ror学习小结6

1 每个controler都会在app\views下有一个相应的目录 


2 视图中输出debug信息 

 <%=DEBUG params %> 


  <%=debug response%> 


3 页面上输出 

     <%=session[:user_name]%>..... 

4 XML模版 

   xml = Builder::XmlMarkup.new(:indent=>2, :margin=>4) 

xml.instruct!
ml, :version=>"1.0", :encoding=>"utf-8" 

xml.books do 

  xml.book(:id=>'1') do 

    xml.name('xxxx') 

    xml.author('dsdsd') 

    xml.price ('68') 

  end 

  xml.book(:id=>'2') do 

    xml.name('ddddd') 

    xml.author('dsd') 

    xml.price ('98') 

  end 

end 

  控制器中可以直接对响应设置 

    format.xml即可 


5 image_path("logo.png"); 获得图片路径 


6 加载javacript库 

   javascript_include_tag "prototype" 

==<script type="......"> 

   获得某个javascript路径 

      <%=javascript_path "xxx.js"%> 

7 加入css 

     <%=stylesheet_link_tag "xxxx.css"/> 


8 定义数字格式输出 

   有一系列number_with_xxxx的方法，例子 

      <% @books.each do |book| %> 

  <tr style='background:<%= cycle("#ECECEC","#FFFFFF")  %>'> 

    <td><%=number_to_currency( book.id, :unit => "NO.", :format => "%u % 


n",:precision => 0) %></td> 

    <td><%= book.name %></td> 

    <td><%= number_to_currency(book.price, :unit => "￥", :separator => ".", 


:delimiter => ",") %></td> 

    <td><%= number_to_currency(book.count, :unit => "个", :format => "%n %u") 


%></td> 

    <td><%= link_to '查看', book %></td> 

  </tr> 

  <% end %> 



9 生成超连接，及表单助手类 

  link_to link_to_if，link_to_unlses，form_tag等。。。。。 


10 form_for 

    比如控制器中 

     def add 

      @employee=Employee.new 

     end 

    表单中： 

       <% form_for(@employee) do |f| %> 

         ........ 

     这样表单提交后，直接 

      def create 

    @employee = Employee.new(params[:employee]) 


    respond_to do |format| 

      if @employee.save 

. ................... 


11 日期和时间 

    下拉日期选择框 

      （选择日期）select_date方法：<%= select_date() %><br/> 

（选择日期和时间）select_datetime方法：<%= select_datetime() %><br/> 

（选择年）select_year方法：<%= select_year(Time.now,:field_name => 'birth') % 


><br/> 

（选择月）select_month方法：<%= select_month (Date.today) %><br/> 

（选择日）select_day方法：<%= select_day(12) %><br/> 

（选择时间）select_time方法：<%= select_time() %><br/> 

（选择时）select_hour方法：<%= select_hour(5) %><br/> 

（选择分）select_minute方法：<%= select_minute(15) %><br/> 

（选择秒）select_second方法：<%= select_second(Time.now) %><br/> 


12 自定义模版helper类 

    可以在app/helpers下创建一个包含helper类的books_helper.rb文件，封装输出的方 


法 

  module BooksHelper 


  def index_helper books 

    html='' 

   ...... 

end 

  然后在HTML页中调用： 

    <%=raw index_helper @books %> 


13 cookie 

    cookie[:myname]="xxxx" 

   读取myname=cookid[:myname] 

  删除cookies.delete :myname 

cookies[:cart]={:value=>cart,:expires=>Time.now+3600} 


14 flash[:notice]="xxxxx" 

  跨页面传值 

   <%=notice%> 


15 rails异步提交表单 

    <a href="ajax/new" data-remote="true" id="new">xxxx</xxx> 

    将异步提交到new这个controller去处理 

form_tag标记 

   <% form_tag("ajax/res",:remote=>true,:id=>"f1") do%> 

 ........ 

   例子：一个页面中有登陆的表单，登陆后，AJAX提交，页面其他部分不变 


   def login 

    username=request["user"]["name"] 

    password=request["user"]["password"] 


    @username = username 

    @rule = "VIP用户" 


    respond_to do |format| 

      format.html { render :layout => false } 

      format.xml  { render
ml => @ajaxes } 

    end 

  end 

  登陆后的视图： 

  <br> 

<div>您好<span><%= @username %></span>！</div> 

<div>您的角色是<span><%= @rule %></span></div> 

    登陆的表单 

        <div id="login"> 

    <% form_tag("/ajaxes/login", :remote => true, :id => "lf") do %> 

    <div>用户名：<%= text_field("user", "name", :class=>"input")  %></div> 

    <div>密　码：<%= password_field("user", "password", :class=>"input")  % 


></div> 

    <div><button type="submit">登录</button></div> 

    <% end %> 

  </div> 


   请求的JS 

　　　$(function($) { 

    $('#lf').bind( 

        'ajax:success', 

        function(data, status, xhr) { 

            $("#login").html(status); 

        }).bind( 

        'ajax:error', 

        function(xhr, status, error) { 

            alert(error); 

        }); 

}); 


16  文件上传 

　　　def upload 

      image=params[:img] 

      content_size=image.size 

      file_data=image.read 

      filetype=image.content_type 

      @filename=image.original_filename 

      fileext=File.basename(@filename).split(".")[1] 

      @time=Time.now.to_s 

      timeext=File.basename(@time).split("+")[0] 

      newfilename=timeext+"."+fileext 

      File.open("#{Rails.root}/public/"+ newfilename,"wb"){ 

        |f| f.write(file_data) 

      } 

      flash[:notice]="文件："+ newfilename+"上传成功。"+ 

          "上传时间是："+(Time.now).to_s+ 

          "上传的地址是："+ "#{Rails.root}/public/" 

      render :action=>"uploadImg" 

    end 

　　　上传表单的设计 

　　　　　  <% form_tag "/carts/upload",:multipart => true do %> 

  <%= file_field_tag(:img,:size=>"40") %> 

      <%= submit_tag("上传文件") %> 

  <% end %> 


17 下载文件 


   send_file方式： 

　　　　　   <%= link_to "下载文件" ,:action=> "downFile",:filename=>"# 


{cart.img}.jpg" %> 

　　　　downFile控制器内容： 

　　　　  def downFile 

    send_file "#{Rails.root}/public/images/"+params[:filename] unless params 


[:filename].blank? 

  end 


　　　　send_data方式： 

　　　　　  def downSendData 

    io=File.open("#{Rails.root}/public/images/"+params[:filename]) 

    io.binmode 

    send_data(io.read, 

   :filename=> params[:filename], 

   :type=>"image.jpg", 

   :disposition=>"attachment" 

   ) 

    io.close 

  end 


18 使用CKEDITOR 

  见 http://www.162cm.com/archives/1156.html的配置 

19 使用actionmailer 

   1)config下的enviroment中添加代码 

　　　　ActionMailer::Base.delivery_method=:smtp 

ActionMailer::Base.default_charset="UTF-8" 

ActionMailer::Base.smtp_settings={ 

    :address=>"smtp.foxmail.com", 

    :port=>25, 

    :domain=>"foxmail.com", 

    :user_name=> "somboy", 

    :password=> "123456", 

    :authentication=> :login 

} 

　　2) views\sysemail目录下建立一个发送模版sent.html.erb 

　　　　<div> 

  <p>注册成功，请激活后登录</p> 

  <p><h3><%[email protected] %>,您好！</h3></p> 

  <p>请在浏览器的地址栏中输入如下地址来激活您的账户</p> 

  <p><a href="http://localhost:3000/account/proActivate?name=<%[email protected] % 


>&active_code=<%[email protected]_code %>"> 

    http://localhost:3000/account/proActivate?name=<%[email protected] % 


>&active_code=<%[email protected]_code %> 

  </a></p> 

</div> 

　　3) app\mailers\sysemail.rb 

     class Sysemail < ActionMailer::Base 

  default :from => "[email protected]" 


  # Subject can be set in your I18n file at config/locales/en.yml 

  # with the following lookup: 

  # 

  #   en.sysemail.sent.subject 

  # 

  def sent(user,sent_at=Time.now) 

    subject "激活邮件，来自【dddd】" 

    recipients user.email 

    from  "[email protected]" 

    sent_on sent_at 

    body :user=>user 

    content_type "text/html" 

  end 


   4) 发送的逻辑，比如保存用户后发送： 

　　　　def proReg 

    @user=User.new(params[:user]) 

    @user.active_code=rand(Time.now.to_i).to_s 

    @user.is_actived=0 

    if @user.save then 

      flash[:notice]="success" 

      flash[:name][email protected] 

      Sysemail.deliver_sent(@user) 

      render "Sysemail/sent" 


20 页面缓存 

　　启动缓存： 

　　　修改config/enviroments/development.rb中设置 

　　　　config.action_controller.perform_caching=true 

    使用： 

　　　　cache_page :index(设置使用缓存的页面） 

　　清除cache 

        expire_page (:action=>"index") 

  局部缓存： 

　　　　<%cache do%> 

        //视图中的代码 

　　　　<%end%> 

     当失效时： 

　　　　　expire_fragment :action=>"show" 


21 分页器 

   使用will_paginate库 

   gem 'will_paginate','3.0.pre2' 

    @tabflowers=Tabflower.paginate :page => params[:page], :per_page => 9 

    sql="select count(*) from tabflowers" 

    @totalTS=Tabflower.count_by_sql(sql) 

    totalTS=Tabflower.count_by_sql(sql) 

    @currentYS=params[:page] 

    @perPage=9 

    perPage=9 

    if totalTS % perPage!=0 

      totalJY=totalTS / perPage+1 

    else 

      totalJY=totalTS / perPage 

    end 

    @totalJY=totalJY 

    @tabuser=session[:tabuser] 

      respond_to do |format| 

      format.html # index.html.erb 

      format.xml  { render
ml => @tabflowers } 

    end 


视图页中 

      <tr><td>共<%=@totalJY %>页，共<%= @totalTS %>条，每页显示<%=@perPage %>条</td><td><%= 


will_paginate @tabflowers,:prev_label=> "上一页",:next_label=>:"下一页" %></td></tr> 


16 全局配置信息。比如在config目录下新建site.yml配置文件： 

   title:xxxx 

   author:xxxx 


    在lib/enki/config.rb文件中，载入配置文件 

        def self.default_location 

      "#{Rails.root}/config/site.yml" 

    end 


  然后在app/controlers/application_controller.rb中，进行全局编码和全局变量的加载 

    class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base 

  protect_from_forgery 

  after_filter :set_content_type 


  protected 


  def set_content_type 

    headers['Content-Type'] ||= 'text/html; charset=utf-8' 

  end 


  def enki_config 

    @@enki_config = Enki::Config.default 

  end 

  helper_method :enki_config 

end   

  在前端页面中调用显示这些变量的值 <%=enki_config[:title]%> 


17 content_for的用法 

   如果我们想根据模板页面更改局部layout，使用content_for即可。 

content_for允许模板页面代码放到layout中的任何位置。 


比如我们的Rails程序不同的页面有不同的css样式，我们可以在layout里留出位置: 

Java代码  

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"  

  "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">   

<html>   

  <head>   

    <title>Todo List</title>   

    <%= stylesheet_link_tag 'application' %>   

    <%= yield :head %>   

  </head>   

  <body>   

    <div id="container">   

      <h1>Todo List</h1>   

      <%= yield %>   

    </div>   

  </body>   

</html>  


<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" 

  "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> 

<html> 

  <head> 

    <title>Todo List</title> 

    <%= stylesheet_link_tag 'application' %> 

    <%= yield :head %> 

  </head> 

  <body> 

    <div id="container"> 

      <h1>Todo List</h1> 

      <%= yield %> 

    </div> 

  </body> 

</html> 


我们用yield :head来给模板页面某段代码留个"座位"，再看页面: 

Java代码  

<% content_for :head do %>   

  <%= stylesheet_link_tag 'projects' %>   

<% end %>   

<h2>Projects</h2>   

<ul>   

<% for project in @projects %>   

  <li><%= project.name %></li>   

<% end %>  


<% content_for :head do %> 

  <%= stylesheet_link_tag 'projects' %> 

<% end %> 

<h2>Projects</h2> 

<ul> 

<% for project in @projects %> 

  <li><%= project.name %></li> 

<% end %> 


content_for :head里面的代码将填充layout里的yield :head。 


18 render partial参数 

   

1. 默认参数 


Ruby代码  

<%= render :partial => "account" %>  


<%= render :partial => "account" %> 

默认本地有个变量@account, 传递过去，render到的partial（_account.erb）有个变量account 


2. 单独参数 locals 

locals传递一组hash参数hash 值是本地的变量，hash的key是partial里的变量 


Ruby代码  

<%= render :partial => "account", :locals => { :account => @buyer } %>   

  

<% for ad in @advertisements %>   

  <%= render :partial => "ad", :locals => { :ad => ad } %>   

<% end %>   


<%= render :partial => "account", :locals => { :account => @buyer } %> 


<% for ad in @advertisements %> 

  <%= render :partial => "ad", :locals => { :ad => ad } %> 

<% end %> 

上面两个render分别 

传递本地变量@buyer到_account.erb里叫account的参数 

传递本地变量ad到_ad.erb里叫ad 


3 


根据1默认参数下面两个是一样的 


Ruby代码  

<%= render :partial => "contract", :locals => { :contract  => @contract } %>   

  

<%= render :partial => "contract" %>  


<%= render :partial => "contract", :locals => { :contract  => @contract } %> 


<%= render :partial => "contract" %> 



4. as使用 


用来改变传递之后，partial里变量的名称，如下，render方式是一样的。 


Ruby代码  

<%= render :partial => "contract", :as => :agreement  

  

<%= render :partial => "contract", :locals => { :agreement => @contract }  


<%= render :partial => "contract", :as => :agreement 


<%= render :partial => "contract", :locals => { :agreement => @contract } 

传递@contract到_contract.erb里，partial里的变量名为agreement 


5. object使用 


object最简单，就是把一个变量原名传递到partial里， 

所以什么都记不清楚的时候，就用object多写点都能表达 


如下： 

Ruby代码  

<%= render :partial => "account",
bject => @buyer %>   

  

<% for ad in @advertisements %>   

  <%= render :partial => "ad",
bject => ad %>   

<% end %>  


<%= render :partial => "account",
bject => @buyer %> 


<% for ad in @advertisements %> 

  <%= render :partial => "ad",
bject => ad %> 

<% end %> 

传递@buyer到_account.erb的partial里变量名还是@buyer 

传递ad到_ad.erb的partial里变量名还是ad 


6 object和as合用 


Ruby代码  

<%= render :partial => "contract",
bject => @contract, :as => :contract %>   

  

<%= render :partial => "contract" %>  


<%= render :partial => "contract",
bject => @contract, :as => :contract %> 


<%= render :partial => "contract" %> 


7 collection 


Ruby代码  

<%= render :partial => "ad", :collection => @advertisements %>  


<%= render :partial => "ad", :collection => @advertisements %> 


@advertisements是一个array，partial里_ad.erb有个ad变量是@advertisements的成员。就是_ad.erb不用写loop只 


是一条广告显示。 


Ruby代码  

<%= render :partial => "ad", :collection => @advertisements, :spacer_template => "ad_divider" %>  


<%= render :partial => "ad", :collection => @advertisements, :spacer_template => "ad_divider" %> 

同上，循环显示_ad.erb _ad_divider.erb 显示@advertisements.size次其中partial_ad_counter是默认计数器表示 


第几条广告 


8 默认 


看你要partial的变量是一组记录还是一条记录，会对应约定用locals和collection 

Ruby代码  

#@account是一条记录   

# <%= render :partial => "accounts/account", :locals => { :account => @account} %>   

<%= render :partial => @account %>   

  

# @posts是一组记录   

# <%= render :partial => "posts/post", :collection => @posts %>   

<%= render :partial => @posts %>  


#@account是一条记录 

# <%= render :partial => "accounts/account", :locals => { :account => @account} %> 

<%= render :partial => @account %> 


# @posts是一组记录 

# <%= render :partial => "posts/post", :collection => @posts %> 

<%= render :partial => @posts %> 

这是很人性的约定，可有时候就是忘了 


9 一些漂亮的简写 


Ruby代码  

#<%= render :partial => "account" %>可用下面代替   

<%= render "account" %>   

  

#<%= render :partial => "account", :locals => { :account => @buyer } %>可用下面代替   

<%= render "account", :account => @buyer %>   

  

# @account是一条记录   

# <%= render :partial => "accounts/account", :locals => { :account => @account } %>可用下面代替   

<%= render(@account) %>   

  

# @posts是一组记录   

# <%= render :partial => "posts/post", :collection => @posts %>可用下面代替   

<%= render(@posts) %>  


#<%= render :partial => "account" %>可用下面代替 

<%= render "account" %> 


#<%= render :partial => "account", :locals => { :account => @buyer } %>可用下面代替 

<%= render "account", :account => @buyer %> 


# @account是一条记录 

# <%= render :partial => "accounts/account", :locals => { :account => @account } %>可用下面代替 

<%= render(@account) %> 


# @posts是一组记录 

# <%= render :partial => "posts/post", :collection => @posts %>可用下面代替 

<%= render(@posts) %> 


10 layout 


Ruby代码  

<%# app/views/users/index.html.erb &>   

Here's the administrator:   

<%= render :partial => "user", :layout => "administrator", :locals => { :user => administrator } %>   

  

Here's the editor:   

<%= render :partial => "user", :layout => "editor", :locals => { :user => editor } %>   

  

<%# app/views/users/_user.html.erb &>   

Name: <%= user.name %>   

  

<%# app/views/users/_administrator.html.erb &>   

<div id="administrator">   

  Budget: $<%= user.budget %>   

  <%= yield %>   

</div>   

  

<%# app/views/users/_editor.html.erb &>   

<div id="editor">   

  Deadline: <%= user.deadline %>   

  <%= yield %>   

</div>