<article class="post-article">
<section class="markdown-content"><p><code>Gin</code>是一个用Go语言编写的web框架。它是一个类似于<code>martini</code>但拥有更好性能的API框架, 由于使用了<code>httprouter</code>,速度提高了近40倍。 如果你是性能和高效的追求者, 你会爱上<code>Gin</code>。</p>
<h1 id="Gin框架介绍"><a href="#Gin框架介绍" class="headerlink" title="Gin框架介绍"></a>Gin框架介绍</h1><p>Go世界里最流行的Web框架,<a href="https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Github</a>上有<code>24K+</code>star。
基于<a href="https://github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter" target="_blank" rel="noopener">httprouter</a>开发的Web框架。
<a href="https://gin-gonic.com/zh-cn/docs/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">中文文档</a>齐全,简单易用的轻量级框架。</p>
<h1 id="Gin框架安装与使用"><a href="#Gin框架安装与使用" class="headerlink" title="Gin框架安装与使用"></a>Gin框架安装与使用</h1><h1 id="安装"><a href="#安装" class="headerlink" title="安装"></a>安装</h1><p>下载并安装<code>Gin</code>:</p>
<figure class="highlight bash" data-lang="BASH"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="hljs"><code class="bash"><span class="line">1</span><br></code></pre></td><td class="code"><pre class="hljs cs"><code class="bash"><span class="line">go <span class="hljs-keyword">get</span> -u github.com/gin-gonic/gin</span><br></code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
<h1 id="第一个Gin示例:"><a href="#第一个Gin示例:" class="headerlink" title="第一个Gin示例:"></a>第一个Gin示例:</h1><pre><code class="language-golang">package main
import (
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)
func main() {
// 创建一个默认的路由引擎
r := gin.Default()
// GET:请求方式;/hello:请求的路径
// 当客户端以GET方法请求/hello路径时,会执行后面的匿名函数
r.GET("/hello", func(c *gin.Context) {
// c.JSON:返回JSON格式的数据
c.JSON(200, gin.H{
"message": "Hello world!",
})
})
// 启动HTTP服务,默认在0.0.0.0:8080启动服务
r.Run()
}
<figure class="highlight plain" data-lang="PLAIN"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="hljs"><code class="plain"><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span 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class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br><span class="line">65</span><br><span class="line">66</span><br><span class="line">67</span><br><span class="line">68</span><br><span class="line">69</span><br><span class="line">70</span><br><span class="line">71</span><br><span class="line">72</span><br><span class="line">73</span><br><span class="line">74</span><br><span class="line">75</span><br><span class="line">76</span><br><span class="line">77</span><br><span class="line">78</span><br><span class="line">79</span><br><span class="line">80</span><br><span class="line">81</span><br><span class="line">82</span><br><span class="line">83</span><br><span class="line">84</span><br><span class="line">85</span><br><span class="line">86</span><br><span class="line">87</span><br><span class="line">88</span><br><span class="line">89</span><br><span class="line">90</span><br><span class="line">91</span><br><span class="line">92</span><br><span class="line">93</span><br><span class="line">94</span><br><span class="line">95</span><br><span class="line">96</span><br><span class="line">97</span><br><span class="line">98</span><br><span class="line">99</span><br><span class="line">100</span><br><span class="line">101</span><br><span class="line">102</span><br><span class="line">103</span><br><span class="line">104</span><br><span class="line">105</span><br><span class="line">106</span><br><span class="line">107</span><br><span class="line">108</span><br><span class="line">109</span><br><span class="line">110</span><br><span class="line">111</span><br><span class="line">112</span><br><span class="line">113</span><br><span class="line">114</span><br><span class="line">115</span><br><span class="line">116</span><br><span class="line">117</span><br><span class="line">118</span><br><span class="line">119</span><br><span class="line">120</span><br><span class="line">121</span><br><span class="line">122</span><br><span class="line">123</span><br><span class="line">124</span><br><span class="line">125</span><br></code></pre></td><td class="code"><pre class="hljs xml"><code class="plain"><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span>将上面的代码保存并编译执行,然后使用浏览器打开<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">code</span>></span>127.0.0.1:8080/hello<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">code</span>></span>就能看到一串JSON字符串。<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># RESTful API</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span>REST与技术无关,代表的是一种软件架构风格,REST是Representational State Transfer的简称,中文翻译为“表征状态转移”或“表现层状态转化”。<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span>推荐阅读<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">a</span> <span class="hljs-attr">href</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"http://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2011/09/restful.html"</span>></span>阮一峰 理解RESTful架构<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">a</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span>简单来说,REST的含义就是客户端与Web服务器之间进行交互的时候,使用HTTP协议中的4个请求方法代表不同的动作。<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">ul</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">li</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">code</span>></span>GET<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">code</span>></span>用来获取资源<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">li</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">li</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">code</span>></span>POST<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">code</span>></span>用来新建资源<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">li</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">li</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">code</span>></span>PUT<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">code</span>></span>用来更新资源<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">li</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">li</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">code</span>></span>DELETE<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">code</span>></span>用来删除资源。<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">li</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">ul</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span>只要API程序遵循了REST风格,那就可以称其为RESTful API。目前在前后端分离的架构中,前后端基本都是通过RESTful API来进行交互。<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span>例如,我们现在要编写一个管理书籍的系统,我们可以查询对一本书进行查询、创建、更新和删除等操作,我们在编写程序的时候就要设计客户端浏览器与我们Web服务端交互的方式和路径。按照经验我们通常会设计成如下模式:<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">table</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">thead</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">tr</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">th</span>></span>请求方法<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">th</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">th</span>></span>URL<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">th</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">th</span>></span>含义<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">th</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">tr</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">thead</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">tbody</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">tr</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span>GET<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span>/book<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span>查询书籍信息<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">tr</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">tr</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span>POST<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span>/create_book<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span>创建书籍记录<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">tr</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">tr</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span>POST<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span>/update_book<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span>更新书籍信息<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">tr</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">tr</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span>POST<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span>/delete_book<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span>删除书籍信息<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">tr</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">tbody</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">table</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span>同样的需求我们按照RESTful API设计如下:<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">table</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">thead</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">tr</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">th</span>></span>请求方法<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">th</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">th</span>></span>URL<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">th</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">th</span>></span>含义<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">th</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">tr</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">thead</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">tbody</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">tr</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span>GET<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span>/book<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span>查询书籍信息<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">tr</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">tr</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span>POST<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span>/book<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span>创建书籍记录<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">tr</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">tr</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span>PUT<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span>/book<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span>更新书籍信息<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">tr</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">tr</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span>DELETE<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span>/book<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span>删除书籍信息<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">tr</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">tbody</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">table</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span>Gin框架支持开发RESTful API的开发。<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">```go</span><br><span class="line">func main() {</span><br><span class="line">r := gin.Default()</span><br><span class="line">r.GET("/book", func(c *gin.Context) {</span><br><span class="line">c.JSON(200, gin.H{</span><br><span class="line">"message": "GET",</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">r.POST("/book", func(c *gin.Context) {</span><br><span class="line">c.JSON(200, gin.H{</span><br><span class="line">"message": "POST",</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">r.PUT("/book", func(c *gin.Context) {</span><br><span class="line">c.JSON(200, gin.H{</span><br><span class="line">"message": "PUT",</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">r.DELETE("/book", func(c *gin.Context) {</span><br><span class="line">c.JSON(200, gin.H{</span><br><span class="line">"message": "DELETE",</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
<p>开发RESTful API的时候我们通常使用<a href="https://www.getpostman.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Postman</a>来作为客户端的测试工具。</p>
# Gin渲染
# HTML渲染
<p>我们首先定义一个存放模板文件的<code>templates</code>文件夹,然后在其内部按照业务分别定义一个<code>posts</code>文件夹和一个<code>users</code>文件夹。
<code>posts/index.html</code>文件的内容如下:</p>
<figure class="highlight html" data-lang="HTML"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="hljs"><code class="html"><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></code></pre></td><td class="code"><pre class="hljs perl"><code class="html"><span class="line"><span class="tag"><<span class="name">pre</span>></span><span class="tag"><<span class="name">code</span> <span class="attr">class</span>=<span class="string"><span class="hljs-string">"language-template"</span></span>></span>{{define <span class="symbol">&quot;</span>posts/index.html<span class="symbol">&quot;</span>}}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="symbol">&<span class="hljs-keyword">lt</span>;</span>!DOCTYPE html<span class="symbol">&<span class="hljs-keyword">gt</span>;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="symbol">&<span class="hljs-keyword">lt</span>;</span>html lang=<span class="symbol">&quot;</span>en<span class="symbol">&quot;</span><span class="symbol">&<span class="hljs-keyword">gt</span>;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="symbol">&<span class="hljs-keyword">lt</span>;</span>head<span class="symbol">&<span class="hljs-keyword">gt</span>;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="symbol">&<span class="hljs-keyword">lt</span>;</span>meta charset=<span class="symbol">&quot;</span>UTF-<span class="hljs-number">8</span><span class="symbol">&quot;</span><span class="symbol">&<span class="hljs-keyword">gt</span>;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="symbol">&<span class="hljs-keyword">lt</span>;</span>meta name=<span class="symbol">&quot;</span>viewport<span class="symbol">&quot;</span> content=<span class="symbol">&quot;</span>width=device-width, initial-scale=<span class="hljs-number">1.0</span><span class="symbol">&quot;</span><span class="symbol">&<span class="hljs-keyword">gt</span>;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="symbol">&<span class="hljs-keyword">lt</span>;</span>meta http-equiv=<span class="symbol">&quot;</span>X-UA-Compatible<span class="symbol">&quot;</span> content=<span class="symbol">&quot;</span>ie=edge<span class="symbol">&quot;</span><span class="symbol">&<span class="hljs-keyword">gt</span>;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="symbol">&<span class="hljs-keyword">lt</span>;</span>title<span class="symbol">&<span class="hljs-keyword">gt</span>;</span>posts/<span class="hljs-keyword">index</span><span class="symbol">&<span class="hljs-keyword">lt</span>;</span><span class="hljs-regexp">/title</span><span class="symbol"><span class="hljs-regexp">&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="symbol"><span class="hljs-regexp">&lt;</span></span><span class="hljs-regexp">/head</span><span class="symbol">&<span class="hljs-keyword">gt</span>;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="symbol">&<span class="hljs-keyword">lt</span>;</span>body<span class="symbol">&<span class="hljs-keyword">gt</span>;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> {{.title}}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="symbol">&<span class="hljs-keyword">lt</span>;</span><span class="hljs-regexp">/body</span><span class="symbol"><span class="hljs-regexp">&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="symbol"><span class="hljs-regexp">&lt;</span></span><span class="hljs-regexp">/html</span><span class="symbol">&<span class="hljs-keyword">gt</span>;</span></span><br><span class="line">{<span class="hljs-string">{end}</span>}</span><br></code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
<p><code>users/index.html</code>文件的内容如下:</p>
<figure class="highlight go" data-lang="GO"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="hljs"><code class="go"><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></code></pre></td><td class="code"><pre class="hljs perl"><code class="go"><span class="line"><pre><code class=<span class="string"><span class="hljs-string">"language-template"</span></span>>{{define &quot;users/index.html&quot;}}</span><br><span class="line">&<span class="hljs-keyword">lt</span>;!DOCTYPE html&<span class="hljs-keyword">gt</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&<span class="hljs-keyword">lt</span>;html lang=&quot;en&quot;&<span class="hljs-keyword">gt</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&<span class="hljs-keyword">lt</span>;head&<span class="hljs-keyword">gt</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> &<span class="hljs-keyword">lt</span>;meta charset=&quot;UTF<span class="number">-<span class="hljs-number">8</span></span>&quot;&<span class="hljs-keyword">gt</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> &<span class="hljs-keyword">lt</span>;meta name=&quot;viewport&quot; content=&quot;width=device-width, initial-scale=<span class="number"><span class="hljs-number">1.0</span></span>&quot;&<span class="hljs-keyword">gt</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> &<span class="hljs-keyword">lt</span>;meta http-equiv=&quot;X-UA-Compatible&quot; content=&quot;ie=edge&quot;&<span class="hljs-keyword">gt</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> &<span class="hljs-keyword">lt</span>;title&<span class="hljs-keyword">gt</span>;users/<span class="hljs-keyword">index</span>&<span class="hljs-keyword">lt</span>;<span class="hljs-regexp">/title&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">&lt;/head</span>&<span class="hljs-keyword">gt</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&<span class="hljs-keyword">lt</span>;body&<span class="hljs-keyword">gt</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> {{.title}}</span><br><span class="line">&<span class="hljs-keyword">lt</span>;<span class="hljs-regexp">/body&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">&lt;/html</span>&<span class="hljs-keyword">gt</span>;</span><br><span class="line">{<span class="hljs-string">{end}</span>}</span><br></code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
<p>Gin框架中使用<code>LoadHTMLGlob()</code>或者<code>LoadHTMLFiles()</code>方法进行HTML模板渲染。</p>
<figure class="highlight go" data-lang="GO"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="hljs"><code class="go"><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br></code></pre></td><td class="code"><pre class="hljs ruby"><code class="go"><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">r <span class="hljs-symbol">:</span>= gin.Default()</span><br><span class="line">r.LoadHTMLGlob(&quot;templates<span class="comment">/**<span class="hljs-regexp">/</span></span><span class="hljs-regexp">*&quot;)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp"></span><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">/</span><span class="hljs-regexp">/r.LoadHTMLFiles(&quot;templates/posts</span><span class="hljs-regexp">/index.html&quot;, &quot;templates/users</span><span class="hljs-regexp">/index.html&quot;)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">r.GET(&quot;/posts</span><span class="hljs-regexp">/index&quot;, </span><span class="function"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">func</span></span><span class="params"><span class="hljs-regexp">(c *gin.Context)</span></span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> {</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">c.HTML(http.StatusOK, &quot;posts/index</span>.html&quot;, gin.H{</span><br><span class="line">&quot;title&quot;: &quot;posts/index&quot;,</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">r.GET(&quot;users/index&quot;, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span><span class="params">(c *gin.Context)</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">c.HTML(http.StatusOK, &quot;users/index.html&quot;, gin.H{</span><br><span class="line">&quot;title&quot;: &quot;users/index&quot;,</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">r.Run(&quot;<span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="number"><span class="hljs-number">8080</span></span>&quot;)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
# 静态文件处理
<p>当我们渲染的HTML文件中引用了静态文件时,我们只需要按照以下方式在渲染页面前调用<code>gin.Static</code>方法即可。</p>
<figure class="highlight go" data-lang="GO"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="hljs"><code class="go"><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></code></pre></td><td class="code"><pre class="hljs css"><code class="go"><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-selector-tag">func</span></span> <span class="title"><span class="hljs-selector-tag">main</span></span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-attribute">r </span>:= gin.<span class="hljs-built_in">Default</span>()</span><br><span class="line">r.<span class="hljs-built_in">Static</span>(&quot;/static&quot;, &quot;./static&quot;)</span><br><span class="line">r.<span class="hljs-built_in">LoadHTMLGlob</span>(&quot;templates<span class="comment">/**/</span>*&quot;)</span><br><span class="line"> ...</span><br><span class="line">r.<span class="hljs-built_in">Run</span>(&quot;:<span class="number">8080</span>&quot;)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
# 补充文件路径处理
<p>关于模板文件和静态文件的路径,我们需要根据公司/项目的要求进行设置。可以使用下面的函数获取当前执行程序的路径。</p>
<figure class="highlight go" data-lang="GO"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="hljs"><code class="go"><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></code></pre></td><td class="code"><pre class="hljs cpp"><code class="go"><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-function">func</span></span><span class="hljs-function"> </span><span class="title"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-title">getCurrentPath</span></span></span><span class="params"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-params">()</span></span></span><span class="hljs-function"> </span><span class="title"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-built_in">string</span></span></span></span><span class="hljs-function"> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">if</span></span> ex, err := os.Executable(); err == <span class="literal">nil</span> {</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">return</span></span> filepath.Dir(ex)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">return</span></span> &quot;./&quot;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
# JSON渲染
<figure class="highlight go" data-lang="GO"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="hljs"><code class="go"><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br></code></pre></td><td class="code"><pre class="hljs coffeescript"><code class="go"><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">r := gin.Default()</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">//</span> gin.H 是map[string]interface{}的缩写</span></span><br><span class="line">r.GET(&quot;<span class="hljs-regexp">/someJSON&quot;, </span><span class="function"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">func</span></span><span class="params"><span class="hljs-regexp">(c *gin.Context)</span></span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> {</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp"></span><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">/</span>/ 方式一:自己拼接JSON</span></span><br><span class="line">c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{&quot;message&quot;: &quot;Hello world!&quot;})</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br><span class="line">r.GET(&quot;<span class="hljs-regexp">/moreJSON&quot;, </span><span class="function"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">func</span></span><span class="params"><span class="hljs-regexp">(c *gin.Context)</span></span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> {</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp"></span><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">/</span>/ 方法二:使用结构体</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> msg <span class="keyword">struct</span> {</span><br><span class="line">Name <span class="keyword">string</span> <span class="string">`<span class="javascript">json:&quot;user&quot;</span>`</span></span><br><span class="line">Message <span class="keyword">string</span></span><br><span class="line">Age <span class="keyword">int</span></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">msg.Name = &quot;小王子&quot;</span><br><span class="line">msg.Message = &quot;Hello world!&quot;</span><br><span class="line">msg.Age = <span class="number"><span class="hljs-number">18</span></span></span><br><span class="line">c.JSON(http.StatusOK, msg)</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br><span class="line">r.Run(&quot;:<span class="number"><span class="hljs-number">8080</span></span>&quot;)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
# XML渲染
<p>注意需要使用具名的结构体类型。</p>
<figure class="highlight go" data-lang="GO"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="hljs"><code class="go"><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br></code></pre></td><td class="code"><pre class="hljs ruby"><code class="go"><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">r <span class="hljs-symbol">:</span>= gin.Default()</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/<span class="hljs-regexp">/ gin.H 是map[string]interface{}的缩写</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">r.GET(&quot;/some</span>XML&quot;, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span><span class="params">(c *gin.Context)</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">//</span> 方式一:自己拼接JSON</span></span><br><span class="line">c.XML(http.StatusOK, gin.H{&quot;message&quot;: &quot;Hello world!&quot;})</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br><span class="line">r.GET(&quot;<span class="hljs-regexp">/moreXML&quot;, </span><span class="function"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">func</span></span><span class="params"><span class="hljs-regexp">(c *gin.Context)</span></span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> {</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp"></span><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">/</span><span class="hljs-regexp">/ 方法二:使用结构体</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp"></span><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">type</span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> MessageRecord </span><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">struct</span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> {</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">Name </span><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">string</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">Message </span><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">string</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">Age </span><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">int</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">}</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp"></span><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">var</span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> msg MessageRecord</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">msg.Name = &quot;小王子&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">msg.Message = &quot;Hello world!&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">msg.Age = </span><span class="number"><span class="hljs-regexp">18</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">c.XML(http.StatusOK, msg)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">})</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">r.Run(&quot;:</span><span class="number"><span class="hljs-regexp">8080</span></span><span class="hljs-regexp">&quot;)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">}</span></span><br></code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
# YMAL渲染
<figure class="highlight go" data-lang="GO"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="hljs"><code class="go"><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></code></pre></td><td class="code"><pre class="hljs"><code class="go"><span class="line">r.GET(&quot;/someYAML&quot;, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span><span class="params">(c *gin.Context)</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">c.YAML(http.StatusOK, gin.H{&quot;message&quot;: &quot;ok&quot;, &quot;status&quot;: http.StatusOK})</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br></code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
# protobuf渲染
<figure class="highlight go" data-lang="GO"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="hljs"><code class="go"><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></code></pre></td><td class="code"><pre class="hljs javascript"><code class="go"><span class="line">r.GET(&quot;<span class="hljs-regexp">/someProtoBuf&quot;, </span><span class="function"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">func</span></span><span class="params"><span class="hljs-regexp">(c *gin.Context)</span></span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> {</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">reps := []</span><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">int64</span></span><span class="hljs-regexp">{</span><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">int64</span></span><span class="hljs-regexp">(</span><span class="number"><span class="hljs-regexp">1</span></span><span class="hljs-regexp">), </span><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">int64</span></span><span class="hljs-regexp">(</span><span class="number"><span class="hljs-regexp">2</span></span><span class="hljs-regexp">)}</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">label := &quot;test&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp"></span><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">/</span><span class="hljs-regexp">/ protobuf 的具体定义写在 testdata/</span>protoexample 文件中。</span></span><br><span class="line">data := &amp;protoexample.Test{</span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-attr">Label</span>: &amp;label,</span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-attr">Reps</span>: reps,</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-comment">// 请注意,数据在响应中变为二进制数据</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment"></span><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-comment">// 将输出被 protoexample.Test protobuf 序列化了的数据</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">c.ProtoBuf(http.StatusOK, data)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">})</span></span><br></code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
# 获取参数
# 获取querystring参数
<p><code>querystring</code>指的是URL中<code>?</code>后面携带的参数,例如:<code>/user/search?username=小王子&address=沙河</code>。
获取请求的querystring参数的方法如下:</p>
<figure class="highlight go" data-lang="GO"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="hljs"><code class="go"><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></code></pre></td><td class="code"><pre class="hljs ruby"><code class="go"><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">//</span>Default返回一个默认的路由引擎</span></span><br><span class="line">r <span class="hljs-symbol">:</span>= gin.Default()</span><br><span class="line">r.GET(&quot;<span class="hljs-regexp">/user/search</span>&quot;, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span><span class="params">(c *gin.Context)</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">username <span class="hljs-symbol">:</span>= c.DefaultQuery(&quot;username&quot;, &quot;小王子&quot;)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/<span class="hljs-regexp">/username := c.Query(&quot;username&quot;)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">address := c.Query(&quot;address&quot;)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp"></span><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">/</span><span class="hljs-regexp">/输出json结果给调用方</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">&quot;message&quot;: &quot;ok&quot;,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">&quot;username&quot;: username,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">&quot;address&quot;: address,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">})</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">})</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">r.Run()</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">}</span></span><br></code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
# 获取form参数
<p>请求的数据通过form表单来提交,例如向<code>/user/search</code>发送一个POST请求,获取请求数据的方式如下:</p>
<figure class="highlight go" data-lang="GO"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="hljs"><code class="go"><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></code></pre></td><td class="code"><pre class="hljs ruby"><code class="go"><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">//</span>Default返回一个默认的路由引擎</span></span><br><span class="line">r <span class="hljs-symbol">:</span>= gin.Default()</span><br><span class="line">r.POST(&quot;<span class="hljs-regexp">/user/search</span>&quot;, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span><span class="params">(c *gin.Context)</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">//</span> DefaultPostForm取不到值时会返回指定的默认值</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/<span class="hljs-regexp">/username := c.DefaultPostForm(&quot;username&quot;, &quot;小王子&quot;)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">username := c.PostForm(&quot;username&quot;)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">address := c.PostForm(&quot;address&quot;)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp"></span><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">/</span><span class="hljs-regexp">/输出json结果给调用方</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">&quot;message&quot;: &quot;ok&quot;,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">&quot;username&quot;: username,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">&quot;address&quot;: address,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">})</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">})</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">r.Run(&quot;:</span><span class="number"><span class="hljs-regexp">8080</span></span><span class="hljs-regexp">&quot;)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">}</span></span><br></code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
# 获取path参数
<p>请求的参数通过URL路径传递,例如:<code>/user/search/小王子/沙河</code>。
获取请求URL路径中的参数的方式如下。</p>
<figure class="highlight go" data-lang="GO"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="hljs"><code class="go"><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></code></pre></td><td class="code"><pre class="hljs ruby"><code class="go"><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">//</span>Default返回一个默认的路由引擎</span></span><br><span class="line">r <span class="hljs-symbol">:</span>= gin.Default()</span><br><span class="line">r.GET(&quot;<span class="hljs-regexp">/user/search</span><span class="hljs-regexp">/:username/</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:address&quot</span>;, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span><span class="params">(c *gin.Context)</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">username <span class="hljs-symbol">:</span>= c.Param(&quot;username&quot;)</span><br><span class="line">address <span class="hljs-symbol">:</span>= c.Param(&quot;address&quot;)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/<span class="hljs-regexp">/输出json结果给调用方</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">&quot;message&quot;: &quot;ok&quot;,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">&quot;username&quot;: username,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">&quot;address&quot;: address,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">})</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">})</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">r.Run(&quot;:</span><span class="number"><span class="hljs-regexp">8080</span></span><span class="hljs-regexp">&quot;)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">}</span></span><br></code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
# 参数绑定
<p>为了能够更方便的获取请求相关参数,提高开发效率,我们可以基于请求的<code>content-type</code>识别请求数据类型并利用反射机制自动提取请求中<code>querystring</code>、form表单、JSON、XML等参数到结构体中。</p>
<figure class="highlight go" data-lang="GO"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="hljs"><code class="go"><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br></code></pre></td><td class="code"><pre class="hljs coffeescript"><code class="go"><span class="line"><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">//</span> Binding <span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> JSON</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">type</span> Login <span class="keyword">struct</span> {</span><br><span class="line">User <span class="keyword">string</span> <span class="string">`<span class="javascript">form:&quot;user&quot; json:&quot;user&quot; binding:&quot;required&quot;</span>`</span></span><br><span class="line">Password <span class="keyword">string</span> <span class="string">`<span class="javascript">form:&quot;password&quot; json:&quot;password&quot; binding:&quot;required&quot;</span>`</span></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">router := gin.Default()</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">//</span> 绑定JSON的示例 ({&quot;user&quot;: &quot;q1mi&quot;, &quot;password&quot;: &quot;<span class="hljs-number">123456</span>&quot;})</span></span><br><span class="line">router.POST(&quot;<span class="hljs-regexp">/loginJSON&quot;, </span><span class="function"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">func</span></span><span class="params"><span class="hljs-regexp">(c *gin.Context)</span></span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> {</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp"></span><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">var</span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> login Login</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp"></span><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">if</span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&amp;login); err == </span><span class="literal"><span class="hljs-regexp">nil</span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> {</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">fmt.Printf(&quot;login info:%#v\n&quot;, login)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">&quot;user&quot;: login.User,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">&quot;password&quot;: login.Password,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">})</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">} </span><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">else</span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> {</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{&quot;error&quot;: err.Error()})</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">}</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">})</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp"></span><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">/</span>/ 绑定form表单示例 (user=q1mi&amp;password=<span class="hljs-number">123456</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line">router.POST(&quot;<span class="hljs-regexp">/loginForm&quot;, </span><span class="function"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">func</span></span><span class="params"><span class="hljs-regexp">(c *gin.Context)</span></span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> {</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp"></span><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">var</span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> login Login</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp"></span><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">/</span>/ ShouldBind()会根据请求的Content-Type自行选择绑定器</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">if</span></span> err := c.ShouldBind(&amp;login); err == <span class="literal">nil</span> {</span><br><span class="line">c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{</span><br><span class="line">&quot;user&quot;: login.User,</span><br><span class="line">&quot;password&quot;: login.Password,</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br><span class="line">} <span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">else</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{&quot;error&quot;: err.Error()})</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">//</span> 绑定querystring示例 (user=q1mi&amp;password=<span class="hljs-number">123456</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line">router.GET(&quot;<span class="hljs-regexp">/loginForm&quot;, </span><span class="function"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">func</span></span><span class="params"><span class="hljs-regexp">(c *gin.Context)</span></span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> {</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp"></span><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">var</span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> login Login</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp"></span><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">/</span>/ ShouldBind()会根据请求的Content-Type自行选择绑定器</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">if</span></span> err := c.ShouldBind(&amp;login); err == <span class="literal">nil</span> {</span><br><span class="line">c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{</span><br><span class="line">&quot;user&quot;: login.User,</span><br><span class="line">&quot;password&quot;: login.Password,</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br><span class="line">} <span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">else</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{&quot;error&quot;: err.Error()})</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">//</span> Listen <span class="hljs-keyword">and</span> serve <span class="hljs-literal">on</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.0</span><span class="hljs-number">.0</span><span class="hljs-number">.0</span>:<span class="hljs-number">8080</span></span></span><br><span class="line">router.Run(&quot;:<span class="number"><span class="hljs-number">8080</span></span>&quot;)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
# 文件上传
# 单个文件上传
<figure class="highlight go" data-lang="GO"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="hljs"><code class="go"><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br></code></pre></td><td class="code"><pre class="hljs ruby"><code class="go"><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">router <span class="hljs-symbol">:</span>= gin.Default()</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/<span class="hljs-regexp">/ 处理multipart forms提交文件时默认的内存限制是32 MiB</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp"></span><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">/</span><span class="hljs-regexp">/ 可以通过下面的方式修改</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp"></span><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">/</span><span class="hljs-regexp">/ router.MaxMultipartMemory = 8 &lt;&lt; 20 /</span><span class="hljs-regexp">/ 8 MiB</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">router.POST(&quot;/upload</span>&quot;, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span><span class="params">(c *gin.Context)</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">//</span> 单个文件</span></span><br><span class="line">file, err <span class="hljs-symbol">:</span>= c.FormFile(&quot;file&quot;)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">if</span></span> err != <span class="literal"><span class="hljs-literal">nil</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{</span><br><span class="line">&quot;message&quot;: err.Error(),</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">return</span></span></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">log.Println(file.Filename)</span><br><span class="line">dst <span class="hljs-symbol">:</span>= fmt.Sprintf(&quot;<span class="hljs-symbol">C:</span>/tmp/%s&quot;, file.Filename)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/<span class="hljs-regexp">/ 上传文件到指定的目录</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">c.SaveUploadedFile(file, dst)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">&quot;message&quot;: fmt.Sprintf(&quot;</span><span class="string"><span class="hljs-regexp">'%s'</span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> uploaded!&quot;, file.Filename),</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">})</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">})</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">router.Run()</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">}</span></span><br></code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
# 多个文件上传
<figure class="highlight go" data-lang="GO"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="hljs"><code class="go"><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br></code></pre></td><td class="code"><pre class="hljs ruby"><code class="go"><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">router <span class="hljs-symbol">:</span>= gin.Default()</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/<span class="hljs-regexp">/ 处理multipart forms提交文件时默认的内存限制是32 MiB</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp"></span><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">/</span><span class="hljs-regexp">/ 可以通过下面的方式修改</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp"></span><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">/</span><span class="hljs-regexp">/ router.MaxMultipartMemory = 8 &lt;&lt; 20 /</span><span class="hljs-regexp">/ 8 MiB</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">router.POST(&quot;/upload</span>&quot;, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span><span class="params">(c *gin.Context)</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">//</span> Multipart form</span></span><br><span class="line">form, <span class="hljs-number">_</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">:</span>= c.MultipartForm()</span><br><span class="line">files <span class="hljs-symbol">:</span>= form.File[&quot;file&quot;]</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">for</span></span> index, file <span class="hljs-symbol">:</span>= <span class="keyword">range</span> files {</span><br><span class="line">log.Println(file.Filename)</span><br><span class="line">dst <span class="hljs-symbol">:</span>= fmt.Sprintf(&quot;<span class="hljs-symbol">C:</span>/tmp/%s<span class="hljs-number">_</span>%d&quot;, file.Filename, index)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/<span class="hljs-regexp">/ 上传文件到指定的目录</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">c.SaveUploadedFile(file, dst)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">}</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">&quot;message&quot;: fmt.Sprintf(&quot;%d files uploaded!&quot;, </span><span class="built_in"><span class="hljs-regexp">len</span></span><span class="hljs-regexp">(files)),</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">})</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">})</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">router.Run()</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">}</span></span><br></code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
# Gin中间件
<p>Gin框架允许开发者在处理请求的过程中,加入用户自己的钩子(Hook)函数。这个钩子函数就叫中间件,中间件适合处理一些公共的业务逻辑,比如登录校验、日志打印、耗时统计等。</p>
<p>Gin中的中间件必须是一个<code>gin.HandlerFunc</code>类型。例如我们像下面的代码一样定义一个中间件。</p>
<figure class="highlight go" data-lang="GO"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="hljs"><code class="go"><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></code></pre></td><td class="code"><pre class="hljs ruby"><code class="go"><span class="line"><span class="comment">/<span class="hljs-regexp">/ StatCost 是一个统计耗时请求耗时的中间件</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">func</span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> </span><span class="title"><span class="hljs-regexp">StatCost</span></span><span class="params"><span class="hljs-regexp">()</span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> </span><span class="title"><span class="hljs-regexp">gin</span></span><span class="hljs-regexp">.</span><span class="title"><span class="hljs-regexp">HandlerFunc</span></span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> {</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp"></span><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">return</span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> </span><span class="function"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">func</span></span><span class="params"><span class="hljs-regexp">(c *gin.Context)</span></span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> {</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">start := time.Now()</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">c.Set(&quot;name&quot;, &quot;小王子&quot;)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp"></span><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">/</span><span class="hljs-regexp">/ 执行其他中间件</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">c.Next()</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp"></span><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">/</span><span class="hljs-regexp">/ 计算耗时</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">cost := time.Since(start)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">log.Println(cost)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">}</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">}</span></span><br></code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
<p>然后注册中间件的时候,可以在全局注册。</p>
<figure class="highlight go" data-lang="GO"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="hljs"><code class="go"><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></code></pre></td><td class="code"><pre class="hljs cpp"><code class="go"><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-function">func</span></span><span class="hljs-function"> </span><span class="title"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-title">main</span></span></span><span class="params"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-params">()</span></span></span></span><span class="hljs-function"> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-comment">// 新建一个没有任何默认中间件的路由</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">r := gin.New()</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment"></span><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-comment">// 注册一个全局中间件</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">r.Use(StatCost())</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">r.GET(&quot;/test&quot;, </span><span class="function"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-comment">func</span></span><span class="params"><span class="hljs-comment">(c *gin.Context)</span></span></span><span class="hljs-comment"> {</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">name := c.MustGet(&quot;name&quot;).(</span><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-comment">string</span></span><span class="hljs-comment">)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">log.Println(name)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">&quot;message&quot;: &quot;Hello world!&quot;,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">})</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">})</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">r.Run()</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">}</span></span><br></code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
<p>也可以给某个路由单独注册中间件。</p>
<figure class="highlight go" data-lang="GO"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="hljs"><code class="go"><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></code></pre></td><td class="code"><pre class="hljs cpp"><code class="go"><span class="line"><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-comment">// 给/test2路由单独注册中间件(可注册多个)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">r.GET(&quot;/test2&quot;, StatCost(), </span><span class="function"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-comment">func</span></span><span class="params"><span class="hljs-comment">(c *gin.Context)</span></span></span><span class="hljs-comment"> {</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">name := c.MustGet(&quot;name&quot;).(</span><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-comment">string</span></span><span class="hljs-comment">)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">log.Println(name)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">&quot;message&quot;: &quot;Hello world!&quot;,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">})</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">})</span></span><br></code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
# 重定向
# HTTP重定向
<p>HTTP 重定向很容易。 内部、外部重定向均支持。</p>
<figure class="highlight go" data-lang="GO"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="hljs"><code class="go"><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></code></pre></td><td class="code"><pre class="hljs coffeescript"><code class="go"><span class="line">r.GET(&quot;<span class="hljs-regexp">/test&quot;, </span><span class="function"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">func</span></span><span class="params"><span class="hljs-regexp">(c *gin.Context)</span></span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> {</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">c.Redirect(http.StatusMovedPermanently, &quot;http:</span><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">/</span><span class="hljs-regexp">/www.google.com/</span>&quot;)</span></span><br><span class="line">})</span><br></code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
# 路由重定向
<p>路由重定向,使用<code>HandleContext</code>:</p>
<figure class="highlight go" data-lang="GO"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="hljs"><code class="go"><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></code></pre></td><td class="code"><pre class="hljs javascript"><code class="go"><span class="line">r.GET(&quot;<span class="hljs-regexp">/test&quot;, </span><span class="function"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">func</span></span><span class="params"><span class="hljs-regexp">(c *gin.Context)</span></span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> {</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp"> </span><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">/</span><span class="hljs-regexp">/ 指定重定向的URL</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp"> c.Request.URL.Path = &quot;/</span>test2&quot;</span><br><span class="line"> r.HandleContext(c)</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br><span class="line">r.GET(&quot;<span class="hljs-regexp">/test2&quot;, </span><span class="function"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">func</span></span><span class="params"><span class="hljs-regexp">(c *gin.Context)</span></span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> {</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp"> c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{&quot;hello&quot;: &quot;world&quot;})</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">})</span></span><br></code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
# Gin路由
# 普通路由
<figure class="highlight go" data-lang="GO"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="hljs"><code class="go"><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></code></pre></td><td class="code"><pre class="hljs javascript"><code class="go"><span class="line">r.GET(&quot;<span class="hljs-regexp">/index&quot;, </span><span class="function"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">func</span></span><span class="params"><span class="hljs-regexp">(c *gin.Context)</span></span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> {...})</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">r.GET(&quot;/</span>login&quot;, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span><span class="params">(c *gin.Context)</span></span> {...})</span><br><span class="line">r.POST(&quot;<span class="hljs-regexp">/login&quot;, </span><span class="function"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">func</span></span><span class="params"><span class="hljs-regexp">(c *gin.Context)</span></span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> {...})</span></span><br></code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
<p>此外,还有一个可以匹配所有请求方法的<code>Any</code>方法如下:</p>
<figure class="highlight go" data-lang="GO"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="hljs"><code class="go"><span class="line">1</span><br></code></pre></td><td class="code"><pre class="hljs bash"><code class="go"><span class="line">r.Any(&quot;/<span class="hljs-built_in">test</span>&quot;, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span><span class="params">(c *gin.Context)</span></span> {...})</span><br></code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
<p>为没有配置处理函数的路由添加处理程序。默认情况下它返回404代码。</p>
<figure class="highlight go" data-lang="GO"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="hljs"><code class="go"><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></code></pre></td><td class="code"><pre class="hljs objectivec"><code class="go"><span class="line">r.NoRoute(<span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span><span class="params">(c *gin.Context)</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">c.HTML(http.StatusNotFound, &quot;views/<span class="number"><span class="hljs-number">404.</span></span>html&quot;, <span class="literal"><span class="hljs-literal">nil</span></span>)</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br></code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
# 路由组
<p>我们可以将拥有共同URL前缀的路由划分为一个路由组。</p>
<figure class="highlight go" data-lang="GO"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="hljs"><code class="go"><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></code></pre></td><td class="code"><pre class="hljs javascript"><code class="go"><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-attr">r</span> := gin.Default()</span><br><span class="line">userGroup := r.Group(&quot;<span class="hljs-regexp">/user&quot;)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">{</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">userGroup.GET(&quot;/i</span>ndex&quot;, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span><span class="params">(c *gin.Context)</span></span> {...})</span><br><span class="line">userGroup.GET(&quot;<span class="hljs-regexp">/login&quot;, </span><span class="function"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">func</span></span><span class="params"><span class="hljs-regexp">(c *gin.Context)</span></span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> {...})</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">userGroup.POST(&quot;/</span>login&quot;, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span><span class="params">(c *gin.Context)</span></span> {...})</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">shopGroup := r.Group(&quot;<span class="hljs-regexp">/shop&quot;)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">{</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">shopGroup.GET(&quot;/i</span>ndex&quot;, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span><span class="params">(c *gin.Context)</span></span> {...})</span><br><span class="line">shopGroup.GET(&quot;<span class="hljs-regexp">/cart&quot;, </span><span class="function"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">func</span></span><span class="params"><span class="hljs-regexp">(c *gin.Context)</span></span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> {...})</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">shopGroup.POST(&quot;/</span>checkout&quot;, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span><span class="params">(c *gin.Context)</span></span> {...})</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">r.Run()</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
<p>通常我们将路由分组用在划分业务逻辑或划分API版本时。</p>
# 路由原理
<p>Gin框架中的路由使用的是<a href="https://github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter" target="_blank" rel="noopener">httprouter</a>这个库。</p>
<p>其基本原理就是构造一个路由地址的前缀树。</p></code></pre></section><code class="language-golang">
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<article class="post-article"> <section class="markdown-content"><p><code>Gin</code>是一个用Go语言编写的web框架。它是一个类似于<code>martini</code>但拥有更好性能的API框架, 由于使用了<code>httprouter</code>,速度提高了近40倍。 如果你是性能和高效的追求者, 你会爱上<code>Gin</code>。</p>
<h1 id="Gin框架介绍"><a href="#Gin框架介绍" class="headerlink" title="Gin框架介绍"></a>Gin框架介绍</h1><p>Go世界里最流行的Web框架,<a href="https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Github</a>上有<code>24K+</code>star。基于<a href="https://github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter" target="_blank" rel="noopener">httprouter</a>开发的Web框架。<a href="https://gin-gonic.com/zh-cn/docs/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">中文文档</a>齐全,简单易用的轻量级框架。</p>
<h1 id="Gin框架安装与使用"><a href="#Gin框架安装与使用" class="headerlink" title="Gin框架安装与使用"></a>Gin框架安装与使用</h1><h1 id="安装"><a href="#安装" class="headerlink" title="安装"></a>安装</h1><p>下载并安装<code>Gin</code>:</p>
<figure class="highlight bash" data-lang="BASH"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="hljs"><code class="bash"><span class="line">1</span><br></code></pre></td><td class="code"><pre class="hljs cs"><code class="bash"><span class="line">go <span class="hljs-keyword">get</span> -u github.com/gin-gonic/gin</span><br></code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
<h1 id="第一个Gin示例:"><a href="#第一个Gin示例:" class="headerlink" title="第一个Gin示例:"></a>第一个Gin示例:</h1><pre><code class="language-golang">package mainimport ( "github.com/gin-gonic/gin")
func main() { // 创建一个默认的路由引擎 r := gin.Default() // GET:请求方式;/hello:请求的路径 // 当客户端以GET方法请求/hello路径时,会执行后面的匿名函数 r.GET("/hello", func(c *gin.Context) { // c.JSON:返回JSON格式的数据 c.JSON(200, gin.H{ "message": "Hello world!", }) }) // 启动HTTP服务,默认在0.0.0.0:8080启动服务 r.Run()}
<figure class="highlight plain" data-lang="PLAIN"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="hljs"><code class="plain"><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br><span class="line">65</span><br><span class="line">66</span><br><span class="line">67</span><br><span class="line">68</span><br><span class="line">69</span><br><span class="line">70</span><br><span class="line">71</span><br><span class="line">72</span><br><span class="line">73</span><br><span class="line">74</span><br><span class="line">75</span><br><span class="line">76</span><br><span class="line">77</span><br><span class="line">78</span><br><span class="line">79</span><br><span class="line">80</span><br><span class="line">81</span><br><span class="line">82</span><br><span class="line">83</span><br><span class="line">84</span><br><span class="line">85</span><br><span class="line">86</span><br><span class="line">87</span><br><span class="line">88</span><br><span class="line">89</span><br><span class="line">90</span><br><span class="line">91</span><br><span class="line">92</span><br><span class="line">93</span><br><span class="line">94</span><br><span class="line">95</span><br><span class="line">96</span><br><span class="line">97</span><br><span class="line">98</span><br><span class="line">99</span><br><span class="line">100</span><br><span class="line">101</span><br><span class="line">102</span><br><span class="line">103</span><br><span class="line">104</span><br><span class="line">105</span><br><span class="line">106</span><br><span class="line">107</span><br><span class="line">108</span><br><span class="line">109</span><br><span class="line">110</span><br><span class="line">111</span><br><span class="line">112</span><br><span class="line">113</span><br><span class="line">114</span><br><span class="line">115</span><br><span class="line">116</span><br><span class="line">117</span><br><span class="line">118</span><br><span class="line">119</span><br><span class="line">120</span><br><span class="line">121</span><br><span class="line">122</span><br><span class="line">123</span><br><span class="line">124</span><br><span class="line">125</span><br></code></pre></td><td class="code"><pre class="hljs xml"><code class="plain"><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span>将上面的代码保存并编译执行,然后使用浏览器打开<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">code</span>></span>127.0.0.1:8080/hello<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">code</span>></span>就能看到一串JSON字符串。<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># RESTful API</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span>REST与技术无关,代表的是一种软件架构风格,REST是Representational State Transfer的简称,中文翻译为“表征状态转移”或“表现层状态转化”。<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span>推荐阅读<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">a</span> <span class="hljs-attr">href</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"http://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2011/09/restful.html"</span>></span>阮一峰 理解RESTful架构<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">a</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span>简单来说,REST的含义就是客户端与Web服务器之间进行交互的时候,使用HTTP协议中的4个请求方法代表不同的动作。<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">ul</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">li</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">code</span>></span>GET<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">code</span>></span>用来获取资源<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">li</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">li</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">code</span>></span>POST<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">code</span>></span>用来新建资源<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">li</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">li</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">code</span>></span>PUT<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">code</span>></span>用来更新资源<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">li</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">li</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">code</span>></span>DELETE<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">code</span>></span>用来删除资源。<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">li</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">ul</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span>只要API程序遵循了REST风格,那就可以称其为RESTful API。目前在前后端分离的架构中,前后端基本都是通过RESTful API来进行交互。<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span>例如,我们现在要编写一个管理书籍的系统,我们可以查询对一本书进行查询、创建、更新和删除等操作,我们在编写程序的时候就要设计客户端浏览器与我们Web服务端交互的方式和路径。按照经验我们通常会设计成如下模式:<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">table</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">thead</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">tr</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">th</span>></span>请求方法<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">th</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">th</span>></span>URL<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">th</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">th</span>></span>含义<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">th</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">tr</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">thead</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">tbody</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">tr</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span>GET<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span>/book<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span>查询书籍信息<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">tr</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">tr</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span>POST<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span>/create_book<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span>创建书籍记录<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">tr</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">tr</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span>POST<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span>/update_book<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span>更新书籍信息<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">tr</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">tr</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span>POST<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span>/delete_book<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span>删除书籍信息<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">tr</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">tbody</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">table</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span>同样的需求我们按照RESTful API设计如下:<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">table</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">thead</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">tr</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">th</span>></span>请求方法<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">th</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">th</span>></span>URL<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">th</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">th</span>></span>含义<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">th</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">tr</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">thead</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">tbody</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">tr</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span>GET<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span>/book<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span>查询书籍信息<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">tr</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">tr</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span>POST<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span>/book<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span>创建书籍记录<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">tr</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">tr</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span>PUT<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span>/book<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span>更新书籍信息<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">tr</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">tr</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span>DELETE<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span>/book<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span>删除书籍信息<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">td</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">tr</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">tbody</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">table</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span>Gin框架支持开发RESTful API的开发。<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">```go</span><br><span class="line">func main() {</span><br><span class="line">r := gin.Default()</span><br><span class="line">r.GET("/book", func(c *gin.Context) {</span><br><span class="line">c.JSON(200, gin.H{</span><br><span class="line">"message": "GET",</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">r.POST("/book", func(c *gin.Context) {</span><br><span class="line">c.JSON(200, gin.H{</span><br><span class="line">"message": "POST",</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">r.PUT("/book", func(c *gin.Context) {</span><br><span class="line">c.JSON(200, gin.H{</span><br><span class="line">"message": "PUT",</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">r.DELETE("/book", func(c *gin.Context) {</span><br><span class="line">c.JSON(200, gin.H{</span><br><span class="line">"message": "DELETE",</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
<p>开发RESTful API的时候我们通常使用<a href="https://www.getpostman.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Postman</a>来作为客户端的测试工具。</p>
# Gin渲染
# HTML渲染
<p>我们首先定义一个存放模板文件的<code>templates</code>文件夹,然后在其内部按照业务分别定义一个<code>posts</code>文件夹和一个<code>users</code>文件夹。<code>posts/index.html</code>文件的内容如下:</p><figure class="highlight html" data-lang="HTML"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="hljs"><code class="html"><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></code></pre></td><td class="code"><pre class="hljs perl"><code class="html"><span class="line"><span class="tag"><<span class="name">pre</span>></span><span class="tag"><<span class="name">code</span> <span class="attr">class</span>=<span class="string"><span class="hljs-string">"language-template"</span></span>></span>{{define <span class="symbol">&quot;</span>posts/index.html<span class="symbol">&quot;</span>}}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="symbol">&<span class="hljs-keyword">lt</span>;</span>!DOCTYPE html<span class="symbol">&<span class="hljs-keyword">gt</span>;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="symbol">&<span class="hljs-keyword">lt</span>;</span>html lang=<span class="symbol">&quot;</span>en<span class="symbol">&quot;</span><span class="symbol">&<span class="hljs-keyword">gt</span>;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="symbol">&<span class="hljs-keyword">lt</span>;</span>head<span class="symbol">&<span class="hljs-keyword">gt</span>;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="symbol">&<span class="hljs-keyword">lt</span>;</span>meta charset=<span class="symbol">&quot;</span>UTF-<span class="hljs-number">8</span><span class="symbol">&quot;</span><span class="symbol">&<span class="hljs-keyword">gt</span>;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="symbol">&<span class="hljs-keyword">lt</span>;</span>meta name=<span class="symbol">&quot;</span>viewport<span class="symbol">&quot;</span> content=<span class="symbol">&quot;</span>width=device-width, initial-scale=<span class="hljs-number">1.0</span><span class="symbol">&quot;</span><span class="symbol">&<span class="hljs-keyword">gt</span>;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="symbol">&<span class="hljs-keyword">lt</span>;</span>meta http-equiv=<span class="symbol">&quot;</span>X-UA-Compatible<span class="symbol">&quot;</span> content=<span class="symbol">&quot;</span>ie=edge<span class="symbol">&quot;</span><span class="symbol">&<span class="hljs-keyword">gt</span>;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="symbol">&<span class="hljs-keyword">lt</span>;</span>title<span class="symbol">&<span class="hljs-keyword">gt</span>;</span>posts/<span class="hljs-keyword">index</span><span class="symbol">&<span class="hljs-keyword">lt</span>;</span><span class="hljs-regexp">/title</span><span class="symbol"><span class="hljs-regexp">&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="symbol"><span class="hljs-regexp">&lt;</span></span><span class="hljs-regexp">/head</span><span class="symbol">&<span class="hljs-keyword">gt</span>;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="symbol">&<span class="hljs-keyword">lt</span>;</span>body<span class="symbol">&<span class="hljs-keyword">gt</span>;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> {{.title}}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="symbol">&<span class="hljs-keyword">lt</span>;</span><span class="hljs-regexp">/body</span><span class="symbol"><span class="hljs-regexp">&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="symbol"><span class="hljs-regexp">&lt;</span></span><span class="hljs-regexp">/html</span><span class="symbol">&<span class="hljs-keyword">gt</span>;</span></span><br><span class="line">{<span class="hljs-string">{end}</span>}</span><br></code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
<p><code>users/index.html</code>文件的内容如下:</p>
<figure class="highlight go" data-lang="GO"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="hljs"><code class="go"><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></code></pre></td><td class="code"><pre class="hljs perl"><code class="go"><span class="line"><pre><code class=<span class="string"><span class="hljs-string">"language-template"</span></span>>{{define &quot;users/index.html&quot;}}</span><br><span class="line">&<span class="hljs-keyword">lt</span>;!DOCTYPE html&<span class="hljs-keyword">gt</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&<span class="hljs-keyword">lt</span>;html lang=&quot;en&quot;&<span class="hljs-keyword">gt</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&<span class="hljs-keyword">lt</span>;head&<span class="hljs-keyword">gt</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> &<span class="hljs-keyword">lt</span>;meta charset=&quot;UTF<span class="number">-<span class="hljs-number">8</span></span>&quot;&<span class="hljs-keyword">gt</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> &<span class="hljs-keyword">lt</span>;meta name=&quot;viewport&quot; content=&quot;width=device-width, initial-scale=<span class="number"><span class="hljs-number">1.0</span></span>&quot;&<span class="hljs-keyword">gt</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> &<span class="hljs-keyword">lt</span>;meta http-equiv=&quot;X-UA-Compatible&quot; content=&quot;ie=edge&quot;&<span class="hljs-keyword">gt</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> &<span class="hljs-keyword">lt</span>;title&<span class="hljs-keyword">gt</span>;users/<span class="hljs-keyword">index</span>&<span class="hljs-keyword">lt</span>;<span class="hljs-regexp">/title&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">&lt;/head</span>&<span class="hljs-keyword">gt</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&<span class="hljs-keyword">lt</span>;body&<span class="hljs-keyword">gt</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> {{.title}}</span><br><span class="line">&<span class="hljs-keyword">lt</span>;<span class="hljs-regexp">/body&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">&lt;/html</span>&<span class="hljs-keyword">gt</span>;</span><br><span class="line">{<span class="hljs-string">{end}</span>}</span><br></code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
<p>Gin框架中使用<code>LoadHTMLGlob()</code>或者<code>LoadHTMLFiles()</code>方法进行HTML模板渲染。</p>
<figure class="highlight go" data-lang="GO"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="hljs"><code class="go"><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br></code></pre></td><td class="code"><pre class="hljs ruby"><code class="go"><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">r <span class="hljs-symbol">:</span>= gin.Default()</span><br><span class="line">r.LoadHTMLGlob(&quot;templates<span class="comment">/**<span class="hljs-regexp">/</span></span><span class="hljs-regexp">*&quot;)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp"></span><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">/</span><span class="hljs-regexp">/r.LoadHTMLFiles(&quot;templates/posts</span><span class="hljs-regexp">/index.html&quot;, &quot;templates/users</span><span class="hljs-regexp">/index.html&quot;)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">r.GET(&quot;/posts</span><span class="hljs-regexp">/index&quot;, </span><span class="function"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">func</span></span><span class="params"><span class="hljs-regexp">(c *gin.Context)</span></span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> {</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">c.HTML(http.StatusOK, &quot;posts/index</span>.html&quot;, gin.H{</span><br><span class="line">&quot;title&quot;: &quot;posts/index&quot;,</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">r.GET(&quot;users/index&quot;, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span><span class="params">(c *gin.Context)</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">c.HTML(http.StatusOK, &quot;users/index.html&quot;, gin.H{</span><br><span class="line">&quot;title&quot;: &quot;users/index&quot;,</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">r.Run(&quot;<span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="number"><span class="hljs-number">8080</span></span>&quot;)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
# 静态文件处理
<p>当我们渲染的HTML文件中引用了静态文件时,我们只需要按照以下方式在渲染页面前调用<code>gin.Static</code>方法即可。</p>
<figure class="highlight go" data-lang="GO"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="hljs"><code class="go"><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></code></pre></td><td class="code"><pre class="hljs css"><code class="go"><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-selector-tag">func</span></span> <span class="title"><span class="hljs-selector-tag">main</span></span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-attribute">r </span>:= gin.<span class="hljs-built_in">Default</span>()</span><br><span class="line">r.<span class="hljs-built_in">Static</span>(&quot;/static&quot;, &quot;./static&quot;)</span><br><span class="line">r.<span class="hljs-built_in">LoadHTMLGlob</span>(&quot;templates<span class="comment">/**/</span>*&quot;)</span><br><span class="line"> ...</span><br><span class="line">r.<span class="hljs-built_in">Run</span>(&quot;:<span class="number">8080</span>&quot;)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
# 补充文件路径处理
<p>关于模板文件和静态文件的路径,我们需要根据公司/项目的要求进行设置。可以使用下面的函数获取当前执行程序的路径。</p>
<figure class="highlight go" data-lang="GO"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="hljs"><code class="go"><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></code></pre></td><td class="code"><pre class="hljs cpp"><code class="go"><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-function">func</span></span><span class="hljs-function"> </span><span class="title"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-title">getCurrentPath</span></span></span><span class="params"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-params">()</span></span></span><span class="hljs-function"> </span><span class="title"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-built_in">string</span></span></span></span><span class="hljs-function"> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">if</span></span> ex, err := os.Executable(); err == <span class="literal">nil</span> {</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">return</span></span> filepath.Dir(ex)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">return</span></span> &quot;./&quot;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
# JSON渲染
<figure class="highlight go" data-lang="GO"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="hljs"><code class="go"><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br></code></pre></td><td class="code"><pre class="hljs coffeescript"><code class="go"><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">r := gin.Default()</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">//</span> gin.H 是map[string]interface{}的缩写</span></span><br><span class="line">r.GET(&quot;<span class="hljs-regexp">/someJSON&quot;, </span><span class="function"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">func</span></span><span class="params"><span class="hljs-regexp">(c *gin.Context)</span></span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> {</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp"></span><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">/</span>/ 方式一:自己拼接JSON</span></span><br><span class="line">c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{&quot;message&quot;: &quot;Hello world!&quot;})</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br><span class="line">r.GET(&quot;<span class="hljs-regexp">/moreJSON&quot;, </span><span class="function"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">func</span></span><span class="params"><span class="hljs-regexp">(c *gin.Context)</span></span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> {</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp"></span><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">/</span>/ 方法二:使用结构体</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> msg <span class="keyword">struct</span> {</span><br><span class="line">Name <span class="keyword">string</span> <span class="string">`<span class="javascript">json:&quot;user&quot;</span>`</span></span><br><span class="line">Message <span class="keyword">string</span></span><br><span class="line">Age <span class="keyword">int</span></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">msg.Name = &quot;小王子&quot;</span><br><span class="line">msg.Message = &quot;Hello world!&quot;</span><br><span class="line">msg.Age = <span class="number"><span class="hljs-number">18</span></span></span><br><span class="line">c.JSON(http.StatusOK, msg)</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br><span class="line">r.Run(&quot;:<span class="number"><span class="hljs-number">8080</span></span>&quot;)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
# XML渲染
<p>注意需要使用具名的结构体类型。</p>
<figure class="highlight go" data-lang="GO"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="hljs"><code class="go"><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br></code></pre></td><td class="code"><pre class="hljs ruby"><code class="go"><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">r <span class="hljs-symbol">:</span>= gin.Default()</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/<span class="hljs-regexp">/ gin.H 是map[string]interface{}的缩写</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">r.GET(&quot;/some</span>XML&quot;, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span><span class="params">(c *gin.Context)</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">//</span> 方式一:自己拼接JSON</span></span><br><span class="line">c.XML(http.StatusOK, gin.H{&quot;message&quot;: &quot;Hello world!&quot;})</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br><span class="line">r.GET(&quot;<span class="hljs-regexp">/moreXML&quot;, </span><span class="function"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">func</span></span><span class="params"><span class="hljs-regexp">(c *gin.Context)</span></span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> {</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp"></span><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">/</span><span class="hljs-regexp">/ 方法二:使用结构体</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp"></span><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">type</span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> MessageRecord </span><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">struct</span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> {</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">Name </span><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">string</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">Message </span><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">string</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">Age </span><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">int</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">}</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp"></span><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">var</span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> msg MessageRecord</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">msg.Name = &quot;小王子&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">msg.Message = &quot;Hello world!&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">msg.Age = </span><span class="number"><span class="hljs-regexp">18</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">c.XML(http.StatusOK, msg)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">})</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">r.Run(&quot;:</span><span class="number"><span class="hljs-regexp">8080</span></span><span class="hljs-regexp">&quot;)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">}</span></span><br></code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
# YMAL渲染
<figure class="highlight go" data-lang="GO"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="hljs"><code class="go"><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></code></pre></td><td class="code"><pre class="hljs"><code class="go"><span class="line">r.GET(&quot;/someYAML&quot;, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span><span class="params">(c *gin.Context)</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">c.YAML(http.StatusOK, gin.H{&quot;message&quot;: &quot;ok&quot;, &quot;status&quot;: http.StatusOK})</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br></code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
# protobuf渲染
<figure class="highlight go" data-lang="GO"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="hljs"><code class="go"><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></code></pre></td><td class="code"><pre class="hljs javascript"><code class="go"><span class="line">r.GET(&quot;<span class="hljs-regexp">/someProtoBuf&quot;, </span><span class="function"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">func</span></span><span class="params"><span class="hljs-regexp">(c *gin.Context)</span></span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> {</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">reps := []</span><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">int64</span></span><span class="hljs-regexp">{</span><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">int64</span></span><span class="hljs-regexp">(</span><span class="number"><span class="hljs-regexp">1</span></span><span class="hljs-regexp">), </span><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">int64</span></span><span class="hljs-regexp">(</span><span class="number"><span class="hljs-regexp">2</span></span><span class="hljs-regexp">)}</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">label := &quot;test&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp"></span><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">/</span><span class="hljs-regexp">/ protobuf 的具体定义写在 testdata/</span>protoexample 文件中。</span></span><br><span class="line">data := &amp;protoexample.Test{</span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-attr">Label</span>: &amp;label,</span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-attr">Reps</span>: reps,</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-comment">// 请注意,数据在响应中变为二进制数据</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment"></span><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-comment">// 将输出被 protoexample.Test protobuf 序列化了的数据</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">c.ProtoBuf(http.StatusOK, data)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">})</span></span><br></code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
# 获取参数
# 获取querystring参数
<p><code>querystring</code>指的是URL中<code>?</code>后面携带的参数,例如:<code>/user/search?username=小王子&address=沙河</code>。获取请求的querystring参数的方法如下:</p>
<figure class="highlight go" data-lang="GO"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="hljs"><code class="go"><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></code></pre></td><td class="code"><pre class="hljs ruby"><code class="go"><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">//</span>Default返回一个默认的路由引擎</span></span><br><span class="line">r <span class="hljs-symbol">:</span>= gin.Default()</span><br><span class="line">r.GET(&quot;<span class="hljs-regexp">/user/search</span>&quot;, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span><span class="params">(c *gin.Context)</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">username <span class="hljs-symbol">:</span>= c.DefaultQuery(&quot;username&quot;, &quot;小王子&quot;)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/<span class="hljs-regexp">/username := c.Query(&quot;username&quot;)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">address := c.Query(&quot;address&quot;)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp"></span><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">/</span><span class="hljs-regexp">/输出json结果给调用方</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">&quot;message&quot;: &quot;ok&quot;,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">&quot;username&quot;: username,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">&quot;address&quot;: address,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">})</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">})</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">r.Run()</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">}</span></span><br></code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
# 获取form参数
<p>请求的数据通过form表单来提交,例如向<code>/user/search</code>发送一个POST请求,获取请求数据的方式如下:</p>
<figure class="highlight go" data-lang="GO"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="hljs"><code class="go"><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></code></pre></td><td class="code"><pre class="hljs ruby"><code class="go"><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">//</span>Default返回一个默认的路由引擎</span></span><br><span class="line">r <span class="hljs-symbol">:</span>= gin.Default()</span><br><span class="line">r.POST(&quot;<span class="hljs-regexp">/user/search</span>&quot;, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span><span class="params">(c *gin.Context)</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">//</span> DefaultPostForm取不到值时会返回指定的默认值</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/<span class="hljs-regexp">/username := c.DefaultPostForm(&quot;username&quot;, &quot;小王子&quot;)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">username := c.PostForm(&quot;username&quot;)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">address := c.PostForm(&quot;address&quot;)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp"></span><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">/</span><span class="hljs-regexp">/输出json结果给调用方</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">&quot;message&quot;: &quot;ok&quot;,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">&quot;username&quot;: username,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">&quot;address&quot;: address,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">})</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">})</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">r.Run(&quot;:</span><span class="number"><span class="hljs-regexp">8080</span></span><span class="hljs-regexp">&quot;)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">}</span></span><br></code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
# 获取path参数
<p>请求的参数通过URL路径传递,例如:<code>/user/search/小王子/沙河</code>。获取请求URL路径中的参数的方式如下。</p>
<figure class="highlight go" data-lang="GO"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="hljs"><code class="go"><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></code></pre></td><td class="code"><pre class="hljs ruby"><code class="go"><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">//</span>Default返回一个默认的路由引擎</span></span><br><span class="line">r <span class="hljs-symbol">:</span>= gin.Default()</span><br><span class="line">r.GET(&quot;<span class="hljs-regexp">/user/search</span><span class="hljs-regexp">/:username/</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:address&quot</span>;, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span><span class="params">(c *gin.Context)</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">username <span class="hljs-symbol">:</span>= c.Param(&quot;username&quot;)</span><br><span class="line">address <span class="hljs-symbol">:</span>= c.Param(&quot;address&quot;)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/<span class="hljs-regexp">/输出json结果给调用方</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">&quot;message&quot;: &quot;ok&quot;,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">&quot;username&quot;: username,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">&quot;address&quot;: address,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">})</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">})</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">r.Run(&quot;:</span><span class="number"><span class="hljs-regexp">8080</span></span><span class="hljs-regexp">&quot;)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">}</span></span><br></code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
# 参数绑定
<p>为了能够更方便的获取请求相关参数,提高开发效率,我们可以基于请求的<code>content-type</code>识别请求数据类型并利用反射机制自动提取请求中<code>querystring</code>、form表单、JSON、XML等参数到结构体中。</p>
<figure class="highlight go" data-lang="GO"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="hljs"><code class="go"><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br></code></pre></td><td class="code"><pre class="hljs coffeescript"><code class="go"><span class="line"><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">//</span> Binding <span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> JSON</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">type</span> Login <span class="keyword">struct</span> {</span><br><span class="line">User <span class="keyword">string</span> <span class="string">`<span class="javascript">form:&quot;user&quot; json:&quot;user&quot; binding:&quot;required&quot;</span>`</span></span><br><span class="line">Password <span class="keyword">string</span> <span class="string">`<span class="javascript">form:&quot;password&quot; json:&quot;password&quot; binding:&quot;required&quot;</span>`</span></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">router := gin.Default()</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">//</span> 绑定JSON的示例 ({&quot;user&quot;: &quot;q1mi&quot;, &quot;password&quot;: &quot;<span class="hljs-number">123456</span>&quot;})</span></span><br><span class="line">router.POST(&quot;<span class="hljs-regexp">/loginJSON&quot;, </span><span class="function"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">func</span></span><span class="params"><span class="hljs-regexp">(c *gin.Context)</span></span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> {</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp"></span><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">var</span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> login Login</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp"></span><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">if</span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&amp;login); err == </span><span class="literal"><span class="hljs-regexp">nil</span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> {</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">fmt.Printf(&quot;login info:%#v\n&quot;, login)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">&quot;user&quot;: login.User,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">&quot;password&quot;: login.Password,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">})</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">} </span><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">else</span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> {</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{&quot;error&quot;: err.Error()})</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">}</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">})</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp"></span><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">/</span>/ 绑定form表单示例 (user=q1mi&amp;password=<span class="hljs-number">123456</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line">router.POST(&quot;<span class="hljs-regexp">/loginForm&quot;, </span><span class="function"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">func</span></span><span class="params"><span class="hljs-regexp">(c *gin.Context)</span></span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> {</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp"></span><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">var</span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> login Login</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp"></span><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">/</span>/ ShouldBind()会根据请求的Content-Type自行选择绑定器</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">if</span></span> err := c.ShouldBind(&amp;login); err == <span class="literal">nil</span> {</span><br><span class="line">c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{</span><br><span class="line">&quot;user&quot;: login.User,</span><br><span class="line">&quot;password&quot;: login.Password,</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br><span class="line">} <span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">else</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{&quot;error&quot;: err.Error()})</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">//</span> 绑定querystring示例 (user=q1mi&amp;password=<span class="hljs-number">123456</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line">router.GET(&quot;<span class="hljs-regexp">/loginForm&quot;, </span><span class="function"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">func</span></span><span class="params"><span class="hljs-regexp">(c *gin.Context)</span></span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> {</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp"></span><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">var</span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> login Login</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp"></span><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">/</span>/ ShouldBind()会根据请求的Content-Type自行选择绑定器</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">if</span></span> err := c.ShouldBind(&amp;login); err == <span class="literal">nil</span> {</span><br><span class="line">c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{</span><br><span class="line">&quot;user&quot;: login.User,</span><br><span class="line">&quot;password&quot;: login.Password,</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br><span class="line">} <span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">else</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{&quot;error&quot;: err.Error()})</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">//</span> Listen <span class="hljs-keyword">and</span> serve <span class="hljs-literal">on</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.0</span><span class="hljs-number">.0</span><span class="hljs-number">.0</span>:<span class="hljs-number">8080</span></span></span><br><span class="line">router.Run(&quot;:<span class="number"><span class="hljs-number">8080</span></span>&quot;)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
# 文件上传
# 单个文件上传
<figure class="highlight go" data-lang="GO"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="hljs"><code class="go"><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br></code></pre></td><td class="code"><pre class="hljs ruby"><code class="go"><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">router <span class="hljs-symbol">:</span>= gin.Default()</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/<span class="hljs-regexp">/ 处理multipart forms提交文件时默认的内存限制是32 MiB</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp"></span><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">/</span><span class="hljs-regexp">/ 可以通过下面的方式修改</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp"></span><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">/</span><span class="hljs-regexp">/ router.MaxMultipartMemory = 8 &lt;&lt; 20 /</span><span class="hljs-regexp">/ 8 MiB</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">router.POST(&quot;/upload</span>&quot;, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span><span class="params">(c *gin.Context)</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">//</span> 单个文件</span></span><br><span class="line">file, err <span class="hljs-symbol">:</span>= c.FormFile(&quot;file&quot;)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">if</span></span> err != <span class="literal"><span class="hljs-literal">nil</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{</span><br><span class="line">&quot;message&quot;: err.Error(),</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">return</span></span></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">log.Println(file.Filename)</span><br><span class="line">dst <span class="hljs-symbol">:</span>= fmt.Sprintf(&quot;<span class="hljs-symbol">C:</span>/tmp/%s&quot;, file.Filename)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/<span class="hljs-regexp">/ 上传文件到指定的目录</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">c.SaveUploadedFile(file, dst)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">&quot;message&quot;: fmt.Sprintf(&quot;</span><span class="string"><span class="hljs-regexp">'%s'</span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> uploaded!&quot;, file.Filename),</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">})</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">})</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">router.Run()</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">}</span></span><br></code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
# 多个文件上传
<figure class="highlight go" data-lang="GO"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="hljs"><code class="go"><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br></code></pre></td><td class="code"><pre class="hljs ruby"><code class="go"><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">router <span class="hljs-symbol">:</span>= gin.Default()</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/<span class="hljs-regexp">/ 处理multipart forms提交文件时默认的内存限制是32 MiB</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp"></span><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">/</span><span class="hljs-regexp">/ 可以通过下面的方式修改</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp"></span><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">/</span><span class="hljs-regexp">/ router.MaxMultipartMemory = 8 &lt;&lt; 20 /</span><span class="hljs-regexp">/ 8 MiB</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">router.POST(&quot;/upload</span>&quot;, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span><span class="params">(c *gin.Context)</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">//</span> Multipart form</span></span><br><span class="line">form, <span class="hljs-number">_</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">:</span>= c.MultipartForm()</span><br><span class="line">files <span class="hljs-symbol">:</span>= form.File[&quot;file&quot;]</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">for</span></span> index, file <span class="hljs-symbol">:</span>= <span class="keyword">range</span> files {</span><br><span class="line">log.Println(file.Filename)</span><br><span class="line">dst <span class="hljs-symbol">:</span>= fmt.Sprintf(&quot;<span class="hljs-symbol">C:</span>/tmp/%s<span class="hljs-number">_</span>%d&quot;, file.Filename, index)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/<span class="hljs-regexp">/ 上传文件到指定的目录</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">c.SaveUploadedFile(file, dst)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">}</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">&quot;message&quot;: fmt.Sprintf(&quot;%d files uploaded!&quot;, </span><span class="built_in"><span class="hljs-regexp">len</span></span><span class="hljs-regexp">(files)),</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">})</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">})</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">router.Run()</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">}</span></span><br></code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
# Gin中间件
<p>Gin框架允许开发者在处理请求的过程中,加入用户自己的钩子(Hook)函数。这个钩子函数就叫中间件,中间件适合处理一些公共的业务逻辑,比如登录校验、日志打印、耗时统计等。</p>
<p>Gin中的中间件必须是一个<code>gin.HandlerFunc</code>类型。例如我们像下面的代码一样定义一个中间件。</p>
<figure class="highlight go" data-lang="GO"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="hljs"><code class="go"><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></code></pre></td><td class="code"><pre class="hljs ruby"><code class="go"><span class="line"><span class="comment">/<span class="hljs-regexp">/ StatCost 是一个统计耗时请求耗时的中间件</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">func</span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> </span><span class="title"><span class="hljs-regexp">StatCost</span></span><span class="params"><span class="hljs-regexp">()</span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> </span><span class="title"><span class="hljs-regexp">gin</span></span><span class="hljs-regexp">.</span><span class="title"><span class="hljs-regexp">HandlerFunc</span></span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> {</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp"></span><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">return</span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> </span><span class="function"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">func</span></span><span class="params"><span class="hljs-regexp">(c *gin.Context)</span></span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> {</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">start := time.Now()</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">c.Set(&quot;name&quot;, &quot;小王子&quot;)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp"></span><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">/</span><span class="hljs-regexp">/ 执行其他中间件</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">c.Next()</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp"></span><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">/</span><span class="hljs-regexp">/ 计算耗时</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">cost := time.Since(start)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">log.Println(cost)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">}</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">}</span></span><br></code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
<p>然后注册中间件的时候,可以在全局注册。</p>
<figure class="highlight go" data-lang="GO"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="hljs"><code class="go"><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></code></pre></td><td class="code"><pre class="hljs cpp"><code class="go"><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-function">func</span></span><span class="hljs-function"> </span><span class="title"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-title">main</span></span></span><span class="params"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-params">()</span></span></span></span><span class="hljs-function"> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-comment">// 新建一个没有任何默认中间件的路由</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">r := gin.New()</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment"></span><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-comment">// 注册一个全局中间件</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">r.Use(StatCost())</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">r.GET(&quot;/test&quot;, </span><span class="function"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-comment">func</span></span><span class="params"><span class="hljs-comment">(c *gin.Context)</span></span></span><span class="hljs-comment"> {</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">name := c.MustGet(&quot;name&quot;).(</span><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-comment">string</span></span><span class="hljs-comment">)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">log.Println(name)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">&quot;message&quot;: &quot;Hello world!&quot;,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">})</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">})</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">r.Run()</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">}</span></span><br></code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
<p>也可以给某个路由单独注册中间件。</p>
<figure class="highlight go" data-lang="GO"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="hljs"><code class="go"><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></code></pre></td><td class="code"><pre class="hljs cpp"><code class="go"><span class="line"><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-comment">// 给/test2路由单独注册中间件(可注册多个)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">r.GET(&quot;/test2&quot;, StatCost(), </span><span class="function"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-comment">func</span></span><span class="params"><span class="hljs-comment">(c *gin.Context)</span></span></span><span class="hljs-comment"> {</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">name := c.MustGet(&quot;name&quot;).(</span><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-comment">string</span></span><span class="hljs-comment">)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">log.Println(name)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">&quot;message&quot;: &quot;Hello world!&quot;,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">})</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">})</span></span><br></code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
# 重定向
# HTTP重定向
<p>HTTP 重定向很容易。 内部、外部重定向均支持。</p>
<figure class="highlight go" data-lang="GO"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="hljs"><code class="go"><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></code></pre></td><td class="code"><pre class="hljs coffeescript"><code class="go"><span class="line">r.GET(&quot;<span class="hljs-regexp">/test&quot;, </span><span class="function"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">func</span></span><span class="params"><span class="hljs-regexp">(c *gin.Context)</span></span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> {</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">c.Redirect(http.StatusMovedPermanently, &quot;http:</span><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">/</span><span class="hljs-regexp">/www.google.com/</span>&quot;)</span></span><br><span class="line">})</span><br></code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
# 路由重定向
<p>路由重定向,使用<code>HandleContext</code>:</p>
<figure class="highlight go" data-lang="GO"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="hljs"><code class="go"><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></code></pre></td><td class="code"><pre class="hljs javascript"><code class="go"><span class="line">r.GET(&quot;<span class="hljs-regexp">/test&quot;, </span><span class="function"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">func</span></span><span class="params"><span class="hljs-regexp">(c *gin.Context)</span></span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> {</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp"> </span><span class="comment"><span class="hljs-regexp">/</span><span class="hljs-regexp">/ 指定重定向的URL</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp"> c.Request.URL.Path = &quot;/</span>test2&quot;</span><br><span class="line"> r.HandleContext(c)</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br><span class="line">r.GET(&quot;<span class="hljs-regexp">/test2&quot;, </span><span class="function"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">func</span></span><span class="params"><span class="hljs-regexp">(c *gin.Context)</span></span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> {</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp"> c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{&quot;hello&quot;: &quot;world&quot;})</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">})</span></span><br></code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
# Gin路由
# 普通路由
<figure class="highlight go" data-lang="GO"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="hljs"><code class="go"><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></code></pre></td><td class="code"><pre class="hljs javascript"><code class="go"><span class="line">r.GET(&quot;<span class="hljs-regexp">/index&quot;, </span><span class="function"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">func</span></span><span class="params"><span class="hljs-regexp">(c *gin.Context)</span></span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> {...})</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">r.GET(&quot;/</span>login&quot;, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span><span class="params">(c *gin.Context)</span></span> {...})</span><br><span class="line">r.POST(&quot;<span class="hljs-regexp">/login&quot;, </span><span class="function"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">func</span></span><span class="params"><span class="hljs-regexp">(c *gin.Context)</span></span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> {...})</span></span><br></code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
<p>此外,还有一个可以匹配所有请求方法的<code>Any</code>方法如下:</p>
<figure class="highlight go" data-lang="GO"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="hljs"><code class="go"><span class="line">1</span><br></code></pre></td><td class="code"><pre class="hljs bash"><code class="go"><span class="line">r.Any(&quot;/<span class="hljs-built_in">test</span>&quot;, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span><span class="params">(c *gin.Context)</span></span> {...})</span><br></code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
<p>为没有配置处理函数的路由添加处理程序。默认情况下它返回404代码。</p>
<figure class="highlight go" data-lang="GO"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="hljs"><code class="go"><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></code></pre></td><td class="code"><pre class="hljs objectivec"><code class="go"><span class="line">r.NoRoute(<span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span><span class="params">(c *gin.Context)</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">c.HTML(http.StatusNotFound, &quot;views/<span class="number"><span class="hljs-number">404.</span></span>html&quot;, <span class="literal"><span class="hljs-literal">nil</span></span>)</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br></code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
# 路由组
<p>我们可以将拥有共同URL前缀的路由划分为一个路由组。</p>
<figure class="highlight go" data-lang="GO"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="hljs"><code class="go"><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></code></pre></td><td class="code"><pre class="hljs javascript"><code class="go"><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-attr">r</span> := gin.Default()</span><br><span class="line">userGroup := r.Group(&quot;<span class="hljs-regexp">/user&quot;)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">{</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">userGroup.GET(&quot;/i</span>ndex&quot;, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span><span class="params">(c *gin.Context)</span></span> {...})</span><br><span class="line">userGroup.GET(&quot;<span class="hljs-regexp">/login&quot;, </span><span class="function"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">func</span></span><span class="params"><span class="hljs-regexp">(c *gin.Context)</span></span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> {...})</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">userGroup.POST(&quot;/</span>login&quot;, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span><span class="params">(c *gin.Context)</span></span> {...})</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">shopGroup := r.Group(&quot;<span class="hljs-regexp">/shop&quot;)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">{</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">shopGroup.GET(&quot;/i</span>ndex&quot;, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span><span class="params">(c *gin.Context)</span></span> {...})</span><br><span class="line">shopGroup.GET(&quot;<span class="hljs-regexp">/cart&quot;, </span><span class="function"><span class="keyword"><span class="hljs-regexp">func</span></span><span class="params"><span class="hljs-regexp">(c *gin.Context)</span></span></span><span class="hljs-regexp"> {...})</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-regexp">shopGroup.POST(&quot;/</span>checkout&quot;, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span><span class="params">(c *gin.Context)</span></span> {...})</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">r.Run()</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
<p>通常我们将路由分组用在划分业务逻辑或划分API版本时。</p>
# 路由原理
<p>Gin框架中的路由使用的是<a href="https://github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter" target="_blank" rel="noopener">httprouter</a>这个库。</p>
<p>其基本原理就是构造一个路由地址的前缀树。</p></code></pre></section><code class="language-golang"> <!-- Tags START --> <div class="tags"> <span>Tags:</span> <a href="/tags#Go"> <span class="tag-code">Go</span> </a>
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