python操作mysql

1.数据库连接池

在操作数据库时需要使用数据库连接池。

pip3.9 install pymysql # 安装 pymysql
pip3.9 install dbutils # 安装 dbutils


import threading
import pymysql
from dbutils.pooled_db import PooledDB

MYSQL_DB_POOL = PooledDB(
    creator=pymysql,  # 使用链接数据库的模块
    maxconnections=5,  # 连接池允许的最大连接数，0和None表示不限制连接数
    mincached=2,  # 初始化时，链接池中至少创建的空闲的链接，0表示不创建
    maxcached=3,  # 链接池中最多闲置的链接，0和None不限制
    blocking=True,  # 连接池中如果没有可用连接后，是否阻塞等待。True，等待；False，不等待然后报错
    setsession=[],  # 开始会话前执行的命令列表。如：["set datestyle to ...", "set time zone ..."]
    ping=0,
    # ping MySQL服务端，检查是否服务可用。
    # 如：0 = None = never, 1 = default = whenever it is requested, 
    # 2 = when a cursor is created, 4 = when a query is executed, 7 = always
    host='127.0.0.1',
    port=3306,
    user='root',
    password='root123',
    database='userdb',
    charset='utf8'
)


def task():
    # 去连接池获取一个连接
    conn = MYSQL_DB_POOL.connection()
    cursor = conn.cursor(pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
    
    cursor.execute('select sleep(2)')
    result = cursor.fetchall()
    print(result)

    cursor.close()
    # 将连接交换给连接池
    conn.close()

def run():
    for i in range(10):
        t = threading.Thread(target=task)
        t.start()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    run()

2. pymysql db模版

# db.py
import pymysql
from dbutils.pooled_db import PooledDB


class DBHelper(object):

    def __init__(self):
        # TODO 此处配置，可以去配置文件中读取。
        self.pool = PooledDB(
            creator=pymysql,  # 使用链接数据库的模块
            maxconnections=5,  # 连接池允许的最大连接数，0和None表示不限制连接数
            mincached=2,  # 初始化时，链接池中至少创建的空闲的链接，0表示不创建
            maxcached=3,  # 链接池中最多闲置的链接，0和None不限制
            blocking=True,  # 连接池中如果没有可用连接后，是否阻塞等待。True，等待；False，不等待然后报错
            setsession=[],  # 开始会话前执行的命令列表。如：["set datestyle to ...", "set time zone ..."]
            ping=0,
            # ping MySQL服务端，检查是否服务可用。# 如：0 = None = never, 1 = default = whenever it is requested, 2 = when a cursor is created, 4 = when a query is executed, 7 = always
            host='127.0.0.1',
            port=3306,
            user='root',
            password='root123',
            database='userdb',
            charset='utf8'
        )

    def get_conn_cursor(self):
        conn = self.pool.connection()
        cursor = conn.cursor(pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
        return conn, cursor

    def close_conn_cursor(self, *args):
        for item in args:
            item.close()

    def exec(self, sql, **kwargs):
        conn, cursor = self.get_conn_cursor()

        cursor.execute(sql, kwargs)
        conn.commit()

        self.close_conn_cursor(conn, cursor)

    def fetch_one(self, sql, **kwargs):
        conn, cursor = self.get_conn_cursor()

        cursor.execute(sql, kwargs)
        result = cursor.fetchone()

        self.close_conn_cursor(conn, cursor)
        return result

    def fetch_all(self, sql, **kwargs):
        conn, cursor = self.get_conn_cursor()

        cursor.execute(sql, kwargs)
        result = cursor.fetchall()

        self.close_conn_cursor(conn, cursor)

        return result


db = DBHelper()

2.1 通过db模版操作数据库

from db import db

db.exec("insert into d1(name) values(%(name)s)", name="serein")

ret = db.fetch_one("select * from d1")
print(ret)

ret = db.fetch_one("select * from d1 where id=%(nid)s", nid=3)
print(ret)

ret = db.fetch_all("select * from d1")
print(ret)

ret = db.fetch_all("select * from d1 where id>%(nid)s", nid=2)
print(ret)

2.2 通过上下文管理操作数据库

with 获取连接：
执行SQL（执行完毕后，自动将连接交还给连接池）

# db_context.py
import threading
import pymysql
from dbutils.pooled_db import PooledDB

POOL = PooledDB(
    creator=pymysql,  # 使用链接数据库的模块
    maxconnections=5,  # 连接池允许的最大连接数，0和None表示不限制连接数
    mincached=2,  # 初始化时，链接池中至少创建的空闲的链接，0表示不创建
    maxcached=3,  # 链接池中最多闲置的链接，0和None不限制
    blocking=True,  # 连接池中如果没有可用连接后，是否阻塞等待。True，等待；False，不等待然后报错
    setsession=[],  # 开始会话前执行的命令列表。如：["set datestyle to ...", "set time zone ..."]
    ping=0,
    host='127.0.0.1',
    port=3306,
    user='root',
    password='root123',
    database='userdb',
    charset='utf8'
)


class Connect(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.conn = conn = POOL.connection()
        self.cursor = conn.cursor(pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)

    def __enter__(self):
        return self

    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
        self.cursor.close()
        self.conn.close()
		
    # 操作数据
    def exec(self, sql, **kwargs):
        self.cursor.execute(sql, kwargs)
        self.conn.commit()

    # 返回一行
    def fetch_one(self, sql, **kwargs):
        self.cursor.execute(sql, kwargs)
        result = self.cursor.fetchone()
        return result

    # 返回所有行
    def fetch_all(self, sql, **kwargs):
        self.cursor.execute(sql, kwargs)
        result = self.cursor.fetchall()
        return result

from db_context import Connect

with Connect() as obj:
    # print(obj.conn)
    # print(obj.cursor)
    ret = obj.fetch_one("select * from d1")
    print(ret)

    ret = obj.fetch_one("select * from d1 where id=%(id)s", id=3)
    print(ret)