首页 > 编程语言 >程序设计实验3

程序设计实验3

时间:2024-11-10 22:59:15浏览次数:4  
标签:std const string int void 实验 程序设计 include

任务1

task1.cpp

 1 #include "window.hpp"
 2 #include <iostream>
 3 
 4 using std::cout;
 5 using std::cin;
 6 
 7 void test() {
 8     Window w1("new window");
 9     w1.add_button("maximize");
10     w1.display();
11     w1.close();
12 }
13 
14 int main() {
15     cout << "用组合类模拟简单GUI:\n";
16     test();
17 }
task1.cpp

button.hpp

 1 #pragma once
 2 
 3 #include <iostream>
 4 #include <string>
 5 
 6 using std::string;
 7 using std::cout;
 8 
 9 // 按钮类
10 class Button {
11 public:
12     Button(const string &text);
13     string get_label() const;
14     void click();
15 
16 private:
17     string label;
18 };
19 
20 Button::Button(const string &text): label{text} {
21 }
22 
23 inline string Button::get_label() const {
24     return label;
25 }
26 
27 void Button::click() {
28     cout << "Button '" << label << "' clicked\n";
29 }
button.hpp

window.hpp

 1 #pragma once
 2 #include "button.hpp"
 3 #include <vector>
 4 #include <iostream>
 5 
 6 using std::vector;
 7 using std::cout;
 8 using std::endl;
 9 
10 // 窗口类
11 class Window{
12 public:
13     Window(const string &win_title);
14     void display() const;
15     void close();
16     void add_button(const string &label);
17 
18 private:
19     string title;
20     vector<Button> buttons;
21 };
22 
23 Window::Window(const string &win_title): title{win_title} {
24     buttons.push_back(Button("close"));
25 }
26 
27 inline void Window::display() const {
28     string s(40, '*');
29 
30     cout << s << endl;
31     cout << "window title: " << title << endl;
32     cout << "It has " << buttons.size() << " buttons: " << endl;
33     for(const auto &i: buttons)
34         cout << i.get_label() << " button" << endl;
35     cout << s << endl;
36 }
37 
38 void Window::close() {
39     cout << "close window '" << title << "'" << endl;
40     buttons.at(0).click();
41 }
42 
43 void Window::add_button(const string &label) {
44     buttons.push_back(Button(label));
45 }
window.hpp

代码运行截图:

问题1:新定义了button和window两个类,使用了string和vector标准库中的函数,并且window定义在button的基础上

问题2:我认为有些函数没有必要添加const或者inline,例如void click();此函数只需简单输出,多此一举意义不大,并且此处变量没有进行初始化。

问题3:string s(40,“*”);的功能是一行元素全为“*”的字符串,在此代码中起到分隔页面的作用。

任务2

task2.cpp

 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include <vector>
 3 
 4 using namespace std;
 5 
 6 void output1(const vector<int> &v) {
 7     for(auto &i: v)
 8         cout << i << ", ";
 9     cout << "\b\b \n";
10 }
11 
12 void output2(const vector<vector<int>> v) {
13     for(auto &i: v) {
14         for(auto &j: i)
15             cout << j << ", ";
16         cout << "\b\b \n";
17     }
18 }
19 
20 void test1() {
21     vector<int> v1(5, 42);
22     const vector<int> v2(v1);
23 
24     v1.at(0) = -999;
25     cout << "v1: ";  output1(v1);
26     cout << "v2: ";  output1(v2);
27     cout << "v1.at(0) = " << v1.at(0) << endl;
28     cout << "v2.at(0) = " << v2.at(0) << endl;
29 }
30 
31 void test2() {
32     vector<vector<int>> v1{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6, 7}};
33     const vector<vector<int>> v2(v1);
34 
35     v1.at(0).push_back(-999);
36     cout << "v1: \n";  output2(v1);
37     cout << "v2: \n";  output2(v2);
38 
39     vector<int> t1 = v1.at(0);
40     cout << t1.at(t1.size()-1) << endl;
41     
42     const vector<int> t2 = v2.at(0);
43     cout << t2.at(t2.size()-1) << endl;
44 }
45 
46 int main() {
47     cout << "测试1:\n";
48     test1();
49 
50     cout << "\n测试2:\n";
51     test2();
52 }
task2.cpp

代码运行截图:

问题1:line21作用是定义一个int类型容器,大小为5,容器元素为42.   line22作用是在初始化v1的条件下进行复制。line24作用是将v1中下标为0的元素替换为-999.

问题2:line32作用是定义一个二维容器v1,并且给出第一行和第二行元素。line33作用是复制v1。line35作用是在v1的第0行末尾再添加一个元素-999.

问题3:line39作用是定义一个t1为v1的第0行,line40作用是输出t1末尾元素,line42作用是定义一个const容器t2为v2第0行,line43输出t2末尾元素。

问题4:(1)深复制 (2)需要

任务3

task3.cpp

 1 #include "vectorInt.hpp"
 2 #include <iostream>
 3 
 4 using std::cin;
 5 using std::cout;
 6 
 7 void output(const vectorInt &vi) {
 8     for(auto i = 0; i < vi.get_size(); ++i)
 9         cout << vi.at(i) << ", ";
10     cout << "\b\b \n";
11 }
12 
13 
14 void test1() {
15     int n;
16     cout << "Enter n: ";
17     cin >> n;
18 
19     vectorInt x1(n);
20     for(auto i = 0; i < n; ++i)
21         x1.at(i) = i*i;
22     cout << "x1: ";  output(x1);
23 
24     vectorInt x2(n, 42);
25     vectorInt x3(x2);
26     x2.at(0) = -999;
27     cout << "x2: ";  output(x2);
28     cout << "x3: ";  output(x3);
29 }
30 
31 void test2() {
32     const vectorInt  x(5, 42);
33     vectorInt y(10, 0);
34 
35     cout << "y: ";  output(y);
36     y.assign(x);
37     cout << "y: ";  output(y);
38     
39     cout << "x.at(0) = " << x.at(0) << endl;
40     cout << "y.at(0) = " << y.at(0) << endl;
41 }
42 
43 int main() {
44     cout << "测试1: \n";
45     test1();
46 
47     cout << "\n测试2: \n";
48     test2();
49 }
task3.cpp

vectorInt.hpp

 1 #pragma once
 2 
 3 #include <iostream>
 4 #include <cassert>
 5 
 6 using std::cout;
 7 using std::endl;
 8 
 9 // 动态int数组对象类
10 class vectorInt{
11 public:
12     vectorInt(int n);
13     vectorInt(int n, int value);
14     vectorInt(const vectorInt &vi);
15     ~vectorInt();
16 
17     int& at(int index);
18     const int& at(int index) const;
19 
20     vectorInt& assign(const vectorInt &v);
21     int get_size() const;
22 
23 private:
24     int size;
25     int *ptr;       // ptr指向包含size个int的数组
26 };
27 
28 vectorInt::vectorInt(int n): size{n}, ptr{new int[size]} {
29 }
30 
31 vectorInt::vectorInt(int n, int value): size{n}, ptr{new int[size]} {
32     for(auto i = 0; i < size; ++i)
33         ptr[i] = value;
34 }
35 
36 vectorInt::vectorInt(const vectorInt &vi): size{vi.size}, ptr{new int[size]} {
37     for(auto i = 0; i < size; ++i)
38         ptr[i] = vi.ptr[i];
39 }
40 
41 vectorInt::~vectorInt() {
42     delete [] ptr;
43 }
44 
45 const int& vectorInt::at(int index) const {
46     assert(index >= 0 && index < size);
47 
48     return ptr[index];
49 }
50 
51 int& vectorInt::at(int index) {
52     assert(index >= 0 && index < size);
53 
54     return ptr[index];
55 }
56 
57 vectorInt& vectorInt::assign(const vectorInt &v) {  
58     delete[] ptr;       // 释放对象中ptr原来指向的资源
59 
60     size = v.size;
61     ptr = new int[size];
62 
63     for(int i = 0; i < size; ++i)
64         ptr[i] = v.ptr[i];
65 
66     return *this;
67 }
68 
69 int vectorInt::get_size() const {
70     return size;
71 }
vectorInt.hpp

代码运行截图:

问题1:深复制

问题2:修改后会产生如下报错:// [Error] lvalue required as left operand of assignment//,程序无法正常运行,删除const后可能会导致数据泄露.

问题3:不可以,违背标准库设计,返回值类型被改变。

任务4

matrix.hpp

 1 #pragma once
 2 
 3 #include <iostream>
 4 #include <cassert>
 5 
 6 using std::cout;
 7 using std::endl;
 8 
 9 // 类Matrix的声明
10 class Matrix {
11 public:
12     Matrix(int n, int m);           // 构造函数,构造一个n*m的矩阵, 初始值为value
13     Matrix(int n);                  // 构造函数,构造一个n*n的矩阵, 初始值为value
14     Matrix(const Matrix &x);        // 复制构造函数, 使用已有的矩阵X构造
15     ~Matrix();
16 
17     void set(const double *pvalue);         // 用pvalue指向的连续内存块数据按行为矩阵赋值
18     void clear();                           // 把矩阵对象的值置0
19     
20     const double& at(int i, int j) const;   // 返回矩阵对象索引(i,j)的元素const引用
21     double& at(int i, int j);               // 返回矩阵对象索引(i,j)的元素引用
22     
23     int get_lines() const;                  // 返回矩阵对象行数
24     int get_cols() const;                   // 返回矩阵对象列数
25 
26     void display() const;                    // 按行显示矩阵对象元素值
27 
28 private:
29     int lines;      // 矩阵对象内元素行数
30     int cols;       // 矩阵对象内元素列数
31     double *ptr;
32 };
33 
34 // 类Matrix的实现:待补足
35 Matrix::Matrix(int n, int m) :lines(n), cols(m), ptr(new double[n * m]()) {}
36 
37 Matrix::Matrix(int n) : lines(n), cols(n), ptr(new double[n * n]()) {}
38 
39 Matrix::Matrix(const Matrix& x) : lines(x.lines), cols(x.cols), ptr(new double[lines * cols]()) {
40     for (int i = 0; i < lines * cols; i++)
41         ptr[i] = x.ptr[i];
42 
43 }
44 
45 Matrix::~Matrix() {
46     delete[] ptr;
47 
48 }
49 
50 void Matrix::set(const double* pvalue) {
51     for (int i = 0; i < lines * cols; i++)
52         ptr[i] = pvalue[i];
53 
54 }
55 
56 void Matrix::clear() {
57     for (int i = 0; i < lines * cols; i++)
58         ptr[i] = 0.0;
59 
60 }
61 
62 const double& Matrix::at(int i, int j) const
63 {
64     assert(i >= 0 && i < lines && j >= 0 && j < cols);
65     return ptr[i * cols + j];
66 }
67 
68 double& Matrix::at(int i, int j)
69 {
70     assert(i >= 0 && i < lines && j >= 0 && j < cols);
71     return ptr[i * cols + j];
72 }
73 
74 int Matrix::get_lines() const {
75     return lines;
76 }
77 
78 int Matrix::get_cols() const {
79     return cols;
80 
81 }
82 
83 void Matrix::display() const {
84     for (int i = 0; i < lines; i++) {
85         for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
86             cout << at(i, j) << " ";
87 
88         }
89         cout << endl;
90     }
91 }
matrix.hpp

task4.cpp

 1 #include "matrix.hpp"
 2 #include <iostream>
 3 #include <cassert>
 4 
 5 using std::cin;
 6 using std::cout;
 7 using std::endl;
 8 
 9 
10 const int N = 1000;
11 
12 // 输出矩阵对象索引为index所在行的所有元素
13 void output(const Matrix &m, int index) {
14     assert(index >= 0 && index < m.get_lines());
15 
16     for(auto j = 0; j < m.get_cols(); ++j)
17         cout << m.at(index, j) << ", ";
18     cout << "\b\b \n";
19 }
20 
21 
22 void test1() {
23     double x[1000] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9};
24 
25     int n, m;
26     cout << "Enter n and m: ";
27     cin >> n >> m;
28 
29     Matrix m1(n, m);    // 创建矩阵对象m1, 大小n×m
30     m1.set(x);          // 用一维数组x的值按行为矩阵m1赋值
31 
32     Matrix m2(m, n);    // 创建矩阵对象m1, 大小m×n
33     m2.set(x);          // 用一维数组x的值按行为矩阵m1赋值
34 
35     Matrix m3(2);       // 创建一个2×2矩阵对象
36     m3.set(x);          // 用一维数组x的值按行为矩阵m4赋值
37 
38     cout << "矩阵对象m1: \n";   m1.display();  cout << endl;
39     cout << "矩阵对象m2: \n";   m2.display();  cout << endl;
40     cout << "矩阵对象m3: \n";   m3.display();  cout << endl;
41 }
42 
43 void test2() {
44     Matrix m1(2, 3);
45     m1.clear();
46     
47     const Matrix m2(m1);
48     m1.at(0, 0) = -999;
49 
50     cout << "m1.at(0, 0) = " << m1.at(0, 0) << endl;
51     cout << "m2.at(0, 0) = " << m2.at(0, 0) << endl;
52     cout << "矩阵对象m1第0行: "; output(m1, 0);
53     cout << "矩阵对象m2第0行: "; output(m2, 0);
54 }
55 
56 int main() {
57     cout << "测试1: \n";
58     test1();
59 
60     cout << "测试2: \n";
61     test2();
62 }
task4.cpp

代码运行截图:

任务5

user.hpp

 1 #pragma once
 2 #include <iostream>
 3 #include <string>
 4 
 5 using namespace std;
 6 
 7 class User
 8 {
 9 public:
10     User(string name, string password = "123456", string email = "");
11     void set_email();
12     void change_password();
13     void display() const;
14 
15 private:
16     string name;
17     string password;
18     string email;
19 };
20 User::User(string name, string password, string email) : name{ name }, password{ password }, email{ email } {}
21 void User::set_email()
22 {
23     string input;
24     do
25     {
26         cout << "请输入邮箱: ";
27         getline(cin, input);
28         // 简单的邮箱合法性校验
29         if (input.find('@') != string::npos)
30         {
31             email = input;
32         }
33         else
34         {
35             cout << "非法邮箱,请输入包含@的邮箱。" << endl;
36         }
37     } while (input.find('@') == string::npos);
38 }
39 void User::change_password()
40 {
41     string old_password;
42     int attempts = 0;
43     while (attempts < 3)
44     {
45         cout << "请输入旧密码: ";
46         cin >> old_password;
47         if (old_password == password)
48         {
49             string new_password;
50             cout << "请输入新密码: ";
51             cin >> new_password;
52             password = new_password;
53             return;
54         }
55         else
56         {
57             cout << "密码错误。" << endl;
58             attempts++;
59             if (attempts == 3)
60             {
61                 cout << "连续三次输入错误,稍后再试。" << endl;
62             }
63         }
64     }
65 }
66 void User::display() const
67 {
68     cout << "用户名: " << name << endl;
69     cout << "密码: " << string(password.length(), '*') << endl;
70     cout << "邮箱: " << email << endl;
71 }
user.hpp

task5.cpp

 1 #include "user.hpp"
 2 #include <iostream>
 3 #include <string>
 4 #include <vector>
 5 
 6 using std::cin;
 7 using std::cout;
 8 using std::endl;
 9 using std::string;
10 using std::vector;
11 
12 void test()
13 {
14     vector<User> user_lst;
15 
16     User u1("Alice", "2024113", "[email protected]");
17     user_lst.push_back(u1);
18     cout << endl;
19 
20     User u2("Bob");
21     u2.set_email();
22     u2.change_password();
23     user_lst.push_back(u2);
24     cout << endl;
25 
26     User u3("Hellen");
27     u3.set_email();
28     u3.change_password();
29     user_lst.push_back(u3);
30     cout << endl;
31 
32     cout << "There are " << user_lst.size() << " users. they are: " << endl;
33     for (auto& i : user_lst)
34     {
35         i.display();
36         cout << endl;
37     }
38 }
39 
40 int main()
41 {
42     test();
43 }
task5.cpp

代码运行截图:

任务6

date.h

 1 #pragma once
 2 class Date {
 3 private:
 4     int year; int month; int day; int totalDays;
 5 public:
 6     Date(int year, int month, int day);
 7     int getYear()const { return year; }
 8     int getMonth()const { return month; }
 9     int getDay()const { return day; }
10     int getMaxDay()const;
11     bool isLeapYear()const {
12         return year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0 || year % 400 == 0;
13     }
14     void show()const;
15     int distance(const Date& date)const {
16         return totalDays - date.totalDays;
17     }
18 };
date.h

date.cpp

 1 #include"date.h"
 2 #include<iostream>
 3 #include<cstdlib>
 4 using namespace std;
 5 namespace {
 6     const int DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[] = { 0,31,59,90,120,151,181,212,243,273,304,334,365 };
 7 }
 8 Date::Date(int year, int month, int day) : year(year), month(month), day(day) {
 9     if (day <= 0 || day > getMaxDay()) {
10         cout << "Invalid date:";
11         show();
12         cout << endl;
13         exit(1);
14     }
15     int years = year - 1;
16     totalDays = years * 365 + years / 4 - years / 100 + years / 400 + DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1] + day;
17     if (isLeapYear() && month > 2)totalDays++;
18 }
19 int Date::getMaxDay()const {
20     if (isLeapYear() && month == 2)
21         return 29;
22     else
23         return DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month] - DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1];
24 }
25 void Date::show()const {
26     cout << getYear() << "-" << getMonth() << "-" << getDay();
27 }
date.cpp

account.h

 1 #include"date.h"
 2 #include<string>
 3 class SavingsAccount {
 4 private:
 5     std::string id;
 6     double balance;
 7     double rate;
 8     Date lastDate;
 9     double accumulation;
10     static double total;
11     void record(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc);
12     void error(const std::string& msg)const;
13     double accumulate(const Date& date)const {
14         return accumulation + balance * date.distance(lastDate);
15     }
16 public:
17     SavingsAccount(const Date& date, const std::string& id, double rate);
18     const std::string& getId()const { return id; }
19     double getBalance()const { return balance; }
20     double getRate()const { return rate; }
21     static double getTotal() { return total; }
22     void deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc);
23     void withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc);
24     void settle(const Date& date);
25     void show()const;
26 };
account.h

account.cpp

 1 #include"account.h"
 2 #include<cmath>
 3 #include<iostream>
 4 using namespace std;
 5 double SavingsAccount::total = 0;
 6 
 7 SavingsAccount::SavingsAccount(const Date& date, const string& id, double rate) :id(id), balance(0), rate(rate), lastDate(date), accumulation(0) {
 8     date.show();
 9     cout << "\t#" << id << "created" << endl;
10 }
11 void SavingsAccount::record(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc) {
12     accumulation = accumulate(date);
13     lastDate = date;
14     amount = floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100;
15     balance += amount;
16     total += amount;
17     date.show();
18     cout << "\t#" << id << "\t" << amount << "\t" << balance << "\t" << desc << endl;
19 }
20 void SavingsAccount::error(const std::string& msg)const {
21     cout << "Error(#" << id << ");" << msg << endl;
22 }
23 void SavingsAccount::deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc) {
24     record(date, amount, desc);
25 }
26 void SavingsAccount::withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc) {
27     if (amount > getBalance())
28     {
29         error("not enough money");
30     }
31     else
32         record(date, -amount, desc);
33 }
34 void SavingsAccount::settle(const Date& date) {
35     double interest = accumulate(date) * rate / date.distance(Date(date.getYear() - 1, 1, 1));
36     if (interest != 0)
37         record(date, interest, "interest");
38     accumulation = 0;
39 }
40 void SavingsAccount::show()const {
41     cout << id << "\tBalance:" << balance;
42 }
account.cpp

test.cpp

 1 #include"account.h"
 2 #include<iostream>
 3 using namespace std;
 4 int main()
 5 {
 6     Date date(2008, 11, 1);
 7     SavingsAccount accounts[] = {
 8         SavingsAccount(date,"03755217",0.015),
 9         SavingsAccount(date,"02342342",0.015)
10     };
11     const int n = sizeof(accounts) / sizeof(SavingsAccount);
12     accounts[0].deposit(Date(2008, 11, 5), 5000, "salary");
13     accounts[1].deposit(Date(2008, 11, 25), 10000, "sell stock 0323");
14 
15     accounts[0].deposit(Date(2008, 12, 5), 5500, "salary");
16     accounts[1].withdraw(Date(2008, 12, 20), 4000, "buy a laptop");
17 
18     cout << endl;
19     for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
20     {
21         accounts[i].settle(Date(2009, 1, 1));
22         accounts[i].show();
23         cout << endl;
24     }
25     cout << "Total:" << SavingsAccount::getTotal() << endl;
26     return 0;
27 }
test.cpp

代码运行截图:

 

标签:std,const,string,int,void,实验,程序设计,include
From: https://www.cnblogs.com/DREAMSRING/p/18525832

相关文章

  • 实验3
    task1.button.hpp#pragmaonce#include<iostream>#include<string>usingstd::string;usingstd::cout;//按钮类classButton{public:Button(conststring&text);stringget_label()const;voidclick();private:string......
  • # 学期(2024-2025-1) 学号(20241420) 《计算机基础与程序设计》第七周学习总结
    学期(2024-2025-1)学号(20241420)《计算机基础与程序设计》第七周学习总结作业信息这个作业属于哪个课程<班级链接>(如2024-2025-1-计算机基础与程序设计)这个作业要求在哪里<作业要求链接>(2024-2025-1计算机基础与程序设计第七周作业)这个作业的目标<计算机科学概论......
  • 实验3 c++
    任务一:button.hpp:#pragmaonce#include"button.hpp"#include<vector>#include<iostream>usingstd::vector;usingstd::cout;usingstd::endl;//窗口类classWindow{public: Window(conststring&win_title); voiddisplay()const......
  • 实验3 类和对象 基础编程2
    实验任务1:源代码button.hpp:点击查看代码1#pragmaonce23#include<iostream>4#include<string>56usingstd::string;7usingstd::cout;89//按钮类10classButton{11public:12Button(conststring&text);13stringget_label(......
  • 实验3 类和对象_基础编程2
    任务1源程序:button.hpp1#pragmaonce23#include<iostream>4#include<string>56usingstd::string;7usingstd::cout;89//按钮类10classButton{11public:12Button(conststring&text);13stringget_label()cons......
  • 实验3 类和对象_基础编程2
    任务一task1.cppbutton.hpp#pragmaonce#include<iostream>#include<string>usingstd::string;usingstd::cout;//按钮类classButton{public:Button(conststring&text);stringget_label()const;voidclick();private:string......
  • 实验3 类和对象_基础编程2
    实验任务1button.cpp源码#pragmaonce#include<iostream>#include<string>usingstd::string;usingstd::cout;//按钮类classButton{public:Button(conststring&text);stringget_label()const;voidclick();private:string......
  • 2024-2025-1 20241425 《计算机基础与程序设计》第7周学习总结
    2024-2025-120241425《计算机基础与程序设计》第7周学习总结作业信息这个作业属于哪个课程[2024-2025-1-计算机基础与程序设计](https://edu.cnblogs.com/campus/besti/2024-2025-1-CFAP)这个作业要求在哪里<作业要求的链接>(如2024-2025-1计算机基础与程序设计第一......
  • 产品手册工具在实验室仪器行业的应用
    大家好,这里是ai元启航,最近在学习ai知识,今天分享的是有关产品手册工具在实验室仪器行业的应用,我们知道,实验室仪器行业作为高新技术领域的重要组成部分,其产品手册的详尽程度与易用性对于用户的使用体验与满意度具有重要影响。为了提升产品手册的实用性与便捷性,越来越多的实验室仪器......
  • 实验三
    task1:button.hpp:点击查看代码#pragmaonce#include<iostream>#include<string>usingstd::string;usingstd::cout;//按钮类classButton{public:  Button(conststring&text);  stringget_label()const;  voidclick();private:  st......