1. Redis安装配置及开启自启
1.1 安装Redis依赖
Redis是基于C语言编写的，因此首先需要安装Redis所需要的gcc依赖：
yum install -y gcc tcl
1.2 安装Redis
获取Redis
cd /opt/
wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-6.2.6.tar.gz
解压Reids
# 解压到 /usr/local/src/ 目录下
tar -zxvf redis-6.2.6.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/
安装Redis
cd /usr/local/src/redis-6.2.6/
#运行编译命令
make && make install
如果没有出错，应该就安装成功了。
默认的安装路径是在 /usr/local/bin目录下：
该目录以及默认配置到环境变量，因此可以在任意目录下运行这些命令。其中：
- redis-cli：是redis提供的命令行客户端
- redis-server：是redis的服务端启动脚本
- redis-sentinel：是redis的哨兵启动脚本
1.3 Redis启动方式
默认启动
cd /usr/local/bin/
redis-server
这种启动属于前台启动，会阻塞整个会话窗口，窗口关闭或者按下CTRL + C则Redis停止。不推荐使用。
指定配置启动
如果要让Redis以后台方式启动，则必须修改Redis配置文件，就在我们之前解压的redis安装包下的redis.conf
我们先将这个配置文件备份一份：
cd /usr/local/src/redis-6.2.6/
cp redis.conf redis.conf.bck
然后修改redis.conf文件中的一些配置：
# 允许访问的地址，默认是127.0.0.1，会导致只能在本地访问。修改为0.0.0.0则可以在任意IP访问，生产环境不要设置为0.0.0.0
bind 0.0.0.0
# 守护进程，修改为yes后即可后台运行
daemonize yes
# 密码，设置后访问Redis必须输入密码
requirepass 123321
Redis的其它常见配置：
# 监听的端口
port 6379
# 工作目录，默认是当前目录，也就是运行redis-server时的命令，日志、持久化等文件会保存在这个目录
dir .
# 数据库数量，设置为1，代表只使用1个库，默认有16个库，编号0~15
databases 1
# 设置redis能够使用的最大内存
maxmemory 512mb
# 日志文件，默认为空，不记录日志，可以指定日志文件名
logfile "redis.log"
启动Redis：
redis-server /usr/local/src/redis-6.2.6/redis.conf
停止服务：
# 利用redis-cli来执行 shutdown 命令，即可停止 Redis 服务，
# 因为之前配置了密码，因此需要通过 -u 来指定密码
redis-cli -a 123321 shutdown
开机自启
通过配置来实现开机自启。
首先，新建一个系统服务文件：
vi /etc/systemd/system/redis.service
内容如下：
[Unit]
Description=redis-server
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/redis-server /usr/local/src/redis-6.2.6/redis.conf
PrivateTmp=true
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
设置开机自启：
#重载系统服务
systemctl daemon-reload
# 启动
systemctl start redis
# 停止
systemctl stop redis
# 重启
systemctl restart redis
# 查看状态
systemctl status redis
# 开机自启
systemctl enable redis
2.Redis客户端
安装完成Redis，我们就可以操作Redis，实现数据的CRUD了。这需要用到Redis客户端，包括：
- 命令行客户端
- 图形化桌面客户端
- 编程客户端
2.1.Redis命令行客户端
Redis安装完成后就自带了命令行客户端：redis-cli，使用方式如下：
redis-cli [options] [commonds]
其中常见的options有：
-h 127.0.0.1：指定要连接的redis节点的IP地址，默认是127.0.0.1-p 6379：指定要连接的redis节点的端口，默认是6379-a 123321：指定redis的访问密码
其中的commonds就是Redis的操作命令，例如：
ping：与redis服务端做心跳测试，服务端正常会返回pong
不指定commond时，会进入redis-cli的交互控制台：
2.2.图形化桌面客户端
下载后直接安装，点击即可连接Reids
注意Linux 需开启防火墙，云服务器还需开启云服务器防火墙
# 查看所有允许的防火墙端口
sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-all
# 添加 Redis 端口
sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=6379/tcp --permanent
# 重新加载
sudo firewall-cmd --reload
3.Redis命令
3.1Redis通用命令
KEYS
127.0.0.1:6379> help KEYS
KEYS pattern
summary: Find all keys matching the given pattern
since: 1.0.0
group: generic
pattern是一个用于匹配键的模式，可以包含通配符*和?。
示例：
-
获取所有键：
KEYS * -
获取以"mykey"开头的所有键：
KEYS mykey* -
获取以"my"开头且以"key"结尾的所有键：
KEYS my*key
注意事项：
KEYS命令在大型数据库中使用时可能会影响性能，因为它会阻塞Redis服务器，直到所有匹配的键都被迭代完毕。因此，在生产环境中，应谨慎使用KEYS命令。如果需求是获取某种特定类型的键，可以考虑使用更具体的命令，如SCAN或TYPE。- 可以使用
SCAN命令代替KEYS命令来逐步迭代匹配的键，以避免对Redis服务器的阻塞。
DEL
127.0.0.1:6379> help DEL
DEL key [key ...]
summary: Delete a key
since: 1.0.0
group: generic
其中，key是要删除的键的名称，可以同时指定多个键。
示例：
DEL mykey1 mykey2
如果删除成功，DEL命令将返回被删除键的数量。如果某个键不存在，将被视为已成功删除。如果所有的键都不存在，DEL命令将返回0。
需要注意的是，DEL命令是一个原子操作，即要么所有键都被删除，要么没有键被删除。
EXISTS
127.0.0.1:6379> help EXISTS
EXISTS key [key ...]
summary: Determine if a key exists
since: 1.0.0
group: generic
示例：
-
检查键名为"mykey"的键是否存在：
EXISTS mykey返回值为
1或0，表示键是否存在。 -
批量检查多个键是否存在：
EXISTS key1 key2 key3 ...可以一次性检查多个键的存在性，返回一个包含对应键的存在状态的数组。
请注意，EXISTS命令用于检查单个键的存在性，如果要检查多个键的存在性，可以使用MGET命令或者管道技术。
EXPIRE | TTL | PERSIST
127.0.0.1:6379> help EXPIRE
EXPIRE key seconds
summary: Set a key's time to live in seconds
since: 1.0.0
group: generic
127.0.0.1:6379> help TTL
TTL key
summary: Get the time to live for a key
since: 1.0.0
group: generic
127.0.0.1:6379> help PERSIST
PERSIST key
summary: Remove the expiration from a key
since: 2.2.0
group: generic
-
设置键的过期时间：
EXPIRE key secondskey是要设置过期时间的键名。seconds是键的过期时间，以秒为单位。在指定的秒数后，键将自动被删除。
示例：
EXPIRE mykey 60上述命令将mykey键设置为60秒后过期。
-
检查键的剩余生存时间：
TTL keykey是要检查的键名。
示例：
TTL mykey上述命令将返回mykey键的剩余生存时间（以秒为单位）。如果
键不存在或已过期，则返回-2；如果键存在但没有设置过期时间，则返回-1；否则返回键的剩余生存时间。 -
移除键的过期时间，使其永久保持：
PERSIST keykey是要移除过期时间的键名。
示例：
PERSIST mykey上述命令将移除mykey键的过期时间。
3.2 String类型
语法操作
127.0.0.1:6379> help @string
APPEND key value
summary: Append a value to a key
since: 2.0.0
BITCOUNT key [start end]
summary: Count set bits in a string
since: 2.6.0
BITFIELD key [GET type offset] [SET type offset value] [INCRBY type offset increment] [OVERFLOW WRAP|SAT|FAIL]
summary: Perform arbitrary bitfield integer operations on strings
since: 3.2.0
BITOP operation destkey key [key ...]
summary: Perform bitwise operations between strings
since: 2.6.0
bikey bit [start] [end]
summary: Find first bit set or clear in a string
since: 2.8.7
DECR key
summary: Decrement the integer value of a key by one
since: 1.0.0
DECRBY key decrement
summary: Decrement the integer value of a key by the given number
since: 1.0.0
GET key
summary: Get the value of a key
since: 1.0.0
GETBIT key offset
summary: Returns the bit value at offset in the string value stored at key
since: 2.2.0
GETDEL key
summary: Get the value of a key and delete the key
since: 6.2.0
GETEX key [EX seconds|PX milliseconds|EXAT timestamp|PXAT milliseconds-timestamp|PERSIST]
summary: Get the value of a key and optionally set its expiration
since: 6.2.0
GETRANGE key start end
summary: Get a substring of the string stored at a key
since: 2.4.0
GETSET key value
summary: Set the string value of a key and return its old value
since: 1.0.0
INCR key
summary: Increment the integer value of a key by one
since: 1.0.0
INCRBY key increment
summary: Increment the integer value of a key by the given amount
since: 1.0.0
INCRBYFLOAT key increment
summary: Increment the float value of a key by the given amount
since: 2.6.0
MGET key [key ...]
summary: Get the values of all the given keys
since: 1.0.0
MSET key value [key value ...]
summary: Set multiple keys to multiple values
since: 1.0.1
MSETNX key value [key value ...]
summary: Set multiple keys to multiple values, only if none of the keys exist
since: 1.0.1
PSETEX key milliseconds value
summary: Set the value and expiration in milliseconds of a key
since: 2.6.0
SET key value [EX seconds|PX milliseconds|EXAT timestamp|PXAT milliseconds-timestamp|KEEPTTL] [NX|XX] [GET]
summary: Set the string value of a key
since: 1.0.0
SETBIT key offset value
summary: Sets or clears the bit at offset in the string value stored at key
since: 2.2.0
SETEX key seconds value
summary: Set the value and expiration of a key
since: 2.0.0
SETNX key value
summary: Set the value of a key, only if the key does not exist
since: 1.0.0
SETRANGE key offset value
summary: Overwrite part of a string at key starting at the specified offset
since: 2.2.0
STRALGO LCS algo-specific-argument [algo-specific-argument ...]
summary: Run algorithms (currently LCS) against strings
since: 6.0.0
STRLEN key
summary: Get the length of the value stored in a key
since: 2.2.0
key的层级结构
推荐key格式：[项目名]:[业务名]:[类型]:[id]
127.0.0.1:6379> set xy:user:1 '{"id":1, "name":"Jack", "age": 21}'
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> set xy:user:2 '{"id":2, "name":"Rose", "age": 18}'
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> set xy:product:1 '{"id":1, "name":"小米11", "price": 4999}'
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> set xy:product:2 '{"id":2, "name":"荣耀6", "price": 2999}'
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> keys *
1) "xy:user:1"
2) "xy:user:2"
3) "xy:product:1"
4) "xy:product:2"
3.3 Hset类型
语法操作
127.0.0.1:6379> help @hash
HDEL key field [field ...]
summary: Delete one or more hash fields
since: 2.0.0
HEXISTS key field
summary: Determine if a hash field exists
since: 2.0.0
HGET key field
summary: Get the value of a hash field
since: 2.0.0
HGETALL key
summary: Get all the fields and values in a hash
since: 2.0.0
HINCRBY key field increment
summary: Increment the integer value of a hash field by the given number
since: 2.0.0
HINCRBYFLOAT key field increment
summary: Increment the float value of a hash field by the given amount
since: 2.6.0
HKEYS key
summary: Get all the fields in a hash
since: 2.0.0
HLEN key
summary: Get the number of fields in a hash
since: 2.0.0
HMGET key field [field ...]
summary: Get the values of all the given hash fields
since: 2.0.0
HMSET key field value [field value ...]
summary: Set multiple hash fields to multiple values
since: 2.0.0
HRANDFIELD key [count [WITHVALUES]]
summary: Get one or multiple random fields from a hash
since: 6.2.0
HSCAN key cursor [MATCH pattern] [COUNT count]
summary: Incrementally iterate hash fields and associated values
since: 2.8.0
HSET key field value [field value ...]
summary: Set the string value of a hash field
since: 2.0.0
HSETNX key field value
summary: Set the value of a hash field, only if the field does not exist
since: 2.0.0
HSTRLEN key field
summary: Get the length of the value of a hash field
since: 3.2.0
HVALS key
summary: Get all the values in a hash
since: 2.0.0
3.4 List类型
语法操作
127.0.0.1:6379> help @list
BLMOVE source destination LEFT|RIGHT LEFT|RIGHT timeout
summary: Pop an element from a list, push it to another list and return it; or block until one is available
since: 6.2.0
BLPOP key [key ...] timeout
summary: Remove and get the first element in a list, or block until one is available
since: 2.0.0
BRPOP key [key ...] timeout
summary: Remove and get the last element in a list, or block until one is available
since: 2.0.0
BRPOPLPUSH source destination timeout
summary: Pop an element from a list, push it to another list and return it; or block until one is available
since: 2.2.0
LINDEX key index
summary: Get an element from a list by its index
since: 1.0.0
LINSERT key BEFORE|AFTER pivot element
summary: Insert an element before or after another element in a list
since: 2.2.0
LLEN key
summary: Get the length of a list
since: 1.0.0
LMOVE source destination LEFT|RIGHT LEFT|RIGHT
summary: Pop an element from a list, push it to another list and return it
since: 6.2.0
LPOP key [count]
summary: Remove and get the first elements in a list
since: 1.0.0
LPOS key element [RANK rank] [COUNT num-matches] [MAXLEN len]
summary: Return the index of matching elements on a list
since: 6.0.6
LPUSH key element [element ...]
summary: Prepend one or multiple elements to a list
since: 1.0.0
LPUSHX key element [element ...]
summary: Prepend an element to a list, only if the list exists
since: 2.2.0
LRANGE key start stop
summary: Get a range of elements from a list
since: 1.0.0
LREM key count element
summary: Remove elements from a list
since: 1.0.0
LSET key index element
summary: Set the value of an element in a list by its index
since: 1.0.0
LTRIM key start stop
summary: Trim a list to the specified range
since: 1.0.0
RPOP key [count]
summary: Remove and get the last elements in a list
since: 1.0.0
RPOPLPUSH source destination
summary: Remove the last element in a list, prepend it to another list and return it
since: 1.2.0
RPUSH key element [element ...]
summary: Append one or multiple elements to a list
since: 1.0.0
RPUSHX key element [element ...]
summary: Append an element to a list, only if the list exists
since: 2.2.0
3.5 Set类型
语法介绍
127.0.0.1:6379> help @set
SADD key member [member ...]
summary: Add one or more members to a set
since: 1.0.0
SCARD key
summary: Get the number of members in a set
since: 1.0.0
SDIFF key [key ...]
summary: Subtract multiple sets
since: 1.0.0
SDIFFSTORE destination key [key ...]
summary: Subtract multiple sets and store the resulting set in a key
since: 1.0.0
SINTER key [key ...]
summary: Intersect multiple sets
since: 1.0.0
SINTERSTORE destination key [key ...]
summary: Intersect multiple sets and store the resulting set in a key
since: 1.0.0
SISMEMBER key member
summary: Determine if a given value is a member of a set
since: 1.0.0
SMEMBERS key
summary: Get all the members in a set
since: 1.0.0
SMISMEMBER key member [member ...]
summary: Returns the membership associated with the given elements for a set
since: 6.2.0
SMOVE source destination member
summary: Move a member from one set to another
since: 1.0.0
SPOP key [count]
summary: Remove and return one or multiple random members from a set
since: 1.0.0
SRANDMEMBER key [count]
summary: Get one or multiple random members from a set
since: 1.0.0
SREM key member [member ...]
summary: Remove one or more members from a set
since: 1.0.0
SSCAN key cursor [MATCH pattern] [COUNT count]
summary: Incrementally iterate Set elements
since: 2.8.0
SUNION key [key ...]
summary: Add multiple sets
since: 1.0.0
SUNIONSTORE destination key [key ...]
summary: Add multiple sets and store the resulting set in a key
since: 1.0.0
3.6 SortedSet类型
语法介绍
127.0.0.1:6379> help @sorted_set
BZPOPMAX key [key ...] timeout
summary: Remove and return the member with the highest score from one or more sorted sets, or block until one is available
since: 5.0.0
BZPOPMIN key [key ...] timeout
summary: Remove and return the member with the lowest score from one or more sorted sets, or block until one is available
since: 5.0.0
ZADD key [NX|XX] [GT|LT] [CH] [INCR] score member [score member ...]
summary: Add one or more members to a sorted set, or update its score if it already exists
since: 1.2.0
ZCARD key
summary: Get the number of members in a sorted set
since: 1.2.0
ZCOUNT key min max
summary: Count the members in a sorted set with scores within the given values
since: 2.0.0
ZDIFF numkeys key [key ...] [WITHSCORES]
summary: Subtract multiple sorted sets
since: 6.2.0
ZDIFFSTORE destination numkeys key [key ...]
summary: Subtract multiple sorted sets and store the resulting sorted set in a new key
since: 6.2.0
ZINCRBY key increment member
summary: Increment the score of a member in a sorted set
since: 1.2.0
ZINTER numkeys key [key ...] [WEIGHTS weight] [AGGREGATE SUM|MIN|MAX] [WITHSCORES]
summary: Intersect multiple sorted sets
since: 6.2.0
ZINTERSTORE destination numkeys key [key ...] [WEIGHTS weight] [AGGREGATE SUM|MIN|MAX]
summary: Intersect multiple sorted sets and store the resulting sorted set in a new key
since: 2.0.0
ZLEXCOUNT key min max
summary: Count the number of members in a sorted set between a given lexicographical range
since: 2.8.9
ZMSCORE key member [member ...]
summary: Get the score associated with the given members in a sorted set
since: 6.2.0
ZPOPMAX key [count]
summary: Remove and return members with the highest scores in a sorted set
since: 5.0.0
ZPOPMIN key [count]
summary: Remove and return members with the lowest scores in a sorted set
since: 5.0.0
ZRANDMEMBER key [count [WITHSCORES]]
summary: Get one or multiple random elements from a sorted set
since: 6.2.0
ZRANGE key min max [BYSCORE|BYLEX] [REV] [LIMIT offset count] [WITHSCORES]
summary: Return a range of members in a sorted set
since: 1.2.0
ZRANGEBYLEX key min max [LIMIT offset count]
summary: Return a range of members in a sorted set, by lexicographical range
since: 2.8.9
ZRANGEBYSCORE key min max [WITHSCORES] [LIMIT offset count]
summary: Return a range of members in a sorted set, by score
since: 1.0.5
ZRANGESTORE dst src min max [BYSCORE|BYLEX] [REV] [LIMIT offset count]
summary: Store a range of members from sorted set into another key
since: 6.2.0
ZRANK key member
summary: Determine the index of a member in a sorted set
since: 2.0.0
ZREM key member [member ...]
summary: Remove one or more members from a sorted set
since: 1.2.0
ZREMRANGEBYLEX key min max
summary: Remove all members in a sorted set between the given lexicographical range
since: 2.8.9
ZREMRANGEBYRANK key start stop
summary: Remove all members in a sorted set within the given indexes
since: 2.0.0
ZREMRANGEBYSCORE key min max
summary: Remove all members in a sorted set within the given scores
since: 1.2.0
ZREVRANGE key start stop [WITHSCORES]
summary: Return a range of members in a sorted set, by index, with scores ordered from high to low
since: 1.2.0
ZREVRANGEBYLEX key max min [LIMIT offset count]
summary: Return a range of members in a sorted set, by lexicographical range, ordered from higher to lower strings.
since: 2.8.9
ZREVRANGEBYSCORE key max min [WITHSCORES] [LIMIT offset count]
summary: Return a range of members in a sorted set, by score, with scores ordered from high to low
since: 2.2.0
ZREVRANK key member
summary: Determine the index of a member in a sorted set, with scores ordered from high to low
since: 2.0.0
ZSCAN key cursor [MATCH pattern] [COUNT count]
summary: Incrementally iterate sorted sets elements and associated scores
since: 2.8.0
ZSCORE key member
summary: Get the score associated with the given member in a sorted set
since: 1.2.0
ZUNION numkeys key [key ...] [WEIGHTS weight] [AGGREGATE SUM|MIN|MAX] [WITHSCORES]
summary: Add multiple sorted sets
since: 6.2.0
ZUNIONSTORE destination numkeys key [key ...] [WEIGHTS weight] [AGGREGATE SUM|MIN|MAX]
summary: Add multiple sorted sets and store the resulting sorted set in a new key
since: 2.0.0