二进制部署mysql

下载二进制格式的软件包

mysql包位置:(https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/)

 #下载地址mysql  选择5.7.39版本 linux 64位
 https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.7/mysql-5.7.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
 #将下载的软件包通过xftp工具传输至虚拟机
 #使用md5sum 对文件进行检测  查看是否完整
 [root@node2 ~]# ls
 anaconda-ks.cfg  mysql-5.7.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
 [root@node2 ~]# md5sum mysql-5.7.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz 
 79b971fc3e3368f2a1e07fbafae0b914  mysql-5.7.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
 [root@node2 ~]# 

创建用户和组

 [root@node2 ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin -u 306 mysql
 [root@node2 ~]# id mysql
 uid=306(mysql) gid=306(mysql) groups=306(mysql)
 [root@node2 ~]# 

解压软件至/usr/local/

      #tar xf解压至/usr/local
 [root@node2 ~]# tar xf mysql-5.7.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
 [root@node2 ~]# cd /usr/local/
 [root@node2 local]# ls
 bin  etc  games  include  lib  lib64  libexec  mysql-5.7.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64  sbin  share  src
 [root@node2 local]# ll
 total 0
 ...
 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 Jun 22  2021 lib
 drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root  17 Dec 13 15:19 lib64
 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 Jun 22  2021 libexec
 drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 129 Dec 29 18:14 mysql-5.7.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
 ...
 #mysql-5.7.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64目录做个软链接  可以直接使用mysql来查找
 [root@node2 local]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql-5.7.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
 [root@node2 local]# ll
 ...
 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root  46 Dec 29 18:16 mysql -> /usr/local/mysql-5.7.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
 drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 129 Dec 29 18:14 mysql-5.7.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
 ...

修改目录/usr/local/mysql的属主属组

 [root@node2 local]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql*
 [root@node2 local]# ll
 ...
 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 mysql mysql  46 Dec 29 14:16 mysql -> /usr/local/mysql-5.7.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
 drwxr-xr-x. 9 mysql mysql 129 Dec 29 14:13 mysql-5.7.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
 ...

设置环境变量

echo写入环境变量到/etc/profile.d/mysqld.sh

 [root@node2 local]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysqld.sh
 [root@node2 local]# source /etc/profile.d/mysqld.sh 
 [root@node2 local]# which mysql
 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql

设置映射关系

mysql里的include指向 /usr/include/mysqld

 [root@node2 local]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include /usr/include/mysqld

lib库文件需要让我们知道在哪

在/etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysqld.conf写入/usr/local/mysql/lib

 [root@node2 local]# vim /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysqld.conf
 /usr/local/mysql/lib
 [root@node2 local]# ldconfig 

设置man文档

修改/etc/man_db.conf

 #添加一行/usr/local/mysql/man
 [root@node2 local]# vim /etc/man_db.conf 
 ...
 MANDATORY_MANPATH                       /usr/man
 MANDATORY_MANPATH                       /usr/share/man
 MANDATORY_MANPATH                       /usr/local/share/man
 MANDATORY_MANPATH                       /usr/local/mysql/man
 ...

建立数据存放目录

 [root@node2 local]# mkdir -p /opt/data
 [root@node2 local]# chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/data/
 [root@node2 local]# ll /opt/
 total 0
 drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 6 Dec 29 14:37 data
 [root@node2 local]# 

初始化数据库

 [root@node2 local]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/opt/data/
 2022-12-29T10:32:51.361985Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
 2022-12-29T10:32:51.797907Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
 2022-12-29T10:32:51.858134Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
 2022-12-29T10:32:51.922226Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 25d0036c-8764-11ed-998a-000c2987473b.
 2022-12-29T10:32:51.923982Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
 2022-12-29T10:32:52.120715Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
 2022-12-29T10:32:52.120742Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1.1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
 2022-12-29T10:32:52.121096Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
 2022-12-29T10:32:52.188890Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: o&<k17Fa%nk. 
 #请注意，这个命令的最后会生成一个临时密码,临时密码只能使用一次
 [root@node2 local]# 

生成配置文件

 #如果有my.cnf文件 将其备份一份 再清空去修改
 #修改配置文件my.cnf
 [root@node2 etc]# vim /etc/my.cnf
 ​
 [mysqld]                      #指mysqld程序
 basedir = /usr/local/mysql    #basedir指安装目录
 datadir = /opt/data           #datadir数据存放位置
 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock      #套接字文件位置
 port = 3306                   #port端口号
 pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid#pid文件存放位置
 user = mysql                  #user用户
 skip-name-resolve             #跳过名称解析 通过内网地址访问
 skip-grant-tables
 sql-mode = STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION

配置服务启动脚本

 #在安装目录下的support-files支持文件 里面的mysql.server就是用来启动 是一个脚本文件
 [root@node2 etc]# cd /usr/local/mysql
 [root@node2 mysql]# ls
 bin  docs  include  lib  LICENSE  man  README  share  support-files
 [root@node2 mysql]# cd support-files/
 [root@node2 support-files]# ls
 magic  mysqld_multi.server  mysql-log-rotate  mysql.server
 [root@node2 support-files]# file mysql.server 
 mysql.server: POSIX shell script, ASCII text executable
 ​
 [root@node2 support-files]# vim mysql.server 
 ...
 # If you change base dir, you must also change datadir. These may get
 # overwritten by settings in the MySQL configuration files.
            #填写安装位置和数据存放位置
 basedir=/usr/local/mysql  
 datadir=/opt/data
 ...

启动mysql并设置开机自启

 [root@node2 support-files]# /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start
 Starting MySQL.Logging to '/opt/data/node2.err'.
  SUCCESS! 
 [root@node2 support-files]# ss -antl
 State     Recv-Q    Send-Q       Local Address:Port       Peer Address:Port   Process    
 LISTEN    0         128                0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*                 
 LISTEN    0         80                       *:3306                  *:*                 
 LISTEN    0         128                   [::]:22                 [::]:*                                  [::]:*                      
 [root@node2 support-files]#
 [root@node2 ~]# cp /usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service
 [root@node2 ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service
 ​
 [Unit]
 Description=mysqld server daemon
 After=network.target 
 ​
 [Service]
 Type=forking
 ​
 ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start  #设置启动start
 ExecStop=/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server stop    #设置停止stop
 ​
 [Install]
 WantedBy=multi-user.target
 [root@node2 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
 [root@node2 ~]# systemctl status mysqld
 ● mysqld.service - mysqld server daemon
    Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
    Active: inactive (dead)
 [root@node2 ~]# 
 #设置开机自启动
 [root@node2 ~]# systemctl enable --now mysqld
 Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mysqld.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service.
 [root@node2 ~]# systemctl status mysqld
 ● mysqld.service - mysqld server daemon
    Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disab>
    Active: active (running) since Thu 2022-12-29 19:04:23 CST; 9s ago
   Process: 999 ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start (code=exited,>
  Main PID: 1027 (mysqld_safe)
     Tasks: 28 (limit: 4723)
    Memory: 209.7M
    CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
            ├─1027 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/opt/data --pid-fil>
            └─1246 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/opt/>
 ​
 Dec 29 19:04:19 node2 systemd[1]: Starting mysqld server daemon...
 Dec 29 19:04:23 node2 mysql.server[999]: Starting MySQL.... SUCCESS!
 Dec 29 19:04:23 node2 systemd[1]: Started mysqld server daemon.
 ​
 [root@node2 ~]# ss -antl
 State       Recv-Q      Send-Q           Local Address:Port             Peer Address:Port      Process      
 LISTEN      0           128                    0.0.0.0:22                    0.0.0.0:*                      
 LISTEN      0           80                           *:3306                        *:*                      
 LISTEN      0           128                       [::]:22                       [::]:*                      
 [root@node2 ~]# 

使用临时密码登录并修改密码

 [root@node2 ~]# yum provides libncurses.so.5   #安装libncurses.so.5 
 Last metadata expiration check: 1:47:21 ago on Thu 29 Dec 2022 01:49:44 PM CST.
 ncurses-compat-libs-6.1-7.20180224.el8.i686 : Ncurses compatibility libraries
 Repo        : baseos
 Matched from:
 Provide    : libncurses.so.5
 ​
 ncurses-compat-libs-6.1-9.20180224.el8.i686 : Ncurses compatibility libraries
 Repo        : baseos
 Matched from:
 Provide    : libncurses.so.5
 [root@node2 ~]# yum -y install ncurses-compat-libs
 Last metadata expiration check: 1:48:27 ago on Thu 29 Dec 2022 06:45:35 PM CST.
 Dependencies resolved.
 ============================================================================================================
 ...
 Complete!
 [root@node2 ~]# mysql -uroot -p'o&<k17Fa%nk.'     #使用临时密码登录
 mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
 Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
 Your MySQL connection id is 2
 Server version: 5.7.39 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
 ​
 Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
 ​
 Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
 affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
 owners.
 ​
 Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
 ​
 mysql> use mysql;
 Database changed
 mysql> select host,user from user;
 +-----------+---------------+
 | host      | user          |
 +-----------+---------------+
 | localhost | mysql.session |
 | localhost | mysql.sys     |
 | localhost | root          |
 +-----------+---------------+
 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 ​
 mysql> set password for 'root'@'localhost' =password('mashuangle123!'); #修改密码
 Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
 ​
 mysql> quit
 Bye
 [root@node2 ~]# mysql -uroot -pmashuang123le!
 mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
 Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
 Your MySQL connection id is 4
 Server version: 5.7.39 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
 ​
 Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
 ​
 Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
 affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
 owners.
 ​
 Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
 ​
 mysql>