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程序设计实验3

时间:2024-11-10 22:59:15浏览次数:1  
标签:std const string int void 实验 程序设计 include

任务1

task1.cpp

 1 #include "window.hpp"
 2 #include <iostream>
 3 
 4 using std::cout;
 5 using std::cin;
 6 
 7 void test() {
 8     Window w1("new window");
 9     w1.add_button("maximize");
10     w1.display();
11     w1.close();
12 }
13 
14 int main() {
15     cout << "用组合类模拟简单GUI:\n";
16     test();
17 }
task1.cpp

button.hpp

 1 #pragma once
 2 
 3 #include <iostream>
 4 #include <string>
 5 
 6 using std::string;
 7 using std::cout;
 8 
 9 // 按钮类
10 class Button {
11 public:
12     Button(const string &text);
13     string get_label() const;
14     void click();
15 
16 private:
17     string label;
18 };
19 
20 Button::Button(const string &text): label{text} {
21 }
22 
23 inline string Button::get_label() const {
24     return label;
25 }
26 
27 void Button::click() {
28     cout << "Button '" << label << "' clicked\n";
29 }
button.hpp

window.hpp

 1 #pragma once
 2 #include "button.hpp"
 3 #include <vector>
 4 #include <iostream>
 5 
 6 using std::vector;
 7 using std::cout;
 8 using std::endl;
 9 
10 // 窗口类
11 class Window{
12 public:
13     Window(const string &win_title);
14     void display() const;
15     void close();
16     void add_button(const string &label);
17 
18 private:
19     string title;
20     vector<Button> buttons;
21 };
22 
23 Window::Window(const string &win_title): title{win_title} {
24     buttons.push_back(Button("close"));
25 }
26 
27 inline void Window::display() const {
28     string s(40, '*');
29 
30     cout << s << endl;
31     cout << "window title: " << title << endl;
32     cout << "It has " << buttons.size() << " buttons: " << endl;
33     for(const auto &i: buttons)
34         cout << i.get_label() << " button" << endl;
35     cout << s << endl;
36 }
37 
38 void Window::close() {
39     cout << "close window '" << title << "'" << endl;
40     buttons.at(0).click();
41 }
42 
43 void Window::add_button(const string &label) {
44     buttons.push_back(Button(label));
45 }
window.hpp

代码运行截图:

问题1:新定义了button和window两个类,使用了string和vector标准库中的函数,并且window定义在button的基础上

问题2:我认为有些函数没有必要添加const或者inline,例如void click();此函数只需简单输出,多此一举意义不大,并且此处变量没有进行初始化。

问题3:string s(40,“*”);的功能是一行元素全为“*”的字符串,在此代码中起到分隔页面的作用。

任务2

task2.cpp

 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include <vector>
 3 
 4 using namespace std;
 5 
 6 void output1(const vector<int> &v) {
 7     for(auto &i: v)
 8         cout << i << ", ";
 9     cout << "\b\b \n";
10 }
11 
12 void output2(const vector<vector<int>> v) {
13     for(auto &i: v) {
14         for(auto &j: i)
15             cout << j << ", ";
16         cout << "\b\b \n";
17     }
18 }
19 
20 void test1() {
21     vector<int> v1(5, 42);
22     const vector<int> v2(v1);
23 
24     v1.at(0) = -999;
25     cout << "v1: ";  output1(v1);
26     cout << "v2: ";  output1(v2);
27     cout << "v1.at(0) = " << v1.at(0) << endl;
28     cout << "v2.at(0) = " << v2.at(0) << endl;
29 }
30 
31 void test2() {
32     vector<vector<int>> v1{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6, 7}};
33     const vector<vector<int>> v2(v1);
34 
35     v1.at(0).push_back(-999);
36     cout << "v1: \n";  output2(v1);
37     cout << "v2: \n";  output2(v2);
38 
39     vector<int> t1 = v1.at(0);
40     cout << t1.at(t1.size()-1) << endl;
41     
42     const vector<int> t2 = v2.at(0);
43     cout << t2.at(t2.size()-1) << endl;
44 }
45 
46 int main() {
47     cout << "测试1:\n";
48     test1();
49 
50     cout << "\n测试2:\n";
51     test2();
52 }
task2.cpp

代码运行截图:

问题1:line21作用是定义一个int类型容器,大小为5,容器元素为42.   line22作用是在初始化v1的条件下进行复制。line24作用是将v1中下标为0的元素替换为-999.

问题2:line32作用是定义一个二维容器v1,并且给出第一行和第二行元素。line33作用是复制v1。line35作用是在v1的第0行末尾再添加一个元素-999.

问题3:line39作用是定义一个t1为v1的第0行,line40作用是输出t1末尾元素,line42作用是定义一个const容器t2为v2第0行,line43输出t2末尾元素。

问题4:(1)深复制 (2)需要

任务3

task3.cpp

 1 #include "vectorInt.hpp"
 2 #include <iostream>
 3 
 4 using std::cin;
 5 using std::cout;
 6 
 7 void output(const vectorInt &vi) {
 8     for(auto i = 0; i < vi.get_size(); ++i)
 9         cout << vi.at(i) << ", ";
10     cout << "\b\b \n";
11 }
12 
13 
14 void test1() {
15     int n;
16     cout << "Enter n: ";
17     cin >> n;
18 
19     vectorInt x1(n);
20     for(auto i = 0; i < n; ++i)
21         x1.at(i) = i*i;
22     cout << "x1: ";  output(x1);
23 
24     vectorInt x2(n, 42);
25     vectorInt x3(x2);
26     x2.at(0) = -999;
27     cout << "x2: ";  output(x2);
28     cout << "x3: ";  output(x3);
29 }
30 
31 void test2() {
32     const vectorInt  x(5, 42);
33     vectorInt y(10, 0);
34 
35     cout << "y: ";  output(y);
36     y.assign(x);
37     cout << "y: ";  output(y);
38     
39     cout << "x.at(0) = " << x.at(0) << endl;
40     cout << "y.at(0) = " << y.at(0) << endl;
41 }
42 
43 int main() {
44     cout << "测试1: \n";
45     test1();
46 
47     cout << "\n测试2: \n";
48     test2();
49 }
task3.cpp

vectorInt.hpp

 1 #pragma once
 2 
 3 #include <iostream>
 4 #include <cassert>
 5 
 6 using std::cout;
 7 using std::endl;
 8 
 9 // 动态int数组对象类
10 class vectorInt{
11 public:
12     vectorInt(int n);
13     vectorInt(int n, int value);
14     vectorInt(const vectorInt &vi);
15     ~vectorInt();
16 
17     int& at(int index);
18     const int& at(int index) const;
19 
20     vectorInt& assign(const vectorInt &v);
21     int get_size() const;
22 
23 private:
24     int size;
25     int *ptr;       // ptr指向包含size个int的数组
26 };
27 
28 vectorInt::vectorInt(int n): size{n}, ptr{new int[size]} {
29 }
30 
31 vectorInt::vectorInt(int n, int value): size{n}, ptr{new int[size]} {
32     for(auto i = 0; i < size; ++i)
33         ptr[i] = value;
34 }
35 
36 vectorInt::vectorInt(const vectorInt &vi): size{vi.size}, ptr{new int[size]} {
37     for(auto i = 0; i < size; ++i)
38         ptr[i] = vi.ptr[i];
39 }
40 
41 vectorInt::~vectorInt() {
42     delete [] ptr;
43 }
44 
45 const int& vectorInt::at(int index) const {
46     assert(index >= 0 && index < size);
47 
48     return ptr[index];
49 }
50 
51 int& vectorInt::at(int index) {
52     assert(index >= 0 && index < size);
53 
54     return ptr[index];
55 }
56 
57 vectorInt& vectorInt::assign(const vectorInt &v) {  
58     delete[] ptr;       // 释放对象中ptr原来指向的资源
59 
60     size = v.size;
61     ptr = new int[size];
62 
63     for(int i = 0; i < size; ++i)
64         ptr[i] = v.ptr[i];
65 
66     return *this;
67 }
68 
69 int vectorInt::get_size() const {
70     return size;
71 }
vectorInt.hpp

代码运行截图:

问题1:深复制

问题2:修改后会产生如下报错:// [Error] lvalue required as left operand of assignment//,程序无法正常运行,删除const后可能会导致数据泄露.

问题3:不可以,违背标准库设计,返回值类型被改变。

任务4

matrix.hpp

 1 #pragma once
 2 
 3 #include <iostream>
 4 #include <cassert>
 5 
 6 using std::cout;
 7 using std::endl;
 8 
 9 // 类Matrix的声明
10 class Matrix {
11 public:
12     Matrix(int n, int m);           // 构造函数,构造一个n*m的矩阵, 初始值为value
13     Matrix(int n);                  // 构造函数,构造一个n*n的矩阵, 初始值为value
14     Matrix(const Matrix &x);        // 复制构造函数, 使用已有的矩阵X构造
15     ~Matrix();
16 
17     void set(const double *pvalue);         // 用pvalue指向的连续内存块数据按行为矩阵赋值
18     void clear();                           // 把矩阵对象的值置0
19     
20     const double& at(int i, int j) const;   // 返回矩阵对象索引(i,j)的元素const引用
21     double& at(int i, int j);               // 返回矩阵对象索引(i,j)的元素引用
22     
23     int get_lines() const;                  // 返回矩阵对象行数
24     int get_cols() const;                   // 返回矩阵对象列数
25 
26     void display() const;                    // 按行显示矩阵对象元素值
27 
28 private:
29     int lines;      // 矩阵对象内元素行数
30     int cols;       // 矩阵对象内元素列数
31     double *ptr;
32 };
33 
34 // 类Matrix的实现:待补足
35 Matrix::Matrix(int n, int m) :lines(n), cols(m), ptr(new double[n * m]()) {}
36 
37 Matrix::Matrix(int n) : lines(n), cols(n), ptr(new double[n * n]()) {}
38 
39 Matrix::Matrix(const Matrix& x) : lines(x.lines), cols(x.cols), ptr(new double[lines * cols]()) {
40     for (int i = 0; i < lines * cols; i++)
41         ptr[i] = x.ptr[i];
42 
43 }
44 
45 Matrix::~Matrix() {
46     delete[] ptr;
47 
48 }
49 
50 void Matrix::set(const double* pvalue) {
51     for (int i = 0; i < lines * cols; i++)
52         ptr[i] = pvalue[i];
53 
54 }
55 
56 void Matrix::clear() {
57     for (int i = 0; i < lines * cols; i++)
58         ptr[i] = 0.0;
59 
60 }
61 
62 const double& Matrix::at(int i, int j) const
63 {
64     assert(i >= 0 && i < lines && j >= 0 && j < cols);
65     return ptr[i * cols + j];
66 }
67 
68 double& Matrix::at(int i, int j)
69 {
70     assert(i >= 0 && i < lines && j >= 0 && j < cols);
71     return ptr[i * cols + j];
72 }
73 
74 int Matrix::get_lines() const {
75     return lines;
76 }
77 
78 int Matrix::get_cols() const {
79     return cols;
80 
81 }
82 
83 void Matrix::display() const {
84     for (int i = 0; i < lines; i++) {
85         for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
86             cout << at(i, j) << " ";
87 
88         }
89         cout << endl;
90     }
91 }
matrix.hpp

task4.cpp

 1 #include "matrix.hpp"
 2 #include <iostream>
 3 #include <cassert>
 4 
 5 using std::cin;
 6 using std::cout;
 7 using std::endl;
 8 
 9 
10 const int N = 1000;
11 
12 // 输出矩阵对象索引为index所在行的所有元素
13 void output(const Matrix &m, int index) {
14     assert(index >= 0 && index < m.get_lines());
15 
16     for(auto j = 0; j < m.get_cols(); ++j)
17         cout << m.at(index, j) << ", ";
18     cout << "\b\b \n";
19 }
20 
21 
22 void test1() {
23     double x[1000] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9};
24 
25     int n, m;
26     cout << "Enter n and m: ";
27     cin >> n >> m;
28 
29     Matrix m1(n, m);    // 创建矩阵对象m1, 大小n×m
30     m1.set(x);          // 用一维数组x的值按行为矩阵m1赋值
31 
32     Matrix m2(m, n);    // 创建矩阵对象m1, 大小m×n
33     m2.set(x);          // 用一维数组x的值按行为矩阵m1赋值
34 
35     Matrix m3(2);       // 创建一个2×2矩阵对象
36     m3.set(x);          // 用一维数组x的值按行为矩阵m4赋值
37 
38     cout << "矩阵对象m1: \n";   m1.display();  cout << endl;
39     cout << "矩阵对象m2: \n";   m2.display();  cout << endl;
40     cout << "矩阵对象m3: \n";   m3.display();  cout << endl;
41 }
42 
43 void test2() {
44     Matrix m1(2, 3);
45     m1.clear();
46     
47     const Matrix m2(m1);
48     m1.at(0, 0) = -999;
49 
50     cout << "m1.at(0, 0) = " << m1.at(0, 0) << endl;
51     cout << "m2.at(0, 0) = " << m2.at(0, 0) << endl;
52     cout << "矩阵对象m1第0行: "; output(m1, 0);
53     cout << "矩阵对象m2第0行: "; output(m2, 0);
54 }
55 
56 int main() {
57     cout << "测试1: \n";
58     test1();
59 
60     cout << "测试2: \n";
61     test2();
62 }
task4.cpp

代码运行截图:

任务5

user.hpp

 1 #pragma once
 2 #include <iostream>
 3 #include <string>
 4 
 5 using namespace std;
 6 
 7 class User
 8 {
 9 public:
10     User(string name, string password = "123456", string email = "");
11     void set_email();
12     void change_password();
13     void display() const;
14 
15 private:
16     string name;
17     string password;
18     string email;
19 };
20 User::User(string name, string password, string email) : name{ name }, password{ password }, email{ email } {}
21 void User::set_email()
22 {
23     string input;
24     do
25     {
26         cout << "请输入邮箱: ";
27         getline(cin, input);
28         // 简单的邮箱合法性校验
29         if (input.find('@') != string::npos)
30         {
31             email = input;
32         }
33         else
34         {
35             cout << "非法邮箱,请输入包含@的邮箱。" << endl;
36         }
37     } while (input.find('@') == string::npos);
38 }
39 void User::change_password()
40 {
41     string old_password;
42     int attempts = 0;
43     while (attempts < 3)
44     {
45         cout << "请输入旧密码: ";
46         cin >> old_password;
47         if (old_password == password)
48         {
49             string new_password;
50             cout << "请输入新密码: ";
51             cin >> new_password;
52             password = new_password;
53             return;
54         }
55         else
56         {
57             cout << "密码错误。" << endl;
58             attempts++;
59             if (attempts == 3)
60             {
61                 cout << "连续三次输入错误,稍后再试。" << endl;
62             }
63         }
64     }
65 }
66 void User::display() const
67 {
68     cout << "用户名: " << name << endl;
69     cout << "密码: " << string(password.length(), '*') << endl;
70     cout << "邮箱: " << email << endl;
71 }
user.hpp

task5.cpp

 1 #include "user.hpp"
 2 #include <iostream>
 3 #include <string>
 4 #include <vector>
 5 
 6 using std::cin;
 7 using std::cout;
 8 using std::endl;
 9 using std::string;
10 using std::vector;
11 
12 void test()
13 {
14     vector<User> user_lst;
15 
16     User u1("Alice", "2024113", "[email protected]");
17     user_lst.push_back(u1);
18     cout << endl;
19 
20     User u2("Bob");
21     u2.set_email();
22     u2.change_password();
23     user_lst.push_back(u2);
24     cout << endl;
25 
26     User u3("Hellen");
27     u3.set_email();
28     u3.change_password();
29     user_lst.push_back(u3);
30     cout << endl;
31 
32     cout << "There are " << user_lst.size() << " users. they are: " << endl;
33     for (auto& i : user_lst)
34     {
35         i.display();
36         cout << endl;
37     }
38 }
39 
40 int main()
41 {
42     test();
43 }
task5.cpp

代码运行截图:

任务6

date.h

 1 #pragma once
 2 class Date {
 3 private:
 4     int year; int month; int day; int totalDays;
 5 public:
 6     Date(int year, int month, int day);
 7     int getYear()const { return year; }
 8     int getMonth()const { return month; }
 9     int getDay()const { return day; }
10     int getMaxDay()const;
11     bool isLeapYear()const {
12         return year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0 || year % 400 == 0;
13     }
14     void show()const;
15     int distance(const Date& date)const {
16         return totalDays - date.totalDays;
17     }
18 };
date.h

date.cpp

 1 #include"date.h"
 2 #include<iostream>
 3 #include<cstdlib>
 4 using namespace std;
 5 namespace {
 6     const int DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[] = { 0,31,59,90,120,151,181,212,243,273,304,334,365 };
 7 }
 8 Date::Date(int year, int month, int day) : year(year), month(month), day(day) {
 9     if (day <= 0 || day > getMaxDay()) {
10         cout << "Invalid date:";
11         show();
12         cout << endl;
13         exit(1);
14     }
15     int years = year - 1;
16     totalDays = years * 365 + years / 4 - years / 100 + years / 400 + DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1] + day;
17     if (isLeapYear() && month > 2)totalDays++;
18 }
19 int Date::getMaxDay()const {
20     if (isLeapYear() && month == 2)
21         return 29;
22     else
23         return DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month] - DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1];
24 }
25 void Date::show()const {
26     cout << getYear() << "-" << getMonth() << "-" << getDay();
27 }
date.cpp

account.h

 1 #include"date.h"
 2 #include<string>
 3 class SavingsAccount {
 4 private:
 5     std::string id;
 6     double balance;
 7     double rate;
 8     Date lastDate;
 9     double accumulation;
10     static double total;
11     void record(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc);
12     void error(const std::string& msg)const;
13     double accumulate(const Date& date)const {
14         return accumulation + balance * date.distance(lastDate);
15     }
16 public:
17     SavingsAccount(const Date& date, const std::string& id, double rate);
18     const std::string& getId()const { return id; }
19     double getBalance()const { return balance; }
20     double getRate()const { return rate; }
21     static double getTotal() { return total; }
22     void deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc);
23     void withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc);
24     void settle(const Date& date);
25     void show()const;
26 };
account.h

account.cpp

 1 #include"account.h"
 2 #include<cmath>
 3 #include<iostream>
 4 using namespace std;
 5 double SavingsAccount::total = 0;
 6 
 7 SavingsAccount::SavingsAccount(const Date& date, const string& id, double rate) :id(id), balance(0), rate(rate), lastDate(date), accumulation(0) {
 8     date.show();
 9     cout << "\t#" << id << "created" << endl;
10 }
11 void SavingsAccount::record(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc) {
12     accumulation = accumulate(date);
13     lastDate = date;
14     amount = floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100;
15     balance += amount;
16     total += amount;
17     date.show();
18     cout << "\t#" << id << "\t" << amount << "\t" << balance << "\t" << desc << endl;
19 }
20 void SavingsAccount::error(const std::string& msg)const {
21     cout << "Error(#" << id << ");" << msg << endl;
22 }
23 void SavingsAccount::deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc) {
24     record(date, amount, desc);
25 }
26 void SavingsAccount::withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc) {
27     if (amount > getBalance())
28     {
29         error("not enough money");
30     }
31     else
32         record(date, -amount, desc);
33 }
34 void SavingsAccount::settle(const Date& date) {
35     double interest = accumulate(date) * rate / date.distance(Date(date.getYear() - 1, 1, 1));
36     if (interest != 0)
37         record(date, interest, "interest");
38     accumulation = 0;
39 }
40 void SavingsAccount::show()const {
41     cout << id << "\tBalance:" << balance;
42 }
account.cpp

test.cpp

 1 #include"account.h"
 2 #include<iostream>
 3 using namespace std;
 4 int main()
 5 {
 6     Date date(2008, 11, 1);
 7     SavingsAccount accounts[] = {
 8         SavingsAccount(date,"03755217",0.015),
 9         SavingsAccount(date,"02342342",0.015)
10     };
11     const int n = sizeof(accounts) / sizeof(SavingsAccount);
12     accounts[0].deposit(Date(2008, 11, 5), 5000, "salary");
13     accounts[1].deposit(Date(2008, 11, 25), 10000, "sell stock 0323");
14 
15     accounts[0].deposit(Date(2008, 12, 5), 5500, "salary");
16     accounts[1].withdraw(Date(2008, 12, 20), 4000, "buy a laptop");
17 
18     cout << endl;
19     for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
20     {
21         accounts[i].settle(Date(2009, 1, 1));
22         accounts[i].show();
23         cout << endl;
24     }
25     cout << "Total:" << SavingsAccount::getTotal() << endl;
26     return 0;
27 }
test.cpp

代码运行截图:

 

标签:std,const,string,int,void,实验,程序设计,include
From: https://www.cnblogs.com/DREAMSRING/p/18525832

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