Time/Watermarker

时间分类

EventTime的重要性和Watermarker的引入

代码演示-开发版-掌握

https://ci.apache.org/projects/flink/flink-docs-release-1.12/dev/event_timestamps_watermarks.html

package com.gec.watermaker;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import org.apache.flink.api.common.RuntimeExecutionMode;
import org.apache.flink.api.common.eventtime.WatermarkStrategy;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.datastream.DataStreamSource;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.datastream.SingleOutputStreamOperator;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.environment.StreamExecutionEnvironment;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.functions.source.SourceFunction;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.windowing.assigners.TumblingEventTimeWindows;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.windowing.time.Time;

import java.time.Duration;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.UUID;

/**
 * Desc 演示基于事件时间的窗口计算+Watermaker解决一定程度上的数据乱序/延迟到达的问题
 */
public class WatermakerDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //TODO 0.env
        StreamExecutionEnvironment env = StreamExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment();
        env.setRuntimeMode(RuntimeExecutionMode.AUTOMATIC);

        //TODO 1.source
        DataStreamSource<Order> orderDS = env.addSource(new SourceFunction<Order>() {
            private boolean flag = true;

            @Override
            public void run(SourceContext<Order> ctx) throws Exception {
                Random random = new Random();
                while (flag) {
                    String orderId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
                    int userId = random.nextInt(2);
                    int money = random.nextInt(101);
                    //随机模拟延迟
                    long eventTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - random.nextInt(5) * 1000;
                    ctx.collect(new Order(orderId, userId, money, eventTime));// 发给下游处理
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                }
            }

            @Override
            public void cancel() {
                flag = false;
            }
        });

        //TODO 2.transformation
        //老版本API
        /*DataStream<Order> watermakerDS = orderDS.assignTimestampsAndWatermarks(
                new BoundedOutOfOrdernessTimestampExtractor<Order>(Time.seconds(3)) {//最大允许的延迟时间或乱序时间
                    @Override
                    public long extractTimestamp(Order element) {
                        return element.eventTime;
                        //指定事件时间是哪一列,Flink底层会自动计算:
                        //Watermaker = 当前最大的事件时间 - 最大允许的延迟时间或乱序时间
                    }
        });*/
        //注意:下面的代码使用的是Flink1.12中新的API
        //每隔5s计算最近5s的数据求每个用户的订单总金额,要求:基于事件时间进行窗口计算+Watermaker
        //env.setStreamTimeCharacteristic(TimeCharacteristic.EventTime);//在新版本中默认就是EventTime
        // 默认情况下，水位线是每隔200ms产生一次
        //设置Watermaker = 当前最大的事件时间 - 最大允许的延迟时间或乱序时间
        SingleOutputStreamOperator<Order> orderDSWithWatermark = orderDS.assignTimestampsAndWatermarks(
                WatermarkStrategy.<Order>forBoundedOutOfOrderness(Duration.ofSeconds(3))//指定maxOutOfOrderness最大无序度/最大允许的延迟时间/乱序时间
                        .withTimestampAssigner((order, timestamp) -> order.getEventTime())//指定事件时间列
        );

        SingleOutputStreamOperator<Order> result = orderDSWithWatermark.keyBy(Order::getUserId)
            // TumblingEventTimeWindows 凡是基于EventTime的窗体，都要加水位线
                .window(TumblingEventTimeWindows.of(Time.seconds(5)))
                .sum("money");

        //TODO 3.sink
        result.print();

        //TODO 4.execute
        env.execute();
    }
    @Data
    @AllArgsConstructor
    @NoArgsConstructor
    public static class Order {
        private String orderId;
        private Integer userId;
        private Integer money;
        private Long eventTime;
    }
}

代码验证

package com.gec.windows;


import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import org.apache.commons.lang.time.FastDateFormat;
import org.apache.flink.api.common.RuntimeExecutionMode;
import org.apache.flink.api.common.eventtime.*;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.datastream.DataStream;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.datastream.DataStreamSource;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.datastream.SingleOutputStreamOperator;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.environment.StreamExecutionEnvironment;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.functions.source.SourceFunction;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.functions.windowing.WindowFunction;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.windowing.assigners.TumblingEventTimeWindows;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.windowing.time.Time;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.windowing.windows.TimeWindow;
import org.apache.flink.util.Collector;

import java.time.Duration;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.UUID;0

/**
 * Desc 演示基于事件时间的窗口计算+Watermaker解决一定程度上的数据乱序/延迟到达的问题
 */
public class WatermakerDemo01 {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        FastDateFormat df = FastDateFormat.getInstance("HH:mm:ss");

        //TODO 0.env
        StreamExecutionEnvironment env = StreamExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment();
        env.setRuntimeMode(RuntimeExecutionMode.AUTOMATIC);

        //TODO 1.source
        DataStreamSource<Order> orderDS = env.addSource(new SourceFunction<Order>() {
            private boolean flag = true;

            @Override
            public void run(SourceContext<Order> ctx) throws Exception {
                Random random = new Random();
                while (flag) {
                    String orderId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
                    int userId = random.nextInt(2);
                    int money = random.nextInt(101);
                    //随机模拟延迟
                    long eventTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - random.nextInt(5) * 1000;
                    ctx.collect(new Order(orderId, userId, money, eventTime));
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                }
            }

            @Override
            public void cancel() {
                flag = false;
            }
        });



        //3.Transformation
        /*DataStream<Order> watermakerDS = orderDS
                .assignTimestampsAndWatermarks(
                        WatermarkStrategy.<Order>forBoundedOutOfOrderness(Duration.ofSeconds(3))
                                .withTimestampAssigner((event, timestamp) -> event.getEventTime())
                );*/

        //开发中直接使用上面的即可
        //学习测试时可以自己实现
        DataStream<Order> watermakerDS = orderDS
                .assignTimestampsAndWatermarks(
                        new WatermarkStrategy<Order>() {
                            @Override
                            public WatermarkGenerator<Order> createWatermarkGenerator(WatermarkGeneratorSupplier.Context context) {
                                return new WatermarkGenerator<Order>() {
                                    private int userId = 0;
                                    private long eventTime = 0L;
                                    private final long outOfOrdernessMillis = 3000; // 设置允许的最大延迟/乱序时间
                                    private long maxTimestamp = Long.MIN_VALUE + outOfOrdernessMillis + 1; //定义当前最大事件时间

                                    @Override
                                    public void onEvent(Order event, long eventTimestamp, WatermarkOutput output) {//每来一条数据，就会自动调用一次onEvent方法
                                        userId = event.userId;
                                        eventTime = event.eventTime;
                                        maxTimestamp = Math.max(maxTimestamp, eventTimestamp);
                                    }

                                    @Override
                                    public void onPeriodicEmit(WatermarkOutput output) {// 发射水位线方法，默认每200ms调用一次
                                        //Watermaker = 当前最大事件时间 - 最大允许的延迟时间或乱序时间
                                        Watermark watermark = new Watermark(maxTimestamp - outOfOrdernessMillis - 1);
                                        System.out.println("key:" + userId + ",系统时间:" + df.format(System.currentTimeMillis()) + ",事件时间:" + df.format(eventTime) + ",水印时间:" + df.format(watermark.getTimestamp()));
                                        output.emitWatermark(watermark);
                                    }
                                };
                            }
                        }.withTimestampAssigner((event, timestamp) -> event.getEventTime())
                );


        //代码走到这里,就已经被添加上Watermaker了!接下来就可以进行窗口计算了
        //要求每隔5s,计算5秒内(基于时间的滚动窗口)，每个用户的订单总金额
       /* DataStream<Order> result = watermakerDS
                 .keyBy(Order::getUserId)
                //.timeWindow(Time.seconds(5), Time.seconds(5))
                .window(TumblingEventTimeWindows.of(Time.seconds(5)))
                .sum("money");*/

        //开发中使用上面的代码进行业务计算即可
        //学习测试时可以使用下面的代码对数据进行更详细的输出,如输出窗口触发时各个窗口中的数据的事件时间,Watermaker时间
        DataStream<String> result = watermakerDS
                .keyBy(Order::getUserId)
                .window(TumblingEventTimeWindows.of(Time.seconds(5)))
                //把apply中的函数应用在窗口中的数据上
                //WindowFunction<IN, OUT, KEY, W extends Window>
                .apply(new WindowFunction<Order, String, Integer, TimeWindow>() {//第一个参数：输入数据类型，第二个参数：输出数据类型，第三个参数：KEY值数据类型，第四个参数：窗体时间类型
                    @Override
                    public void apply(Integer key, TimeWindow window, Iterable<Order> input, Collector<String> out) throws Exception {// 当上一个窗体发生计算，会回调此方法
                        //准备一个集合用来存放属于该窗口的数据的事件时间
                        List<String> eventTimeList = new ArrayList<>();
                        for (Order order : input) {
                            Long eventTime = order.eventTime;
                            eventTimeList.add(df.format(eventTime));
                        }
                        String outStr = String.format("key:%s,窗口开始结束:[%s~%s),属于该窗口的事件时间:%s",
                                key.toString(), df.format(window.getStart()), df.format(window.getEnd()), eventTimeList);
                        out.collect(outStr);
                    }
                });
        //4.Sink
        result.print();

        //5.execute
        env.execute();


    }
    @Data
    @AllArgsConstructor
    @NoArgsConstructor
    public static class Order {
        private String orderId;
        private Integer userId;
        private Integer money;
        private Long eventTime;
    }
}