文章目录
前言
在我们构建离线数仓时或者迁移数据时,通常选用sqoop和datax等工具进行操作,sqoop和datax各有优点,datax优点也很明显,基于内存,所以速度上很快,那么在进行全量同步时编写json文件是一项很繁琐的事,是否可以编写脚本来把繁琐事来简单化,接下来我将分享这样一个mysql全量同步到hive自动生成json文件的python脚本。
一、展示脚本
# coding=utf-8
import json
import getopt
import os
import sys
import pymysql
# MySQL 相关配置,需根据实际情况作出修改
mysql_host = "XXXXXX"
mysql_port = "XXXX"
mysql_user = "XXX"
mysql_passwd = "XXXXXX"
# HDFS NameNode 相关配置,需根据实际情况作出修改
hdfs_nn_host = "XXXXXX"
hdfs_nn_port = "XXXX"
# 生成配置文件的目标路径,可根据实际情况作出修改
output_path = "/XXX/XXX/XXX"
def get_connection():
return pymysql.connect(host=mysql_host, port=int(mysql_port), user=mysql_user, password=mysql_passwd)
def get_mysql_meta(database, table):
connection = get_connection()
cursor = connection.cursor()
sql = "SELECT COLUMN_NAME,DATA_TYPE from information_schema.COLUMNS WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA=%s AND TABLE_NAME=%s ORDER BY ORDINAL_POSITION"
cursor.execute(sql, [database, table])
fetchall = cursor.fetchall()
cursor.close()
connection.close()
return fetchall
def get_mysql_columns(database, table):
return list(map(lambda x: x[0], get_mysql_meta(database, table)))
def get_hive_columns(database, table):
def type_mapping(mysql_type):
mappings = {
"bigint": "bigint",
"int": "bigint",
"smallint": "bigint",
"tinyint": "bigint",
"decimal": "string",
"double": "double",
"float": "float",
"binary": "string",
"char": "string",
"varchar": "string",
"datetime": "string",
"time": "string",
"timestamp": "string",
"date": "string",
"text": "string"
}
return mappings[mysql_type]
meta = get_mysql_meta(database, table)
return list(map(lambda x: {"name": x[0], "type": type_mapping(x[1].lower())}, meta))
def generate_json(source_database, source_table):
job = {
"job": {
"setting": {
"speed": {
"channel": 3
},
"errorLimit": {
"record": 0,
"percentage": 0.02
}
},
"content": [{
"reader": {
"name": "mysqlreader",
"parameter": {
"username": mysql_user,
"password": mysql_passwd,
"column": get_mysql_columns(source_database, source_table),
"splitPk": "",
"connection": [{
"table": [source_table],
"jdbcUrl": ["jdbc:mysql://" + mysql_host + ":" + mysql_port + "/" + source_database]
}]
}
},
"writer": {
"name": "hdfswriter",
"parameter": {
"defaultFS": "hdfs://" + hdfs_nn_host + ":" + hdfs_nn_port,
"fileType": "text",
"path": "${targetdir}",
"fileName": source_table,
"column": get_hive_columns(source_database, source_table),
"writeMode": "append",
"fieldDelimiter": "\t",
"compress": "gzip"
}
}
}]
}
}
if not os.path.exists(output_path):
os.makedirs(output_path)
with open(os.path.join(output_path, ".".join([source_database, source_table, "json"])), "w") as f:
json.dump(job, f)
def main(args):
source_database = ""
source_table = ""
options, arguments = getopt.getopt(args, '-d:-t:', ['sourcedb=', 'sourcetbl='])
for opt_name, opt_value in options:
if opt_name in ('-d', '--sourcedb'):
source_database = opt_value
if opt_name in ('-t', '--sourcetbl'):
source_table = opt_value
generate_json(source_database, source_table)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main(sys.argv[1:])
二、使用准备
1、安装python环境
这里我安装的是python3环境
sudo yum install -y python3
2、安装EPEL
EPEL(Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux)是一个由 Fedora Special Interest Group 维护的软件仓库,提供了大量在官方 RHEL 或 CentOS 软件仓库中没有的软件包。当你在 CentOS 或 RHEL 系统上需要安装一些不在官方软件仓库中的软件时,通常会先安装epel - release
sudo yum install -y epel-release
3、安装脚本执行需要的第三方模块
pip3 install pymysql
pip3 install cryptography
这里可能由于斑纹问题cryptography安装不上去更新一下pip和setuptools
pip3 install --upgrade pip
pip3 install --upgrade setuptools
重新安装cryptography
pip3 install cryptography
三、脚本使用方法
1、配置脚本
首先根据自己服务器修改脚本相关配置
2、创建.py文件
vim /xxx/xxx/xxx/gen_import_config.py
3、执行脚本
python3 /脚本路径/gen_import_config.py -d 数据库名 -t 表名
4、测试生成json文件是否可用
datax.py -p"-Dtargetdir=/表在hdfs存放路径" /生成的json文件路径
执行时首先要确保targetdir目标地址在hdfs上存在,如果没有需要创建后再次执行
标签:string,database,Python,hive,source,json,全量,mysql,table From: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_68076599/article/details/143166317