tar

Operation mode:

1. -A --catenate ---concatenate  追加模式, 不能是压缩的
   

   tar -A a.tar -vf b.tar

   追加a.tar到b.tar后面

2. -c --create 创建模式, 目录默认递归, --no-recursion不对目录递归
   

    

   tar cf c.tar --no-recursion plural/ helm/   # plural, helm 均不递归
   tar cf c.tar --no-recursion plural --recursion helm   # plural不递归, helm递归

    

3. -d --diff 
   

   tar --diff -f c.tar -C plural

    

4. --delete delete from archive, The arguments supply names of the archive members to be removed, At least one argument must be given
   

   tar --delete helm/plural/Chart.yaml -f c.tar

    

5. --append Append files to the end of an archive, Arguments have the same meaning as for -c
   

   tar --append calico.yaml -f plural.tar

    

6. -t --list Arguments are optional, when given, they specify the names of the members to list
   

   tar tf plural.tar b.yaml   # 只列出b.yaml

    

7. -x  Extract files from an archive, Arguments are optional, When given, they specify names of archive memeber to extracted
   tar 压缩默认使用相对路径, 进入对应目录后extract
   

   cd /media && tar xf /root/plural.tar

   extract单个文件, -C --directory参数无效
   
   

   tar xf /root/plural.tar calico.yaml   # 支持补全

    

8. --show-defaults
   
   
9. --usage

Options:

1. --exclude
   

   tar cvf audit.tar --exclude='*.rules' --exclude='*.conf' /etc/audit

    

2. --absolute-names  tarball不移除 /, extract时移除
   

   tar cvf b.tar --exclude='*.rules' /etc/audit --absolute-names

   extract时保持 /, 会覆盖全局文件

   tar xf plugral.tar --absolute-names

   --keep-old-files      Don't replace existing files when extracting 报错
   --skip-old-files        Don't replace existing files when extracting,  silently skip over them 不报错
   
   

3. --mode --owner --group
   

   tar cvf plural.tar --mode 7777 --owner bin --group adm /etc/audit

    

4. -m  Don't extract file modified time 默认extracted出来的文件和archive的modified time相同, -m会使modified time修改成当前时间
   
   
5. -p preserve-permissions, root默认有此选项, 普通用户需手动添加, 否则提取的文件权限和archive不同
6. --same-owner        Try extracting files with the same ownership as exists in the archive (default for superuser).
7. --strip-components Strip NUMBER leading components from file names on extraction 只会提取components>NUMBER的文件
   
   
8. --files-from Get names to extract or create from FILE

Usage:

1. 备份/etc/audit
   

   tar cvf - /etc/audit | tar xvf - -C /media

   备份到远端机器
   
   

   tar cvf - /etc/audit | ssh vandal-2 'tar xvf - -C /media'

    

2. 打包隐藏文件
   

   tar cvf - `find . -print` > backup.tar

    

3. 只打包/etc/audit下 *.rules *.conf
   

   find /etc/audit -name '*.rules' -o -name '*.conf' > list
   tar cvzf plural.tar.gz /etc/audit --files-from list
   
   
   find /etc/audit -name '*.rules' -o -name '*.conf' | tar cvzf plural.tar.gz --files-from -