C++ 核心代码

C++ 核心代码通常指一些基础、常用的代码片段，可以用于各种C++项目中，包括输入输出、基本数据结构、算法实现等。下面是一些典型的 C++ 核心代码示例：

 1. 基本输入输出

cpp
include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    int a, b;
    cout << "Enter two numbers: ";
    cin >> a >> b;
    cout << "Sum: " << (a + b) << endl;
    return 0;
}


 2. 使用函数

cpp
include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int add(int x, int y) {
    return x + y;
}

int main() {
    int a = 5, b = 10;
    cout << "Sum: " << add(a, b) << endl;
    return 0;
}


 3. 类与对象

cpp
include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Rectangle {
public:
    int width, height;

    Rectangle(int w, int h) : width(w), height(h) {}

    int area() {
        return width * height;
    }
};

int main() {
    Rectangle rect(5, 10);
    cout << "Area: " << rect.area() << endl;
    return 0;
}


 4. 使用向量（std::vector）

cpp
include <iostream>
include <vector>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    vector<int> numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
    for (int num : numbers) {
        cout << num << " ";
    }
    cout << endl;
    return 0;
}


 5. 排序算法示例（std::sort）

cpp
include <iostream>
include <algorithm>
include <vector>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    vector<int> nums = {5, 3, 8, 1, 2};
    sort(nums.begin(), nums.end());
    for (int num : nums) {
        cout << num << " ";
    }
    cout << endl;
    return 0;
}


 6. 指针和动态内存分配

cpp
include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    int* p = new int(10); // 动态分配内存
    cout << "Value: " << *p << endl;
    delete p; // 释放内存
    return 0;
}


 7. 模板函数

cpp
include <iostream>
using namespace std;

template <typename T>
T add(T x, T y) {
    return x + y;
}

int main() {
    cout << "Int Sum: " << add(3, 5) << endl;
    cout << "Double Sum: " << add(3.5, 5.5) << endl;
    return 0;
}


 8. 异常处理

cpp
include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int divide(int a, int b) {
    if (b == 0) {
        throw runtime_error("Division by zero!");
    }
    return a / b;
}

int main() {
    try {
        cout << "Result: " << divide(10, 0) << endl;
    } catch (const runtime_error& e) {
        cout << "Error: " << e.what() << endl;
    }
    return 0;
}


这些代码片段展示了 C++ 核心编程中的一些基本概念。掌握这些基础知识能帮助你在 C++ 编程中打好扎实的基础。