任务1
task1.cpp
1 #include "t.h"
2 #include <iostream>
3
4 using std::cout;
5 using std::endl;
6
7 void test();
8
9 int main() {
10 test();
11 cout << "\nmain: \n";
12 cout << "T objects'current count: " << T::get_cnt() << endl;
13 }
14
15 void test() {
16 cout << "test class T: \n";
17 cout << "T info: " << T::doc << endl;
18 cout << "T objects'max count: " << T::max_cnt << endl;
19 cout << "T objects'current count: " << T::get_cnt() << endl << endl;
20
21
22 T t1;
23 cout << "t1 = "; t1.display(); cout << endl;
24
25 T t2(3, 4);
26 cout << "t2 = "; t2.display(); cout << endl;
27
28 T t3(t2);
29 t3.adjust(2);
30 cout << "t3 = "; t3.display(); cout << endl;
31
32 T t4(std::move(t2));
33 cout << "t3 = "; t4.display(); cout << endl;
34
35 cout << "T objects'current count: " << T::get_cnt() << endl;
36
37 func();
38 }
task1
t.cpp
1 // 类T: 实现
2 // 普通函数实现
3
4 #include "t.h"
5 #include <iostream>
6 #include <string>
7
8 using std::cout;
9 using std::endl;
10 using std::string;
11
12 // static成员数据类外初始化
13 const std::string T::doc{"a simple class sample"};
14 const int T::max_cnt = 999;
15 int T::cnt = 0;
16
17
18 // 对象方法
19 T::T(int x, int y): m1{x}, m2{y} {
20 ++cnt;
21 cout << "T constructor called.\n";
22 }
23
24 T::T(const T &t): m1{t.m1}, m2{t.m2} {
25 ++cnt;
26 cout << "T copy constructor called.\n";
27 }
28
29 T::T(T &&t): m1{t.m1}, m2{t.m2} {
30 ++cnt;
31 cout << "T move constructor called.\n";
32 }
33
34 T::~T() {
35 --cnt;
36 cout << "T destructor called.\n";
37 }
38
39 void T::adjust(int ratio) {
40 m1 *= ratio;
41 m2 *= ratio;
42 }
43
44 void T::display() const {
45 cout << "(" << m1 << ", " << m2 << ")" ;
46 }
47
48 // 类方法
49 int T::get_cnt() {
50 return cnt;
51 }
52
53 // 友元
54 void func() {
55 T t5(42);
56 t5.m2 = 2049;
57 cout << "t5 = "; t5.display(); cout << endl;
58 }
t
t.h
1 #pragma once
2
3 #include <string>
4
5 // 类T: 声明
6 class T {
7 // 对象属性、方法
8 public:
9 T(int x = 0, int y = 0); // 普通构造函数
10 T(const T &t); // 复制构造函数
11 T(T &&t); // 移动构造函数
12 ~T(); // 析构函数
13
14 void adjust(int ratio); // 按系数成倍调整数据
15 void display() const; // 以(m1, m2)形式显示T类对象信息
16
17 private:
18 int m1, m2;
19
20 // 类属性、方法
21 public:
22 static int get_cnt(); // 显示当前T类对象总数
23
24 public:
25 static const std::string doc; // 类T的描述信息
26 static const int max_cnt; // 类T对象上限
27
28 private:
29 static int cnt; // 当前T类对象数目
30
31 // 类T友元函数声明
32 friend void func();
33 };
34
35 // 普通函数声明
36 void func();
th
代码运行截图：
问题一：可以去掉line36，代码正常运行。
问题二：普通构造函数初始化变量，复制构造函数是对同类对象的引用，移动构造函数是对参数右值的引用，编译周期结束时，自动调用析构函数。
问题三：不能运行，
任务二
task2.cpp
1 #include "Complex.h"
2 #include <iostream>
3
4 using std::cout;
5 using std::endl;
6 using std::boolalpha;
7
8 void test() {
9 cout << "类成员测试: " << endl;
10 cout << Complex::doc << endl;
11
12 cout << endl;
13
14 cout << "Complex对象测试: " << endl;
15 Complex c1;
16 Complex c2(3, -4);
17 const Complex c3(3.5);
18 Complex c4(c3);
19
20 cout << "c1 = "; c1.output(); cout << endl;
21 cout << "c2 = "; c2.output(); cout << endl;
22 cout << "c3 = "; c3.output(); cout << endl;
23 cout << "c4 = "; c4.output(); cout << endl;
24 cout << "c4.real = " << c4.get_real() << ", c4.imag = " << c4.get_imag() << endl;
25
26 cout << endl;
27
28 cout << "复数运算测试: " << endl;
29 cout << "abs(c2) = " << abs(c2) << endl;
30 c1.add(c2);
31 cout << "c1 += c2, c1 = "; c1.output(); cout << endl;
32 cout << boolalpha;
33 cout << "c1 == c2 : " << is_equal(c1, c2) << endl;
34 cout << "c1 != c3 : " << is_not_equal(c1, c3) << endl;
35 c4 = add(c2, c3);
36 cout << "c4 = c2 + c3, c4 = "; c4.output(); cout << endl;
37
38 }
39
40 int main() {
41 test();
42
43 }
task2
Complex.h
1 #pragma once
2 #ifndef COMPLEX_H
3 #define COMPLEX_H
4
5 #include <string>
6 #include<iostream>
7 #include<cmath>
8 // 类Complex: 声明
9 class Complex {
10 public:
11 Complex();
12 Complex(double r);
13 Complex(double r, double i);
14 Complex(const Complex& c);
15 double get_real()const;
16 double get_imag()const;
17 void add(const Complex& c);
18
19 //~Complex(); // 析构函数
20 //void output(const Complex& c);
21 void output()const;
22 //void Complex add(const Complex& c);
23 static const std::string doc;
24 friend Complex add(const Complex& c1, const Complex& c2);
25 friend bool is_equal(const Complex& c1, const Complex& c2);
26 friend bool is_not_equal(const Complex& c1, const Complex& c2);
27 friend double abs(const Complex& c);
28 //friend Complex output(const Complex& c);
29 friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Complex& c);
30
31 private:
32 double real;
33 double imag;
34
35 };
36
37 #endif // COMPLEX_H
Complexh
Complex.cpp
1 #include "Complex.h"
2 // 普通函数实现
3 #include <iostream>
4 #include <string>
5 using std::cout;
6 using std::endl;
7 using std::string;
8
9 // static成员数据类外初始化
10 const std::string Complex::doc= " a simplified complex class" ;
11
12
13 // 对象方法
14 Complex::Complex() :real(0), imag( 0 ) {}
15 Complex::Complex(double r) :real(r), imag( 0 ) {}
16 Complex::Complex(double r, double i) :real( r ), imag(i) {}
17 Complex::Complex(const Complex& c) : real(c.real), imag(c.imag) {}
18
19
20 // 类方法
21 double Complex::get_real()const{
22 return real;
23 }
24 double Complex::get_imag() const{
25 return imag;
26 }
27 void Complex::add(const Complex& c) {
28 real += c.real;
29 imag += c.imag;
30 }//将复数加到自身
31 std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Complex& c) {
32 os << c.real << (c.imag >= 0 ? "+" : "") << c.imag << "i";
33 return os;
34 }// 输出流重载
35 Complex add(const Complex& c1, const Complex& c2) {
36 return Complex(c1.real + c2.real, c1.imag + c2.imag);
37 }//加法友元
38 bool is_equal(const Complex& c1, const Complex& c2) {
39 return (c1.real == c2.real) && (c1.imag == c2.imag);
40 }//判等友元
41 bool is_not_equal(const Complex& c1, const Complex& c2) {
42 return !is_equal(c1, c2);
43 }//判不等友元
44 double abs(const Complex& c) {
45 return std::sqrt(c.real * c.real + c.imag * c.imag);
46 }//取模友元
47 void Complex::output() const {
48 if(imag>=0)
49 std::cout<< real << " + " << imag << "i" << std::endl;
50 else
51 std::cout << real << " - " << imag*(-1) << "i" << std::endl;
52 }//输出
Complexcpp
代码运行截图：
任务三
task3.cpp
1 #include <iostream>
2 #include <complex>
3
4 using std::cout;
5 using std::endl;
6 using std::boolalpha;
7 using std::complex;
8
9 void test() {
10 cout << "标准库模板类comple测试: " << endl;
11 complex<double> c1;
12 complex<double> c2(3, -4);
13 const complex<double> c3(3.5);
14 complex<double> c4(c3);
15
16 cout << "c1 = " << c1 << endl;
17 cout << "c2 = " << c2 << endl;
18 cout << "c3 = " << c3 << endl;
19 cout << "c4 = " << c4 << endl;
20 cout << "c4.real = " << c4.real() << ", c4.imag = " << c4.imag() << endl;
21 cout << endl;
22
23 cout << "复数运算测试: " << endl;
24 cout << "abs(c2) = " << abs(c2) << endl;
25 c1 += c2;
26 cout << "c1 += c2, c1 = " << c1 << endl;
27 cout << boolalpha;
28 cout << "c1 == c2 : " << (c1 == c2) << endl;
29 cout << "c1 != c3 : " << (c1 != c3) << endl;
30 c4 = c2 + c3;
31 cout << "c4 = c2 + c3, c4 = " << c4 << endl;
32 }
33
34 int main() {
35 test();
36 }
task3
代码运行截图：
运用接口有：real，imag，operator+-*/=
标准库函数complex输出更加简洁，没有任务二中代码如此冗赘。
任务四
task4.cpp
1 #include "Fraction.h"
2 #include <iostream>
3 #include <numeric>
4
5 using std::cout;
6 using std::endl;
7
8 void test1() {
9 cout << "Fraction类测试: " << endl;
10 cout << Fraction::doc << endl << endl;
11
12 Fraction f1(5);
13 Fraction f2(3, -4), f3(-18, 12);
14 Fraction f4(f3);
15 cout << "f1 = "; output(f1); cout << endl;
16 cout << "f2 = "; output(f2); cout << endl;
17 cout << "f3 = "; output(f3); cout << endl;
18 cout << "f4 = "; output(f4); cout << endl;
19
20
21 Fraction f5(f4.negative());
22 cout << "f5 = "; output(f5); cout << endl;
23 cout << "f5.get_up() = " << f5.get_up() << ", f5.get_down() = " << f5.get_down() << endl;
24
25 cout << "f1 + f2 = "; output(add(f1, f2)); cout << endl;
26 cout << "f1 - f2 = "; output(sub(f1, f2)); cout << endl;
27 cout << "f1 * f2 = "; output(mul(f1, f2)); cout << endl;
28 cout << "f1 / f2 = "; output(div(f1, f2)); cout << endl;
29 cout << "f4 + f5 = "; output(add(f4, f5)); cout << endl;
30 }
31
32 void test2() {
33 Fraction f6(42, 55), f7(0, 3);
34 cout << "f6 = "; output(f6); cout << endl;
35 cout << "f7 = "; output(f7); cout << endl;
36 cout << "f6 / f7 = "; output(div(f6, f7)); cout << endl;
37 }
38
39 int main() {
40 cout << "测试1: Fraction类基础功能测试\n";
41 test1();
42
43 cout << "\n测试2: 分母为0测试: \n";
44 test2();
45 return 0;
46 }
task4
Fraction.h
1 #pragma once
2
3 #ifndef FRACTION_H
4 #define FRACTION_H
5
6 #include<iostream>
7 #include<string>
8 #include <numeric>
9 class Fraction
10 {
11 public:
12 //Fraction();
13 //Fraction(int u);
14 Fraction(int u=0, int d=1);
15 Fraction(const Fraction& f);
16
17 //接口
18 int get_up()const;
19 int get_down()const;
20 Fraction negative()const;
21
22 static const std::string doc;
23
24 //友元
25 friend Fraction add(const Fraction& f1, const Fraction& f2);
26 friend Fraction sub(const Fraction& f1, const Fraction& f2);
27 friend Fraction mul(const Fraction& f1, const Fraction& f2);
28 friend Fraction div(const Fraction& f1, const Fraction& f2);
29 friend void output(const Fraction& f);
30
31 private:
32 int up;
33 int down;
34
35 void simplify();
36 };
37
38 #endif//FRACTION_H
Fraction.h
Fraction.cpp
1 #include "Fraction.h"
2 #include<iostream>
3 #include<string>
4 #include <numeric>
5
6 using std::cout;
7 using std::endl;
8 using std::string;
9
10 const std::string Fraction::doc = "Fraction类 v 0.01版.\n目前仅支持分数对象的构造、输出、加/减/乘/除运算.";
11
12 //Fraction::Fraction() :up(0), down(1) {}
13 //Fraction::Fraction(int u):up(u),down(1){}
14 //Fraction::Fraction(int u,int d):up(u),down(d){}
15
16 Fraction::Fraction(int u, int d) : up(u), down(d) {
17 //if (d == 0) {
18 // //throw std::invalid_argument("分母不能为零");
19 // //printf("分母不能为0");
20 //}
21 simplify();
22 }
23
24 Fraction::Fraction(const Fraction&f) :up(f.up), down(f.down) {}
25
26 int gcd(int a, int b) {
27 while (b != 0) {
28 int temp = b;
29 b = a % b;
30 a = temp;
31 }
32 return abs(a); // 返回绝对值
33 }
34
35 void Fraction::simplify() {
36 if (down < 0) { // 保证分母为正
37 up = -up;
38 down = -down;
39 }
40 int divisor = gcd(abs(up), abs(down));
41 up /= divisor;
42 down /= divisor;
43 }
44
45
46 int Fraction::get_up()const {
47 return up;
48 }
49 int Fraction::get_down()const {
50 return down;
51 }
52 Fraction Fraction::negative()const {
53 return Fraction(-up, down);
54 }
55
56 //友元
57 void output(const Fraction& f)
58 {
59 if (f.get_up() == 0 && f.get_down() == 0)
60 printf("分母不能为0\n");
61 else if(f.get_up() == 0 && f.get_down() != 0)
62 std::cout <<"0" << std::endl;
63 else
64 std::cout << f.get_up() << "/" << f.get_down() << std::endl;
65 }
66 Fraction add(const Fraction& f1, const Fraction& f2)
67 {
68 return Fraction(f1.get_up()*f2.get_down()+f2.get_up()*f1.get_down(),f1.get_down()*f2.get_down());
69 }
70 Fraction sub(const Fraction& f1, const Fraction& f2)
71 {
72 return Fraction(f1.get_up() * f2.get_down() - f2.get_up() * f1.get_down(), f1.get_down() * f2.get_down());
73 }
74 Fraction mul(const Fraction& f1, const Fraction& f2)
75 {
76 return Fraction(f1.get_up() * f2.get_up() , f1.get_down() * f2.get_down());
77 }
78 Fraction div(const Fraction& f1, const Fraction& f2) {
79 if (f2.get_up() == 0) {
80 //throw std::invalid_argument("除数不能为零");
81 printf("分母不能为0\n");
82 Fraction f(0, 0);
83 return f;
84 }
85 return Fraction(f1.get_up() * f2.get_down(), f1.get_down() * f2.get_up());
86 }
Fraction.cpp
代码运行截图：
任务五
task5.cpp
1 #include<iostream>
2 #include"account.h"
3 using namespace std;
4 int main()
5 {
6 //建立几个账户
7 SavingsAccount sa0(1, 21325302, 0.015);
8 SavingsAccount sa1(1, 58320212, 0.015);
9 //几笔账目
10 sa0.deposit(5, 5000);
11 sa1.deposit(25, 10000);
12 sa0.deposit(45, 5500);
13 sa1.withdraw(60, 4000);
14 //开户后第90天到了银行的计息日，结算所有账户的年息
15 sa0.settle(90);
16 sa1.settle(90);
17 //输出各个账户信息
18 sa0.show(); cout << endl;
19 sa1.show(); cout << endl;
20 cout << "Total:" << SavingsAccount::getTotal() << endl;
21 return 0;
22 }
task5
account.h
1 #pragma once
2 #ifndef ACCOUNT_H
3 #define ACCOUNT_H
4
5
6 class SavingsAccount
7 {//储蓄账户类
8 private:
9 int id;//账号
10 double balance;//余额
11 double rate;//存款的年利率
12 int lastDate;//上次变更余额的时期
13 double accumulation;//余额按日累加之和
14 static double total;//所有账户的总金额
15 //记录一笔账，date为日期，amount为金额，desc为说明
16 void record(int date, double amount);
17 //获得到指定日期为止的存款金额按日累积值
18 double accumulate(int date)const {
19 return accumulation + balance * (date - lastDate);
20 }
21 public:
22 //构造函数
23 SavingsAccount(int date, int id, double rate);
24 int getId()const { return id; }
25 double getBalance()const { return balance; }
26 double getRate()const { return rate; }
27 static double getTotal(){ return total; }
28 void deposit(int date, double amount);//存入现金
29 void withdraw(int date, double amount);//取出现金
30 //结算利息，每年一月一日调用一次该函数
31 void settle(int date);
32 //显示账户信息
33 void show()const;
34 };
35
36 #endif // ! ACCOUNT_H
account.h
account.cpp
1 #include "account.h"
2 #include<cmath>
3 #include<iostream>
4 using namespace std;
5
6 double SavingsAccount::total = 0;
7 //SavingsAccount类相关成员函数的实现
8 SavingsAccount::SavingsAccount(int date, int id, double rate) :id(id), balance(0), rate(rate), lastDate(date), accumulation(0) {
9 cout << date << "\t#" << id << "is created" << endl;
10 }
11 void SavingsAccount::record(int date, double amount)
12 {
13 accumulation = accumulate(date);
14 lastDate = date;
15 amount = floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100;//保留小数点后两位
16 balance += amount;
17 total += amount;
18 cout << date << "\t#" << id << "\t" << amount << "\t" << balance << endl;
19 }
20 void SavingsAccount::deposit(int date, double amount) {
21 record(date, amount);
22 }
23 void SavingsAccount::withdraw(int date, double amount)
24 {
25 if (amount > getBalance())
26 cout << "Error:not enough money" << endl;
27 else
28 record(date, amount);
29 }
30 void SavingsAccount::settle(int date) {
31 double interest = accumulate(date) * rate / 365;//计算年息
32 if (interest != 0)
33 record(date, interest);
34 accumulation = 0;
35 }
36 void SavingsAccount::show()const {
37 cout << "#" << id << "\tBalance:" << balance;
38 }
account.cpp
代码运行截图：
代码简洁，目标明确，精确封装各类要求，没有冗赘项目。
标签：std,const,int,Complex,实验,Fraction,程序设计,include From： https://www.cnblogs.com/DREAMSRING/p/18494417