先看下models结构:
# tournament/models.py from django.db import models class Club(models.Model): region_choices = [ ('E', 'East'), ('W', 'West'), ] name = models.CharField(max_length=50) region = models.CharField(max_length=20, choices=region_choices) desc = models.TextField(max_length=1000, null=True, blank=True) class Meta: verbose_name = "俱乐部" verbose_name_plural =verbose_name def __str__(self): return self.name class Season(models.Model): name = models.CharField("赛季名称", max_length=100) start_time = models.DateTimeField("赛季开始时间") end_time = models.DateTimeField("赛季结束时间") class Meta: verbose_name = "赛季" verbose_name_plural = verbose_name def __str__(self): return self.name class Player(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=50) age = models.IntegerField() club = models.ForeignKey(Club, on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True) salary = models.CharField(max_length=30) desc = models.TextField(max_length=1000) class Meta: verbose_name = "球员" verbose_name_plural = verbose_name def __str__(self): return self.name class PlayerData(models.Model): player = models.OneToOneField(Player, on_delete=models.CASCADE) season = models.ForeignKey(Season, on_delete=models.CASCADE) average_score = models.FloatField("平均得分", max_length=10) average_assist = models.FloatField("平均助攻", max_length=10) average_rebound = models.FloatField("平均篮板", max_length=10) class Meta: verbose_name = "球员赛季数据" verbose_name_plural = verbose_name def __str__(self): return "%.2f分%.2f助攻%.2f篮板" %(self.average_score, self.average_assist, self.average_rebound) class News(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=150) content = models.TextField(max_length=2000) players = models.ManyToManyField(Player) create_time = models.DateTimeField() comment = models.ForeignKey('comment.Comment', on_delete=models.CASCADE) class Meta: verbose_name = "新闻" verbose_name_plural = verbose_name def __str__(self): return self.title
# comment/models.py from django.db import models class Comment(models.Model): content = models.CharField(max_length=200) create_time = models.DateTimeField() sub_content = models.ForeignKey('self', on_delete=models.CASCADE) class Meta: verbose_name = "评论" verbose_name_plural = verbose_name def __str__(self): return self.content
看下数据库中生成的表结构
tournament_club表
tournament_season表
tournament_player表
tournament_playerdata表
comment_comment表
tournament_news表
tournament_news_players表
几个注意的点:
1、如果是自己关联自己,可以使用self,如上面的comment中,评论可以嵌套评论,可以如此设计
models.ForeignKey('self', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
2、如果要关联其他app中的model,可以使用'app.model',而不是去导入,这样可能会引起一些问题,如上面的news中关联comment
3、关于on_delete
1) on_delete=models.CASCADE 表示级联删除,当关联表(子表)中的数据删除时,与其相对应的外键(父表)中的数据也删除
例如:上述中club表中定义了两个球队Lakers和warriors,player表中定义了四个球员LeBron James、Davis(关联到Lakers)、Curry、Kely(关联到warriors),此时删除club表中的warrriors后,player表中的Curry、Kely都会被删除
2)on_delete=SET_NULL 删除关联数据(子表),与之关联的值设置默认值为null(父表中),这个前提需要父表中的字段可以为空即 null=True
3)on_delete=SET_DEFAULT 设置默认值,删除子表字段时,外键字段设置为默认值,所以定义外键的时候注意加上一个默认值
4)on_delete=PROTECT 保护模式,如采用这个方法,在删除关联数据时会抛出ProtectError错误
4、ForeignKey.related_name 和 ForeignKey.related_query_name
首先在club表和player表中加入几条数据
然后查询:
接下来,先修改下Player的model
club = models.ForeignKey(Club, on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True, related_name='players', related_query_name='p')
然后执行查询
标签:name,Relationship,models,fields,self,length,max,verbose From: https://www.cnblogs.com/m-chen/p/16995229.html