampleRate, channels, byteRate); while (in.read(data) != -1) { out.write(data); } in.close(); out.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } /** * 加入wav文件头 */ private void writeWaveFileHeader(FileOutputStream out, long totalAudioLen, long totalDataLen, long longSampleRate, int channels, long byteRate) throws IOException { byte[] header = new byte[44]; header[0] = 'R'; // RIFF/WAVE header header[1] = 'I'; header[2] = 'F'; header[3] = 'F'; header[4] = (byte) (totalDataLen & 0xff); header[5] = (byte) ((totalDataLen 8) & 0xff); header[6] = (byte) ((totalDataLen 16) & 0xff); header[7] = (byte) ((totalDataLen 24) & 0xff); header[8] = 'W'; //WAVE header[9] = 'A'; header[10] = 'V'; header[11] = 'E'; header[12] = 'f'; // 'fmt ' chunk header[13] = 'm'; header[14] = 't'; header[15] = ' '; header[16] = 16; // 4 bytes: size of 'fmt ' chunk header[17] = 0; header[18] = 0; header[19] = 0; header[20] = 1; // format = 1 header[21] = 0; header[22] = (byte) channels; header[23] = 0; header[24] = (byte) (longSampleRate & 0xff); header[25] = (byte) ((longSampleRate 8) & 0xff); header[26] = (byte) ((longSampleRate 16) & 0xff); header[27] = (byte) ((longSampleRate 24) & 0xff); header[28] = (byte) (byteRate & 0xff); header[29] = (byte) ((byteRate 8) & 0xff); header[30] = (byte) ((byteRate 16) & 0xff); header[31] = (byte) ((byteRate 24) & 0xff); header[32] = (byte) (2 * 16 / 8); // block align header[33] = 0; header[34] = 16; // bits per sample header[35] = 0; header[36] = 'd'; //data header[37] = 'a'; header[38] = 't'; header[39] = 'a'; header[40] = (byte) (totalAudioLen & 0xff); header[41] = (byte) ((totalAudioLen 8) & 0xff); header[42] = (byte) ((totalAudioLen 16) & 0xff); header[43] = (byte) ((totalAudioLen 24) & 0xff); out.write(header, 0, 44); } }
Demo 把手机内存卡上 /sdcard/yxck/treamentRecord/ 的123.pcm转换为123.wav文件。
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { /** * pcm格式转wav格式工具类 */ private PcmToWavUtil pcmToWavUtil = new PcmToWavUtil(); @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); final String path = "/sdcard/yxck/treamentRecord/123.pcm"; //按原路径把音频文件后缀改一下; final String outpath = path.replace(".pcm", ".wav"); Button button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button); button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View view) { pcmToWavUtil.pcmToWav(path, outpath); } }); } }
pcm转换wav格式成功
![](/i/l/?n=23&i=blog/662503/202302/662503-20230215171915057-780989719.png)
【参考链接】